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Book ; Online: Finite-sample concentration of the empirical relative entropy around its mean

Agrawal, Rohit

2022

Abstract: In this note, we show that the relative entropy of an empirical distribution of $n$ samples drawn from a set of size $k$ with respect to the true underlying distribution is exponentially concentrated around its expectation, with central moment generating ...

Abstract	In this note, we show that the relative entropy of an empirical distribution of $n$ samples drawn from a set of size $k$ with respect to the true underlying distribution is exponentially concentrated around its expectation, with central moment generating function bounded by that of a gamma distribution with shape $2k$ and rate $n/2$. This improves on recent work of Bhatt and Pensia (arXiv 2021) on the same problem, who showed such a similar bound with an additional polylogarithmic factor of $k$ in the shape, and also confirms a recent conjecture of Mardia et al. (Information and Inference 2020). The proof proceeds by reducing the case $k>3$ of the multinomial distribution to the simpler case $k=2$ of the binomial, for which the desired bound follows from standard results on the concentration of the binomial.
Keywords	Mathematics - Statistics Theory ; Computer Science - Information Theory ; Mathematics - Probability
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Sustainable material selection for additive manufacturing technologies: A critical analysis of rank reversal approach

Agrawal, Rohit

Journal of cleaner production. 2021 May 10, v. 296

2021

Abstract: The world is moving towards a situation where resource scarcity leads to increased material cost, and the government is bound to dispose of heavy wastes generated by the growing population. Additive Manufacturing (AM) has bought a significant revolution ... ...

Abstract	The world is moving towards a situation where resource scarcity leads to increased material cost, and the government is bound to dispose of heavy wastes generated by the growing population. Additive Manufacturing (AM) has bought a significant revolution in the current manufacturing processes. AM can fabricate complex and intricate shapes with ease. Material selection is an essential aspect in AM as a wide range of compatible materials available for AM. Appropriate material selection is necessary for cleaner production and sustainable development. Sustainable material selection considering various material properties and varied criteria can be effectively managed by Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach. However, several MCDM methods have a rank reversal problem, in which the rank of alternatives got changed when an alternative is added or removed from all considered alternatives. In this regard, this work presents a sustainable material selection of AM technologies. Sustainable material selection has been made for 3 a.m. technologies, namely Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA). Four MCDM techniques have been used to analyze and compare AM materials, namely SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization based on Ratio Analysis), TOPSIS (Technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution), and VIKOR (Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje). Rank reversal problems associated with MCDM methods are also highlighted in the material selection stage. The results reveal that ‘TPU Elastomer’, ‘Accura HPC′, and ‘Duraform EX′ are identified as the best material for FDM, SLA, and SLS based AM technologies. Further, practical and research implications have been derived based on the study to help industrial practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers for the selection of the best materials in the product development stage to support cleaner production.
Keywords	additives ; cleaning ; developmental stages ; journals ; lasers ; manufacturing ; materials ; models ; multi-criteria decision making ; product development ; shape ; solutions ; sustainable development ; wastes ; weight
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0510
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0959-6526
DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126500
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: $\ell_1$SABMIS

Agrawal, Rohit

$\ell_1$-minimization and sparse approximation based blind multi-image steganography scheme

2020

Abstract: Steganography plays a vital role in achieving secret data security by embedding it into cover media. The cover media and the secret data can be text or multimedia, such as images, videos, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel $\ell_1$-minimization and ... ...

Abstract	Steganography plays a vital role in achieving secret data security by embedding it into cover media. The cover media and the secret data can be text or multimedia, such as images, videos, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel $\ell_1$-minimization and sparse approximation based blind multi-image steganography scheme, termed $\ell_1$SABMIS. By using $\ell_1$SABMIS, multiple secret images can be hidden in a single cover image. In $\ell_1$SABMIS, we sampled cover image into four sub-images, sparsify each sub-image block-wise, and then obtain linear measurements. Next, we obtain DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficients of the secret images and then embed them into the cover image\textquotesingle s linear measurements. We perform experiments on several standard gray-scale images, and evaluate embedding capacity, PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) value, mean SSIM (structural similarity) index, NCC (normalized cross-correlation) coefficient, NAE (normalized absolute error), and entropy. The value of these assessment metrics indicates that $\ell_1$SABMIS outperforms similar existing steganography schemes. That is, we successfully hide more than two secret images in a single cover image without degrading the cover image significantly. Also, the extracted secret images preserve good visual quality, and $\ell_1$SABMIS is resistant to steganographic attack.
Keywords	Computer Science - Multimedia
Subject code	518
Publishing date	2020-07-09
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in a patient with Billroth II reconstruction.

Agrawal, Rohit / Hassan, Ahmad M / Villa, Edward

VideoGIE : an official video journal of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

2023 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 155–157

Abstract: Video 1EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in a patient with Billroth II gastrojejunostomy. ...

Abstract	Video 1EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in a patient with Billroth II gastrojejunostomy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2468-4481
ISSN (online)	2468-4481
DOI	10.1016/j.vgie.2022.12.010
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Samplers and Extractors for Unbounded Functions

Agrawal, Rohit

2019

Abstract: Blasiok (SODA'18) recently introduced the notion of a subgaussian sampler, defined as an averaging sampler for approximating the mean of functions $f:\{0,1\}^m \to \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(U_m)$ has subgaussian tails, and asked for explicit constructions. ...

Abstract	Blasiok (SODA'18) recently introduced the notion of a subgaussian sampler, defined as an averaging sampler for approximating the mean of functions $f:\{0,1\}^m \to \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(U_m)$ has subgaussian tails, and asked for explicit constructions. In this work, we give the first explicit constructions of subgaussian samplers (and in fact averaging samplers for the broader class of subexponential functions) that match the best-known constructions of averaging samplers for $[0,1]$-bounded functions in the regime of parameters where the approximation error $\varepsilon$ and failure probability $\delta$ are subconstant. Our constructions are established via an extension of the standard notion of randomness extractor (Nisan and Zuckerman, JCSS'96) where the error is measured by an arbitrary divergence rather than total variation distance, and a generalization of Zuckerman's equivalence (Random Struct. Alg.'97) between extractors and samplers. We believe that the framework we develop, and specifically the notion of an extractor for the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, are of independent interest. In particular, KL-extractors are stronger than both standard extractors and subgaussian samplers, but we show that they exist with essentially the same parameters (constructively and non-constructively) as standard extractors. Comment: An extended abstract appeared in the proceedings of RANDOM 2019
Keywords	Computer Science - Computational Complexity ; Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Publishing date	2019-04-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Finite-Sample Concentration of the Multinomial in Relative Entropy

Agrawal, Rohit

2019

Abstract: We show that the moment generating function of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (relative entropy) between the empirical distribution of $n$ independent samples from a distribution $P$ over a finite alphabet of size $k$ (i.e. a multinomial distribution) ... ...

Abstract	We show that the moment generating function of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (relative entropy) between the empirical distribution of $n$ independent samples from a distribution $P$ over a finite alphabet of size $k$ (i.e. a multinomial distribution) and $P$ itself is no more than that of a gamma distribution with shape $k - 1$ and rate $n$. The resulting exponential concentration inequality becomes meaningful (less than 1) when the divergence $\varepsilon$ is larger than $(k-1)/n$, whereas the standard method of types bound requires $\varepsilon > \frac{1}{n} \cdot \log{\binom{n+k-1}{k-1}} \geq (k-1)/n \cdot \log(1 + n/(k-1))$, thus saving a factor of order $\log(n/k)$ in the standard regime of parameters where $n\gg k$. As a consequence, we also obtain finite-sample bounds on all the moments of the empirical divergence (equivalently, the discrete likelihood-ratio statistic), which are within constant factors (depending on the moment) of their asymptotic values. Our proof proceeds via a simple reduction to the case $k = 2$ of a binary alphabet (i.e. a binomial distribution), and has the property that improvements in the case of $k = 2$ directly translate to improvements for general $k$. In particular, we conjecture a bound on the binomial moment generating function that would almost close the quadratic gap between our finite-sample bound and the asymptotic moment generating function bound from Wilks' theorem (which does not hold for finite samples).
Keywords	Computer Science - Information Theory ; Mathematics - Probability ; Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Subject code	519
Publishing date	2019-04-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Coin Theorems and the Fourier Expansion

Agrawal, Rohit

2019

Abstract: In this note we compare two measures of the complexity of a class $\mathcal F$ of Boolean functions studied in (unconditional) pseudorandomness: $\mathcal F$'s ability to distinguish between biased and uniform coins (the coin problem), and the norms of ... ...

Abstract	In this note we compare two measures of the complexity of a class $\mathcal F$ of Boolean functions studied in (unconditional) pseudorandomness: $\mathcal F$'s ability to distinguish between biased and uniform coins (the coin problem), and the norms of the different levels of the Fourier expansion of functions in $\mathcal F$ (the Fourier growth). We show that for coins with low bias $\varepsilon = o(1/n)$, a function's distinguishing advantage in the coin problem is essentially equivalent to $\varepsilon$ times the sum of its level $1$ Fourier coefficients, which in particular shows that known level $1$ and total influence bounds for some classes of interest (such as constant-width read-once branching programs) in fact follow as a black-box from the corresponding coin theorems, thereby simplifying the proofs of some known results in the literature. For higher levels, it is well-known that Fourier growth bounds on all levels of the Fourier spectrum imply coin theorems, even for large $\varepsilon$, and we discuss here the possibility of a converse. Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure
Keywords	Computer Science - Computational Complexity
Subject code	511
Publishing date	2019-06-09
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Green energy innovation initiatives for environmental sustainability: current state and future research directions.

Dhayal, Karambir Singh / Agrawal, Shruti / Agrawal, Rohit / Kumar, Anil / Giri, Arun Kumar

Environmental science and pollution research international

2024

Abstract: Worldwide, all countries have been facing the crisis of climate change problem. They have been addressing this issue by focusing on implementing green energy innovation initiatives and promoting a sustainable future through environmental sustainability. ... ...

Abstract	Worldwide, all countries have been facing the crisis of climate change problem. They have been addressing this issue by focusing on implementing green energy innovation initiatives and promoting a sustainable future through environmental sustainability. In this research study, we focus on examining the role of green finance through green energy innovations, which are taking place in several sectors across different regions to promote environmental sustainability. The study has analysed 152 articles on this research domain through a systematic literature review to understand the present state of existing knowledge. The current study examines the Scopus-indexed research articles from the time period 2002 to 2023. Six emerging themes have been examined to understand their development and the potential impact of green initiatives for environmental sustainability. Various institutional theories have been explored to understand their association with the investigated research area. The paper has discussed multiple challenges that need to be addressed for the speedy implementation of green innovations. Finally, future research questions have been proposed based on the findings from the extant literature and the existing research gaps.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-024-33286-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Can green finance facilitate Industry 5.0 transition to achieve sustainability? A systematic review with future research directions.

Dhayal, Karambir Singh / Giri, Arun Kumar / Kumar, Anil / Samadhiya, Ashutosh / Agrawal, Shruti / Agrawal, Rohit

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 46, Page(s) 102158–102180

Abstract: Most of the world's rising carbon emission results from industrial activities. Previous industrial revolutions did not put much thought into safeguarding the natural world. Governments worldwide have been continuously implementing regulations and ... ...

Abstract	Most of the world's rising carbon emission results from industrial activities. Previous industrial revolutions did not put much thought into safeguarding the natural world. Governments worldwide have been continuously implementing regulations and policies for the mitigation of climate change to promote sustainable development. To achieve decarbonization, the climate change discussion is merged with Industry 5.0 (I5.0) where green finance (GF) plays a crucial role. This technological metamorphosis of transition from Industry 4.0 (I4.0) to I5.0 will affect humans and their society. I5.0 forms a symbiotic relationship with different aspects of Society 5.0 (S5.0) such as social (human‒machine centricity), ecological (zero emissions), and technological (green innovations). Thus, the I5.0 transition prioritizes greening the economy in pursuit of achieving S5.0. Through a systematic review of 196 articles, this research study concisely summarizes the rapidly expanding body of information. The research domain gave six major themes: Green Innovations (GI), Green Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Circular Economy (CE), Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), Emerging Economies, and Net Zero Economy (NZE). Finally, a framework has been provided that illustrates the supporting role of GF for the I5.0 transition eventually followed by S5.0. This study provides an overview of these themes with their propositions and future research directions. The present study addresses the knowledge gap by providing valuable contributions to the burgeoning research domain of I5.0 and GF. Moreover, it aims to garner the attention of different stakeholders to integrate these two concepts of research to attain the goal of sustainable development.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-29539-w
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Article ; Online: Are emerging technologies unlocking the potential of sustainable practices in the context of a net-zero economy? An analysis of driving forces.

Agrawal, Rohit / Priyadarshinee, Pragati / Kumar, Anil / Luthra, Sunil / Garza-Reyes, Jose Arturo / Kadyan, Sneha

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023

Abstract: Increasing globalization and climate change have significantly affected business activities. Government and other stakeholders are creating pressure to have a sustainable business model for efficient resource utilization and minimizing negative ... ...

Abstract	Increasing globalization and climate change have significantly affected business activities. Government and other stakeholders are creating pressure to have a sustainable business model for efficient resource utilization and minimizing negative environmental impact. Many organizations have started focusing on sustainable and cleaner production through the adoption of net-zero economy (NZE) practices. Certain technological advancements are required to put these concepts into practice. Firms have begun to adopt digital technologies (such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and internet of things), and have been widely used in practice to achieve NZE. Is digitalization unlocking the potential of sustainable practices in the context of a net-zero economy? This question is still unanswered; therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the drivers of digitalization that ensure sustainable practices to achieve net-zero economy. Through an extensive literature review and experts' opinions, a list of drivers was identified. An empirical investigation was conducted to validate the identified drivers and further understand the influencing relationship among the drivers, Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (PF-DEMATEL) was employed. The findings of the study show that "high degree of automation," "enhancing the flexibility in the manufacturing process," and "real-time sensing capability" are the main influencer drivers among all cause group forces. The present study can be a source for industrial practitioners and academia that can provide significant guidance on how the adoption of digitalization can unlock the potential to achieve CE, which can lead us toward net-zero.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-26434-2
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