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Article: Pediatric traumatic brain injuries in war zones: a systematic literature review.

Aguirre, Alex S / Rojas, Kenny / Torres, Alcy R

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1253515

Abstract: Background: Pediatric casualties in war zones are a devastating consequence of armed conflicts, causing significant challenges for affected children, especially in the context of poor access to care. This study aimed to understand traumatic brain ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pediatric casualties in war zones are a devastating consequence of armed conflicts, causing significant challenges for affected children, especially in the context of poor access to care. This study aimed to understand traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in this high-risk population and to identify and provide information for the stakeholders, as well as to recognize severe long-term consequences and develop strategies to prevent them, thus minimizing their burden while aiding in the management of these cases. Methods: We carried out a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines to identify publications discussing traumatic brain injuries in children in the context of war zones, and we analyzed all the collected data. Results: Our study showed that head injuries were the most common casualty in war zones; male and female children were affected, and the mean age was 8-10 years. Most children were reported to be from Afghanistan, and blasts were the most common mechanism of injury. The mortality fluctuated from 3 to 47%. Conclusion: There is a lack of evidence-based information regarding the characterization, approach, and management of children with TBI in conflict zones. While the world finds ways to live in peace, there is an urgency to research, train, and deploy enough specialists to these areas, if governments are serious about improving outcomes for this population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2023.1253515
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Acute meningitis followed by

Aguirre, Alex S / Terán, Kelly L / López, Dennis

The International journal of neuroscience

2023 , Page(s) 1–4

Abstract: Aim of the study: ...

Abstract	Aim of the study:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3061-2
ISSN	1563-5279 ; 1543-5245 ; 0020-7454
ISSN (online)	1563-5279 ; 1543-5245
ISSN	0020-7454
DOI	10.1080/00207454.2023.2280452
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Article ; Online: Atypical presentation of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in an adult without epilepsy: a case report.

Vivanco, Ricardo A / Aguirre, Alex S / Montero, Marcelo / Perez-Davila, Mauricio / Baehring, Joachim

The International journal of neuroscience

2023 , Page(s) 1–4

Abstract: Aim of the study: ...

Abstract	Aim of the study:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3061-2
ISSN	1563-5279 ; 1543-5245 ; 0020-7454
ISSN (online)	1563-5279 ; 1543-5245
ISSN	0020-7454
DOI	10.1080/00207454.2023.2268269
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Article ; Conference proceedings: Utilization of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Cranial Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Brown, Nolan J. / Aguirre, Alex / Chee, Keanu / Himstead, Alex / Kortz, Mike

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base

2024 Volume 85, Issue S 01

Event/congress	33rd Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society, Atlanta Marriott Marquis Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 2024-02-16
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article ; Conference proceedings
ZDB-ID	2654269-9
ISSN	2193-634X ; 2193-6331
ISSN (online)	2193-634X
ISSN	2193-6331
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1780040
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: Treatment of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD): A Systematic Review.

Aguirre, Alex S / Astudillo Moncayo, Olga M / Mosquera, Johanna / Muyolema Arce, Veronica E / Gallegos, Camila / Ortiz, Juan Fernando / Andrade, Andres F / Oña, Sebastian / Buj, Maja J

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) e39903

Abstract: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common type of muscular dystrophy. This disease presents as a slowly progressive asymmetric muscle weakness that involves the facial, scapular, and upper arm muscles mainly. Currently, there ...

Abstract	Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common type of muscular dystrophy. This disease presents as a slowly progressive asymmetric muscle weakness that involves the facial, scapular, and upper arm muscles mainly. Currently, there is no established consensus on this disease treatment in terms of medications. We assessed the response to the treatment of the drugs utilized in clinical trials by performing a systematic literature review in English using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) and meta-analyses. We only used human clinical trials in patients diagnosed with FSHD that received consistent pharmacological treatment. We included 11 clinical trials that fulfilled our criteria. We concluded that albuterol had statistically significant results in three out of four clinical trials, with improved elbow flexors muscle strength. Vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc gluconate, and selenomethionine showed significant improvement in the maximal voluntary contraction and endurance limit time of quadriceps muscle. At the same time, diltiazem and MYO-029 demonstrate no improvement in function, strength, or muscle mass. Losmapimod, currently in phase I of the ReDUX4 trial, showed promising results. Peradventure, more clinical trials are still needed to address this subject. Nevertheless, this review provides a clear and concise update on the treatment for this disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.39903
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Article: Efficacy of Rituximab in CANOMAD: A Systematic Review.

Aguirre, Alex S / Vivanco, Ricardo A / Ortiz, Juan Fernando / Rozen, Valery / InsuastI, Walter E / Fiallos, John / Gallegos, Camila / Villavicencio, Andrea / Salazar, Kevin / Duenas, Francisco / Singla, Ramit

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e39237

Abstract: CANOMAD, characterized by chronic ataxic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraprotein, cold agglutinins, and disialosyl antibodies, encompasses a clinical, radiological, and laboratory diagnosis. CANOMAD is a rare condition, with fewer ...

Abstract	CANOMAD, characterized by chronic ataxic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraprotein, cold agglutinins, and disialosyl antibodies, encompasses a clinical, radiological, and laboratory diagnosis. CANOMAD is a rare condition, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the literature. The understanding and diagnosis of the disease have improved in the last few years, but the treatment of CANOMAD is mainly unknown, and there is not a clear consensus about it. We conducted a systematic review regarding the efficacy of rituximab in CANOMAD's treatment to investigate the clinical and biological response of CANOMAD in patients treated with rituximab. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines for this systematic review. To analyze the bias of the study, we used the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist to analyze the bias of the case reports, and we used the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for the observational studies. We only included case reports, case series, and observational studies written in English with patients formally diagnosed with CANOMAD and treated with rituximab. We excluded systematic reviews, literature reviews, and meta-analyses. We investigated the clinical and biological responses of the patients to rituximab. The clinical response was classified as complete recovery (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and non-response (NR). We gathered 34 patients. The literature uses a modified Rankin score to define complete improvement (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progression. Clinically, there were three patients with CR, five with PR, 15 with SD, and 11 with progression. The biological response was assessed by measuring the decrease in antibody titers in 27 patients. Among those, six patients had CR, 12 had PR, eight had SD, and one had progression. Among 15 patients with neurological evaluation, 10 had ocular symptoms, and two presented with bulbar symptoms. Seven of the ten patients with ocular symptoms had SD, two had PR, and one had progression. Only 14 patients had a report of demyelinating features. Three had an axonal pattern, six had a demyelinating pattern, and five had a mixed pattern. Among patients with an axonal pattern, three had an SD. Among patients with a demyelinating pattern, three had a PR, two had an SD, and one had progression. Among patients with a mixed pattern, four had SD, and one had progression. We concluded that patients with CR have a shorter disease duration than patients with PR, SD, or progression. In addition, patients with CR had longer follow-ups than the other groups, suggesting that being treated early with rituximab improves the clinical outcome and has a sustained effect. There were no differences in the frequency of ocular and bulbar symptoms among patients with CANOMAD. The axonal pattern is more common in patients with SD, suggesting that axonal and mixed patterns could be markers of a bad prognosis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.39237
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Article: Isolation, characterization, and immunomodulatory activity evaluation of probiotic strains from colostrum and canine milk.

Quilodrán-Vega, Sandra Rayén / Muñoz-Flores, Carolina / Pino, Ana / Buldres, Paula / Sandoval, Felipe / Aguirre, Alex / Portillo, Brígida / Parra, Natalie / Altamirano, Claudia / Albarracín, Leonardo / Villena, Julio / Toledo, Jorge R

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1266064

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to characterize potential probiotic strains for use in dogs to prevent infectious enteropathies. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from canine milk and colostrum were characterized according to their functional properties, ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to characterize potential probiotic strains for use in dogs to prevent infectious enteropathies. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from canine milk and colostrum were characterized according to their functional properties, including their resistance to gastrointestinal conditions, inhibitory effect against pathogens, and intestinal adhesion. Methods: The immunomodulatory effects of the strains were also analyzed in Results: The TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains induced a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TLR2 in canine macrophages. The oral administration of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains to mice significantly augmented their resistance to pathogenic Conclusion: Both strains, TUCO-16 and TUCO-17, are potential probiotic candidates for improving intestinal health in dogs, particularly for their ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative pathogens common in gastrointestinal infections and modulate the animal's immune response. Further studies are required to effectively demonstrate the beneficial effects of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains in dogs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1266064
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Article: Arginine for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes: A Systematic Review.

Argudo, Jennifer M / Astudillo Moncayo, Olga M / Insuasti, Walter / Garofalo, Gabriela / Aguirre, Alex S / Encalada, Sebastian / Villamarin, Jose / Oña, Sebastian / Tenemaza, Maria Gabriela / Eissa-Garcés, Ahmed / Matcheswalla, Sakina / Ortiz, Juan Fernando

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 12, Page(s) e32709

Abstract: Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a mitochondrial disease that lacks a definitive treatment. Lately, there has been an increased interest in the scientific community about the role of arginine in ... ...

Abstract	Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a mitochondrial disease that lacks a definitive treatment. Lately, there has been an increased interest in the scientific community about the role of arginine in the short and long-term settings of the disease. We aim to conduct a systematic review of the clinical use of arginine in the management of MELAS and explore the role of arginine in the pathophysiology of the disease. We used PubMed advanced-strategy searches and only included full-text clinical trials on humans written in the English language. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, four clinical trials were reviewed. We used the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol for this systematic review. We used the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool to assess the bias encountered in each study. Overall, IV arginine seems to be effective in improving symptoms during acute attacks of MELAS, while oral arginine supplementation increases endothelial function, preventing further stroke-like episodes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.32709
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Article: Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pacheco, Kimberly / Ortiz, Juan Fernando / Parwani, Jashank / Cruz, Claudio / Yépez, Mario / Buj, Maja / Khurana, Mahika / Ojeda, Diego / Iturburu, Alisson / Aguirre, Alex S / Yuen, Ray / Datta, Shae

Neurology international

2022 Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 488–496

Abstract: 1) Background: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) encompasses a clinical and radiological diagnosis characterized by recurrent thunderclap headache, with or without focal deficits due to multifocal arterial vasoconstriction and ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) encompasses a clinical and radiological diagnosis characterized by recurrent thunderclap headache, with or without focal deficits due to multifocal arterial vasoconstriction and dilation. RCVS can be correlated to pregnancy and exposure to certain drugs. Currently, the data on prevalence of RCVS in the postpartum period is lacking. We aim to investigate the prevalence of RCVS in the postpartum period and the rate of hemorrhagic complications of RCVS among the same group of patients; (2) Methods: We conducted the metanalysis by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) protocol. To analyze the Bias, we used the Ottawa Newcastle scale tool. We included only full-text observational studies conducted on humans and written in English. We excluded Literature Reviews, Systematic Reviews, and Metanalysis. Additionally, we excluded articles that did not document the prevalence of RCVS in the postpartum period (3). Results: According to our analysis, the Prevalence of RCVS in the postpartum period was 129/1083 (11.9%). Of these, 51/100 (52.7%) patients had hemorrhagic RCVS vs. 49/101 (49.5%) with non-hemorrhagic RCVS. The rates of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) were (51.6% and 10.7%, respectively. ICH seems to be more common than.; (4) Conclusions: Among patients with RCVS, the prevalence in PP patients is relativity high. Pregnant women with RCVS have a higher recurrence of hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic RCVS. Regarding the type of Hemorrhagic RCVS, ICH is more common than SAH among patients in the postpartum period. Female Sex, history of migraine, and older age group (above 45) seem to be risk factors for H-RCVS. Furthermore, recurrence of RCVS is associated with a higher age group (above 45). Recurrence of RCVS is more commonly idiopathic than being triggered by vasoactive drugs in the postpartum period.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2514727-4
ISSN	2035-8377 ; 2035-8385
ISSN (online)	2035-8377
ISSN	2035-8385
DOI	10.3390/neurolint14020040
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Article ; Online: Neuroimaging in the Rare Sleep Disorder of Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Ortiz, Juan Fernando / Argudo, Jennifer M / Yépez, Mario / Moncayo, Juan Andrés / Tamton, Hyder / Aguirre, Alex S / Patel, Ghanshyam / Sen, Meghdeep / Mistry, Ayushi / Yuen, Ray / Eissa-Garces, Ahmed / Ojeda, Diego / Ruxmohan, Samir

Clocks & sleep

2022 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 287–299

Abstract: Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is characterized by episodes of hypersomnia. Additionally, these patients can present with hyperphagia, hypersexuality, abnormal behavior, and cognitive dysfunction. Functional neuroimaging studies such as fMRI-BOLD, Positron ... ...

Abstract	Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is characterized by episodes of hypersomnia. Additionally, these patients can present with hyperphagia, hypersexuality, abnormal behavior, and cognitive dysfunction. Functional neuroimaging studies such as fMRI-BOLD, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or SPECT help us understand the neuropathological bases of different disorders. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the neuroimaging features of KLS patients and their clinical correlations. This systematic review was conducted by following the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and PRISMA protocol reporting guidelines. We aim to investigate the clinical correlation with neuroimaging among patients with KLS. We included only studies written in the English language in the last 20 years, conducted on humans; 10 studies were included. We excluded systematic reviews, metanalysis, and case reports. We found that there are changes in functional imaging studies during the symptomatic and asymptomatic periods as well as in between episodes in patients with K.L.S. The areas most reported as affected were the hypothalamic and thalamic regions, which showed hypoperfusion and, in a few cases, hyperperfusion; areas such as the frontal, parietal, occipital and the prefrontal cortex all showed alterations in cerebral perfusion. These changes in cerebral blood flow and regions vary according to the imaging (SPECT, PET SCAN, or fMRI) and the task performed while imaging was performed. We encountered conflicting data between studies. Hyper insomnia, the main feature of this disease during the symptomatic periods, was associated with decreased thalamic activity. Other features of K.L.S., such as apathy, hypersexuality, and depersonalization, were also correlated with functional imaging changes. There were also findings that correlated with working memory deficits seen in this stage during the asymptomatic periods. Hyperactivity of the thalamus and hypothalamus were the main features shown during the asymptomatic period. Additionally, functional imaging tends to improve with a longer course of the disease, which suggests that K.L.S. patients outgrow the disease. These findings should caution physicians when analyzing and correlating neuroimaging findings with the disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2624-5175
ISSN (online)	2624-5175
DOI	10.3390/clockssleep4020025
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