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  1. Article: An Unusual Case of Lorlatinib-Induced Pneumonitis: A Case Report.

    Harrison, Philippa Kate / Boland, Helen E / Aherne, Noel J / Palmieri, David J

    Case reports in oncology

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 225–230

    Abstract: The discovery of tyrosine kinase oncogenic driver mutations, including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), has changed the face of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Whilst the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has improved survival, ... ...

    Abstract The discovery of tyrosine kinase oncogenic driver mutations, including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), has changed the face of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Whilst the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has improved survival, with their increasing use, it is important to be aware of the risks of rare yet serious adverse events, such as drug-induced pulmonary toxicity. Whilst little is known in regard to drug-induced pneumonitis in the setting of ALK inhibitors, such reactions carry a high morbidity and mortality rate, impacting greatly upon options for further treatment and management. We describe the case of a 73-year-old female with metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC who developed subacute dyspnoea 3 weeks after commencing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2458961-5
    ISSN 1662-6575
    ISSN 1662-6575
    DOI 10.1159/000520158
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Radiation-Induced Gliomas.

    Aherne, Noel J / Murphy, Brona M

    Critical reviews in oncogenesis

    2018  Volume 23, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 113–118

    Abstract: Radiation therapy has been a cornerstone of cancer management for many decades and is an integral part of the multi-modality care of patients with brain tumors. The known serious side effects of radiation therapy on the head or central nervous system are ...

    Abstract Radiation therapy has been a cornerstone of cancer management for many decades and is an integral part of the multi-modality care of patients with brain tumors. The known serious side effects of radiation therapy on the head or central nervous system are uncommon and include radiation necrosis, microangiopathy, and progressive leukencephalopathy. In addition, there have been descriptions of radiation-induced tumors including sarcomas, gliomas, lymphomas, and carcinomas of the thyroid. Patients who have received radiation therapy of the head or face may rarely develop radiation-induced tumors, a majority of which are meningiomas, followed by radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs) and sarcomas. The increased risk of RIGs is well described in both the pediatric and adult populations and after the use of both therapeutic and diagnostic radiations. The incidence of RIGs is estimated at approximately 0.5-2.7% at a latent period of approximately 15 years. The risk appears to be dependent on patient age at treatment, as well as radiation dose and treatment volume considerations. The scope of this review focuses on the etiology, clinical features, and management of RIGs as they relate to previous radiation therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers ; Brain Neoplasms/etiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/radiation effects ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glioma/diagnosis ; Glioma/epidemiology ; Glioma/etiology ; Glioma/therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Radiotherapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1036388-9
    ISSN 0893-9675
    ISSN 0893-9675
    DOI 10.1615/CritRevOncog.2018025740
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients.

    Shi, Kate / Westhuyzen, Justin / Gortman, Aron / Shakespeare, Thomas P / Aherne, Noel J

    Annals of clinical and laboratory science

    2022  Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–39

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in a cohort of triple-negative breast cancer patients (TNBC) treated in a regional cancer center.: Methods: The electronic medical records of 214 consecutive patients ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in a cohort of triple-negative breast cancer patients (TNBC) treated in a regional cancer center.
    Methods: The electronic medical records of 214 consecutive patients treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. The prognostic significance of the NLR for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was examined in relation to clinical and treatment-related factors. Overall survival and DFS were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method; Cox semi-parametric regression modelling was used for multivariate analysis.
    Results: Ninety patients were eligible; median follow-up was 45.6 months (range, 6-105 months). The 3-year OS rate was 77.9% and the 5-year OS rate 61.7%. Patients with an NLR of ≤1.7 had significantly better DFS (
    Conclusion: While NLR is associated with survival in TNBC patients on univariate analysis, the prognostic value of NLR is likely due to its association with other clinicopathological factors.
    MeSH term(s) Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Neutrophils/pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193092-8
    ISSN 1550-8080 ; 0091-7370 ; 0095-8905
    ISSN (online) 1550-8080
    ISSN 0091-7370 ; 0095-8905
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Bone health assessment with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in men with high-risk prostate carcinoma commencing adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy.

    Pan, Belinda / Aherne, Noel J / Shakespeare, Thomas P / Grossmann, Mathis / Wong, Peter K K

    Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 677–683

    Abstract: Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a key component of therapy for patients with high-risk prostate carcinoma, but it may be deleterious for bone health. We sought to determine the frequency of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a key component of therapy for patients with high-risk prostate carcinoma, but it may be deleterious for bone health. We sought to determine the frequency of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning in patients commencing adjuvant ADT for treatment of high-risk prostate cancer at a large integrated regional cancer centre.
    Material and methods: The electronic medical records (EMR) of all patients with high-risk prostate carcinoma commenced on adjuvant ADT between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017 at the Mid-North Coast Cancer Institute, Coffs Harbour, Australia were reviewed. Patients commenced on neoadjuvant ADT and long-term suppressive ADT for metastatic disease were excluded. The following data were obtained: socio-demographic information, prostate cancer data, ADT details and DXA results.
    Results: 188 men (mean age ± SD, 75.4 ± 7 years) were commenced on adjuvant ADT for a total duration (mean ± SD) of 23.4 ± 7 months. Most (n = 155/188, 82%) were commenced on
    Conclusion: A high level (85%) of DXA scanning in men commencing ADT for prostate cancer can be achieved at a regional centre. The high prevalence (72%) of low bone mass in our unselected cohort underscores the importance of routine DXA scanning to guide bone health management during ADT.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-19
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188087-6
    ISSN 1507-1367
    ISSN 1507-1367
    DOI 10.5603/RPOR.a2022.0069
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Mathematical oncology and it's application in non melanoma skin cancer - A primer for radiation oncology professionals.

    Aherne, Noel J / Dhawan, Andrew / Scott, Jacob G / Enderling, Heiko

    Oral oncology

    2020  Volume 103, Page(s) 104473

    Abstract: Cancers of the skin (the majority of which are basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, but also include the rarer Merkel cell carcinoma) are overwhelmingly the most common of all types of cancer. Most of these are treated surgically, with radiation ... ...

    Abstract Cancers of the skin (the majority of which are basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, but also include the rarer Merkel cell carcinoma) are overwhelmingly the most common of all types of cancer. Most of these are treated surgically, with radiation reserved for those patients with high risk features or anatomical locations less suitable for surgery. Given the high incidence of both basal and squamous cell carcinomas, as well as the relatively poor outcome for Merkel cell carcinoma, it is useful to investigate the role of other disciplines regarding their diagnosis, staging and treatment. Mathematical modelling is one such area of investigation. The use of mathematical modelling is a relatively recent addition to the armamentarium of cancer treatment. It has long been recognised that tumour growth and treatment response is a complex, non-linear biological phenomenon with many mechanisms yet to be understood. Despite decades of research, including clinical, population and basic science approaches, we continue to be challenged by the complexity, heterogeneity and adaptability of tumours, both in individual patients in the oncology clinic and across wider patient populations. Prospective clinical trials predominantly focus on average outcome, with little understanding as to why individual patients may or may not respond. The use of mathematical models may lead to a greater understanding of tumour initiation, growth dynamics and treatment response.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Precision Medicine/methods ; Radiation Oncologists ; Radiation Oncology/methods ; Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1120465-5
    ISSN 1879-0593 ; 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    ISSN (online) 1879-0593
    ISSN 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    DOI 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104473
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Androgen Receptor Status in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Does It Correlate with Clinicopathological Characteristics?

    Dubrava, Alex L / Kyaw, Pan Su Pyae / Newman, Joseph / Pringle, Jarrad / Westhuyzen, Justin / La Hera Fuentes, Gina / Shakespeare, Thomas P / Sakalkale, Renukadas / Aherne, Noel J

    Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press)

    2023  Volume 15, Page(s) 359–371

    Abstract: Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast carcinoma subtype that neither expresses estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) nor the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Patients with TNBC have been shown to have poorer ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast carcinoma subtype that neither expresses estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) nor the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Patients with TNBC have been shown to have poorer outcomes mainly owing to the limited treatment options available. However, some studies have shown TNBC tumors expressing androgen receptors (AR), raising hopes of its prognostic role.
    Patients and methods: This retrospective study investigated the expression of AR in TNBC and its relationship with known patient demographics, tumor and survival characteristics. From the records of 205 TNBC patients, 36 had available archived tissue samples eligible for AR staining. For statistical purposes, tumors were classified as either "positive" or "negative" for AR expression. The nuclear expression of AR was scored by measuring the percentage of stained tumor cells and its staining intensity.
    Results: AR was expressed by 50% of the tissue samples in our TNBC cohort. The relationship between AR status with age at the time of TNBC diagnosis was statistically significant, with all AR positive TNBC patients being greater than 50 years old (vs 72.2% in AR negative TNBC). Also, the relationship between AR status and type of surgery received was statistically significant. There were no statistically significant associations between AR status with other tumor characteristics including "TNM status", tumor grade or treatments received. There was no statistically significant difference in median survival between AR negative and AR positive TNBC patients (3.5 vs 3.1 years; p = 0.581). The relationship between OS time and AR status (p = 0.581), type of surgery (p = 0.061) and treatments (p = 0.917) were not statistically significant.
    Conclusion: The androgen receptor may be an important prognostic marker in TNBC, with further research warranted. This research may benefit future studies investigating receptor-targeted therapies in TNBC.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-11
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2520722-2
    ISSN 1179-1314
    ISSN 1179-1314
    DOI 10.2147/BCTT.S405719
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Choosing between conventional and hypofractionated prostate cancer radiation therapy: Results from a study of shared decision-making.

    Shakespeare, Thomas P / Westhuyzen, Justin / Lim Yew Fai, Tracy / Aherne, Noel J

    Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology

    2020  Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 193–199

    Abstract: Aim: To evaluate patient choice of prostate cancer radiotherapy fractionation, using a decision aid.: Background: Recent ASTRO guidelines recommend patients with localised prostate cancer be offered moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy after ...

    Abstract Aim: To evaluate patient choice of prostate cancer radiotherapy fractionation, using a decision aid.
    Background: Recent ASTRO guidelines recommend patients with localised prostate cancer be offered moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy after discussing increased acute toxicity and uncertainty of long-term results compared to conventional fractionation.
    Materials and methods: A decision aid was designed to outline the benefits and potential downsides of conventionally and moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy. The aid incorporated the ASTRO guideline to outline risks and benefits.
    Results: In all, 124 patients with localised prostate cancer were seen from June-December 2018. Median age was 72 (range 50-90), 49.6 % were intermediate risk (50.4 % high risk). All except three patients made a choice using the aid; the three undecided patients were hypofractionated. In all, 33.9 % of patients chose hypofractionation: falling to 25.3 % for patients under 75 years, 24.3 % for patients living within 30 miles of the cancer centre, and 14.3 % for patients with baseline gastrointestinal symptoms. On multivariate analysis, younger age, proximity to the centre, and having baseline gastrointestinal symptoms significantly predicted for choosing conventional fractionation. Insurance status, attending clinician, baseline genitourinary symptoms, work/carer status, ECOG, cancer risk group and driving status did not impact choice. Reasons for choosing conventional fractionation were certainty of long-term results (84 %) and lower acute bowel toxicity (51 %).
    Conclusions: Most patients declined the convenience of moderate hypofractionation due to potentially increased acute toxicity, and the uncertainty of long-term outcomes. We advocate that no patient should be offered hypofractionation without a thorough discussion of uncertainty and acute toxicity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188087-6
    ISSN 1507-1367
    ISSN 1507-1367
    DOI 10.1016/j.rpor.2019.12.028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Effect of Clinical and Treatment Factors on Survival Outcomes of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients.

    Wen, Shelly / Manuel, Lucy / Doolan, Moira / Westhuyzen, Justin / Shakespeare, Thomas P / Aherne, Noel J

    Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press)

    2020  Volume 12, Page(s) 27–35

    Abstract: Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancer cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. In this retrospective study of patients undergoing radiation therapy as part of their treatment, disease-free ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancer cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. In this retrospective study of patients undergoing radiation therapy as part of their treatment, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of TNBC patients were examined in relation to clinical and treatment-related factors.
    Patients and methods: The electronic records of 214 consecutive TNBC patients treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy at the Mid North Coast Cancer Institute between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Overall survival and DFS times were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method; multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression modelling was used to assess the significance of prognostic factors.
    Results: The majority of tumors were T1 (51.9%), followed by T2 (39.2%) and T3 (6.1%). For the whole group, mean DFS was 106.4 (SD 48.7) months; OS 109.4 (SD 52.1) months. Radiotherapy technique, fractionation protocol and laterality were not significant factors for DFS or OS (
    Conclusion: Advanced disease exhibited by tumor size > 5cm and positive nodal status is associated with poorer DFS in TNBC patients. Radiotherapy technique or fractionation protocol were not associated with differences in DFS or OS in our patient cohort.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-06
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2520722-2
    ISSN 1179-1314
    ISSN 1179-1314
    DOI 10.2147/BCTT.S236483
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes with long-term follow up.

    Gortman, Aron / Aherne, Noel J / Westhuyzen, Justin / Amalaseelan, Julan V / Dwyer, Patrick M / Hoffmann, Matthew / Last, Andrew T / Shakespeare, Thomas P

    Molecular and clinical oncology

    2021  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 178

    Abstract: Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an uncommon subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma with a tendency towards poorer clinical outcomes. Following ethical approval, the current study reviewed the institutional records of ~2,500 women with breast cancer. A ... ...

    Abstract Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an uncommon subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma with a tendency towards poorer clinical outcomes. Following ethical approval, the current study reviewed the institutional records of ~2,500 women with breast cancer. A total of 14 cases of metaplastic breast cancer were reviewed for management and treatment outcomes. The results demonstrated that patients had median follow up of 30 months, a 5-year disease-free survival of 57.1% and 5-year overall survival of 57.1%. The majority of patients had at least T2 disease and all tumours were high grade. Additionally, most patients were triple negative and nodal metastases were uncommon. Metaplastic breast cancer is an aggressive variant of invasive breast cancer. Most patients can be treated with breast conservation and survival parameters tend to be worse than more common breast cancer subtypes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2796865-0
    ISSN 2049-9469 ; 2049-9450
    ISSN (online) 2049-9469
    ISSN 2049-9450
    DOI 10.3892/mco.2021.2340
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Patterns of relapse following hippocampal avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation for small cell lung carcinoma.

    Cook, Theresa A / Hoffmann, Matthew R / Ross, Amie J / Turnbull, Kirsty J / Westhuyzen, Justin / Aherne, Noel J

    Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 968–975

    Abstract: Background: Hippocampal avoidance techniques are an evolving standard of care for patients undergoing cranial irradiation. Our aim was to assess the oncological outcomes and patterns of failure following hippocampal avoidance prophylactic cranial ... ...

    Abstract Background: Hippocampal avoidance techniques are an evolving standard of care for patients undergoing cranial irradiation. Our aim was to assess the oncological outcomes and patterns of failure following hippocampal avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation (HA-PCI) as a standard of care in unselected patients with both limited and extensive stage small cell lung carcinoma.
    Materials and methods: Consecutive patients with small cell lung carcinoma with a complete (limited stage) or good partial (extensive stage) response following chemotherapy were eligible to receive HA-PCI, with a total dose of 25 Gray in 10 fractions. All patients had a negative baseline MRI brain scan with gadolinium prior to HA-PCI. Patients had baseline and follow up Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Event assessments. Following completion of HA-PCI, all patients had three-monthly MRI brain scans with gadolinium until confirmation of intracranial relapse, as well as three-monthly CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Overall and progression-free survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
    Results: A total of 17 consecutive patients, 9 men and 8 women, with a mean age of 70 years received HA-PCI between May 2016 and June 2020 after completion of their initial chemotherapy. There were no Grade 4 or greater adverse events. No patient had an isolated hippocampal avoidance zone relapse alone; three of 17 patients had multifocal relapses that included the hippocampal avoidance zone.
    Conclusion: In our series, there were no hippocampal only relapses and we conclude that HA-PCI is a safe alternative to standard PCI in the setting of small cell lung cancer.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-30
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188087-6
    ISSN 1507-1367
    ISSN 1507-1367
    DOI 10.5603/RPOR.a2021.0119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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