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  1. Article: Multinodular goitre surgery complications and directly observed surgeons' skills: A prospective double-blind observational cohort study.

    Ahmad, Hafiz Naweed / Ahmad, Fayyaz

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2022  Volume 72, Issue 5, Page(s) 843–849

    Abstract: Objective: To study multinodular goitre patients' surgery by direct observation of surgical technique, and to compare complications with surgeons' skills and experience, for improved training of future thyroid surgeons.: Methods: Based on positivist ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To study multinodular goitre patients' surgery by direct observation of surgical technique, and to compare complications with surgeons' skills and experience, for improved training of future thyroid surgeons.
    Methods: Based on positivist epistemology and analytical observational design, this prospective double-blind study of a cohort of multinodular goitre patients operated upon by variedly experienced surgeons, was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur and Nishtar Medical University Hospital Multan, Pakistan, from December 2016 to April 2019. Patients were admitted through outpatient department and operated upon in routine operation lists. The surgeons were specialists/senior registrars, assistant professors, associate professors and professors. The patients were divided into two virtual groups: the one operated upon by surgeons with >3 years of post-fellowship experience and the other operated upon by surgeons with <3 years of post-fellowship experience. Surgeries were directly observed and differences in surgical technique and complications were recorded for respective groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
    Results: Of the 134 patients, there were 73(54.5%) in group 1 and 61(45.5%) in group 2. Overall, there were 119(88.8%) females and 15(11.2%) males. The overall mean age was 37.17±13.41 years (range: 14-80 years). Of the 25 surgeons, 13(52%) were in group 1 and 12(48%) in group 2. Group 1 had fewer complications compared to group 2, which on certain parameters was statistically significant (p<0.05).
    Conclusions: Surgeons' experience and technique were found to have significant relationship with the rate of complications. Direct observation of surgeries is significant for real life evaluation and training of junior surgeons.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Female ; Goiter ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Surgeons ; Thyroidectomy/methods ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-18
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.1401
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: How does the development of digital inclusive finance in China affect green technology innovation? A theoretical mechanism study and empirical analysis.

    Zhang, Na / Deng, Jinqian / Jiang, Yunliang / Ahmad, Fayyaz

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 24, Page(s) 66254–66273

    Abstract: This study employed fixed effects (FE) models, difference-in-differences (DID) methods, and mediating effect (ME) models to explore the total effect, structural effect, heterogeneous characteristics, and impact mechanism of digital inclusive finance (DIF) ...

    Abstract This study employed fixed effects (FE) models, difference-in-differences (DID) methods, and mediating effect (ME) models to explore the total effect, structural effect, heterogeneous characteristics, and impact mechanism of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on green technology innovation (GTI) from 2011 to 2020. We derived the following results. First, DIF can significantly improve the level of GTI, and the positive role of internet digital inclusive finance is greater than that of traditional banks, but the three dimensions of the DIF index have different impacts on such innovation. Second, the impact of DIF on GTI has a "siphon effect," which is significantly promoted in regions with stronger economic power and inhibited in those with weaker economic power. Finally, there is an influence mechanism of "digital inclusive finance → financing constraints → green technology innovation." Our findings provide evidence to establish a lasting effect mechanism for DIF to promote GTI, and they have important reference value for other countries to develop DIF.
    MeSH term(s) China ; Internet ; Reference Values ; Technology ; Economic Development
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-023-27072-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: From crisis to resilience: strengthening climate action in OECD countries through environmental policy and energy transition.

    Ma, Rui / Abid, Nabila / Yang, Suchang / Ahmad, Fayyaz

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 54, Page(s) 115480–115495

    Abstract: Climate change represents a grave challenge to the global economy, environment, and societal well-being, jeopardizing their long-term sustainability. In response to this urgent issue, the study emphasizes the significance of environmental policy and ... ...

    Abstract Climate change represents a grave challenge to the global economy, environment, and societal well-being, jeopardizing their long-term sustainability. In response to this urgent issue, the study emphasizes the significance of environmental policy and energy transitions as fundamental factors in addressing the climate change crisis. The research draws upon data from OECD countries spanning the period between 1990 and 2020, utilizing robust econometric techniques to assess data properties. The study utilizes a comprehensive CS-ARDL model, incorporating multiple control variables like non-renewable energy GDP, foreign direct investment (FDI), and research and development (R&D). The results show that environmental policy and energy transitions are effective in reducing climate change impacts in the form of CO
    MeSH term(s) Environmental Policy ; Renewable Energy ; Carbon Dioxide ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; Economic Development ; Investments
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-023-29970-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Determination of affected brain regions at various stages of Alzheimer's disease.

    Ahmad, Fayyaz / Javed, Muqaddas / Athar, Muhammad / Shahzadi, Samra

    Neuroscience research

    2023  Volume 192, Page(s) 77–82

    Abstract: The objective of study was to explore those brain areas that were affected at each stage during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Six affected brain areas were explored at mild cognitive impairment, four at first stage and six at each of ... ...

    Abstract The objective of study was to explore those brain areas that were affected at each stage during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Six affected brain areas were explored at mild cognitive impairment, four at first stage and six at each of second and third stage of Alzheimer's disease. The common brain regions among these stages were cuneus, precuneus, calcarine cortex, middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal superior medial gyrus. The fMRI data at the resting state of 18 AD patients who were converted from MCI to stage 3 of Alzheimer's were taken from ADNI public source database. Among these patients, there were ten males and eight females. Independent component analysis was used to explore affected brain regions and an algorithm based on deep learning convolutional neural network was proposed for binary classification among the stages of Alzheimer's disease. The proposed CNN model delivered 94.6 % accuracy for separating stage 1 of Alzheimer's disease from mild cognitive impairment. 96.7 % accuracy was acquired to distinguish stage 2 of Alzheimer's disease from mild cognitive impairment, and stage 3 of Alzheimer's disease was separated from mild cognitive impairment with an accuracy of 97.8 %.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging ; Algorithms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-20
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605842-5
    ISSN 1872-8111 ; 0168-0102 ; 0921-8696
    ISSN (online) 1872-8111
    ISSN 0168-0102 ; 0921-8696
    DOI 10.1016/j.neures.2023.01.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Exploring the ecological protection impacts of cultivated land transfer: Explanation based on fertilizers and pesticides

    Xu, Hui / Fan, Zhixiong / Ahmad, Fayyaz / Zhang, Dawei

    Ecological Indicators. 2023, p.110681-

    2023  , Page(s) 110681–

    Abstract: The ecological protection of cultivated land (EPCL) is of great significance for enhancing its sustainable use and is also a practical material vehicle for maintaining national food security. Using data from a sample of 7,473 rural households from the ... ...

    Abstract The ecological protection of cultivated land (EPCL) is of great significance for enhancing its sustainable use and is also a practical material vehicle for maintaining national food security. Using data from a sample of 7,473 rural households from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey, this paper applies an endogenous switching regression model and Fields decomposition method to assess the impact of cultivated land transfer (CLT) on EPCL (i.e., fertilizer and pesticide input intensity, abbreviations is FPII). The empirical results show that farmers' participation in CLT can significantly reduce FPII. When it is assumed that households not participating in CLT participate in CLT, their FPII would be reduced by 52.4% and 17.6% respectively. The study further confirms that CLT has a positive effect on EPCL, contributing 5.7% and 7.5% to the reduction of FPII, respectively. In addition, agricultural subsidies, cultivated land titling, the size of cultivated land, the use of large-scale machinery, pollution of cultivated land, and farm income all positively affect farming households' participation in CLT. Therefore, based on CLT, promoting large-scale and mechanized cultivated land management and deepening EPCL with the goal of reducing fertilizer and pesticide use (FPU) are important approaches for enhancing the sustainable use of cultivated land.
    Keywords agricultural land ; family resource management ; farm income ; fertilizers ; food security ; land management ; pesticides ; pollution ; regression analysis ; surveys ; China ; Cultivated land transfer ; Ecological protection ; Endogenous switching regression ; Fertilizer inputs ; Pesticide inputs ; EPCL ; CLT ; FPII ; FP ; FPU
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2036774-0
    ISSN 1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
    ISSN (online) 1872-7034
    ISSN 1470-160X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110681
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: A blessing or a burden? Assessing the impact of climate change mitigation efforts in Europe using quantile regression models

    Abid, Nabila / Ahmad, Fayyaz / Aftab, Junaid / Razzaq, Asif

    Energy Policy. 2023, p.113589-

    2023  , Page(s) 113589–

    Abstract: Climate change received substantial attention because of its implications on all spheres of life. This study examined the effects of climate change mitigation on the economic, environmental, and social development of 18 European countries based on the ... ...

    Abstract Climate change received substantial attention because of its implications on all spheres of life. This study examined the effects of climate change mitigation on the economic, environmental, and social development of 18 European countries based on the environmental performance index for data from 1981 to 2018; control variables include foreign direct investment, trade openness, renewable and non-renewable energy, population growth and life expectancy. Panel quantile regression result shows that climate change mitigation is ineffective in promoting economic growth in an aggregate manner; only high and moderate environmental performance ranking countries manage to spur economic growth and social development. Low environmental performance rankings countries reveal no impact of climate change mitigation. Climate change mitigation promotes environmental development for all countries. Trade openness and energy choices are crucial to ensure climate change mitigation efforts. Findings indicate that the European Union needs well-designed strict policies that emphasize and help countries increase the share of renewable energy compared to fossil fuels and promote the integration of climate mitigation technology at the national and regional level through lenient tariffs, subsidization, financial aid, and technical assistance that help low economic growth countries accelerate the transition that is required to achieve overall economic, social, and environmental goals.
    Keywords European Union ; climate ; climate change ; economic development ; energy ; energy policy ; environmental performance ; foreign direct investment ; longevity ; nonrenewable resources ; population growth ; regression analysis ; renewable energy sources ; trade ; Europe ; Climate change mitigation ; Economic growth ; Environmental development ; Social development ; Panel quantile regression
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ISSN 0301-4215
    DOI 10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113589
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Research and development for a carbon-neutral future and the status of EKC in G7 economies: evidence from CSARDL approach.

    Xu, Qi / Khan, Salim / Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel / Ahmad, Fayyaz

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 53, Page(s) 114140–114151

    Abstract: Climate change issues present substantial obstacles to the global community's stability and humanity's overall welfare. Reducing carbon emissions is crucial in attaining environmental sustainability and addressing the consequences of SDG 13 (climate ... ...

    Abstract Climate change issues present substantial obstacles to the global community's stability and humanity's overall welfare. Reducing carbon emissions is crucial in attaining environmental sustainability and addressing the consequences of SDG 13 (climate actions). The G7 nations, representing some of the largest economies globally and significantly contributing to global carbon emissions, have achieved certain advancements in mitigating their carbon footprint. Nevertheless, the attainment of carbon neutrality continues to pose a substantial obstacle. This study examines the mechanisms leading to environmental sustainability in G7 economies, explicitly emphasizing the contribution of research and development (R&D) toward attaining carbon neutrality. The present study utilizes G7 data from 1990 to 2020 to conduct an empirical analysis employing a cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CSARDL) panel model. The primary objective of this investigation is to examine the influence of R&D expenditure (R&DE) on carbon emissions metric ton (CO2Mt). Furthermore, this study investigates the current state of the EKC in the economies of the G7 nations, as well as the influence of renewable energy (RE) and non-renewable energy (NRE) on CO2Mt. The results suggest that R&DE is critical in mitigating CO2Mt and attaining carbon neutrality. The study also validates the EKC implies a negative and non-linear relationship between growth and CO2Mt. Moreover, renewable and non-renewable energy validate their respective negative and positive effects on CO2Mt. The findings of our study offer valuable insights for policymakers in the G7 nations, aiding them in developing effective regulatory measures for achieving carbon neutrality goals.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Social Conditions ; Carbon ; Carbon Footprint ; Research ; Carbon Dioxide ; Economic Development ; Renewable Energy
    Chemical Substances Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-023-30037-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Durability of metallic coating for improvement of thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing

    Naeem, Jawad / Mazari, Adnan / Naeem, Muhammad Salman / Rasheed, Abher / Ahmad, Fayyaz / Ahmad, Sheraz

    The Journal of The Textile Institute. 2023 May 4, v. 114, no. 5 p.820-833

    2023  

    Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the durability of metallic coating for firefighter protective clothing when subjected to different washing cycles. Firefighter clothing ensemble consists of three layers, i.e. outer shell, moisture barrier, ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the durability of metallic coating for firefighter protective clothing when subjected to different washing cycles. Firefighter clothing ensemble consists of three layers, i.e. outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal liner. The exposed surface of the outer shell was coated with silver particles through the physical vapor deposition process also called Magnetron sputtering. Afterwards, these specimens were exposed to radiant heat transmission machine at 30 kW/m² and 40 kW/m², respectively. It was found that specimens coated with silver particles showed improved thermal protective performance as compared to uncoated specimens. Later on, silver-coated specimens undergo five cycles of washing and their thermal protective performance in terms of transmitted heat flux density Qc (kW/m²) and radiant heat transmission index (RHTI 24 and RHTI 12) was measured. It was found that after five washing cycles, there was a negligible decline in thermal protective performance when exposed to 40 kW/m². Afterwards, bending moment and water vapor resistance properties were measured before and after five washing cycles. It was inferred that there was no considerable difference in bending moment and water vapor resistance after different washing cycles, which confirmed stability of silver coating layers. However, when silver-coated outer shells were evaluated for abrasion resistance, there was a substantial decline in thermal protective performance on exposure to 40 kW/m² after one hundred to five hundred cycles of abrasion.
    Keywords abrasion resistance ; decline ; durability ; fabrics ; fire fighters ; heat transfer ; protective clothing ; silver ; water vapor ; Thermal protective performance (TPP) ; physical vapor deposition (PVD) ; radiant heat transmission index ; transmitted heat flux density
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0504
    Size p. 820-833.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1754-2340
    DOI 10.1080/00405000.2022.2085542
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Sustainable maize production and climatic change in Nepal: robust role of climatic and non-climatic factors in the long-run and short-run

    Chandio, Abbas Ali / Akram, Waqar / Bashir, Uzma / Ahmad, Fayyaz / Adeel, Sultan / Jiang, Yuansheng

    Environ Dev Sustain. 2023 Feb., v. 25, no. 2 p.1614-1644

    2023  

    Abstract: Among all other leading challenges of this century, climate change affects people’s livelihoods, particularly those residing in rural areas. This study is the first attempt to assess the Long-run (LR) and Short-run (SR) impacts of climatic factors, ... ...

    Abstract Among all other leading challenges of this century, climate change affects people’s livelihoods, particularly those residing in rural areas. This study is the first attempt to assess the Long-run (LR) and Short-run (SR) impacts of climatic factors, namely CO₂ emissions, temperature, and precipitation on maize production in Nepal from 1983 to 2016, with the incorporation of cultivated area, fertilizers use, and credit supply as important input factors of maize production. To analyze the time-series dataset, we applied the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), Vector error correction model (VECM), Impulse response function (IRF), and Variance decomposition (VD) methodologies. The results reveal that CO₂ emissions and temperature decreased maize production in the short- and long-run while precipitation improved maize production in both cases. Also, cultivated area and fertilizers use significantly contributed to maize production in both periods. The results of the VECM causality indicate that rainfall and cultivated area have two-way causal associations with maize production. The CO₂ emissions and credit represent unidirectional causality with maize production in the short-run. Besides, all variables share a significant long-run connection. Finally, the IRF and VD outcomes suggested that the effects of climatic and non-climatic factors are consistent on maize production. The policies recommend that better environmental quality is crucial for sustainable maize production in Nepal.
    Keywords carbon dioxide ; climate change ; corn ; credit ; cultivation area ; data collection ; environmental quality ; models ; rain ; temperature ; time series analysis ; variance ; Nepal
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 1614-1644.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1438730-x
    ISSN 1387-585X
    ISSN 1387-585X
    DOI 10.1007/s10668-022-02111-1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Climate change and food security of South Asia: fresh evidence from a policy perspective using novel empirical analysis

    Chandio, Abbas Ali / Jiang, Yuansheng / Amin, Asad / Ahmad, Munir / Akram, Waqar / Ahmad, Fayyaz

    Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2023 Jan. 2, v. 66, no. 1 p.169-190

    2023  

    Abstract: This study is the first effort to assess the long-term effects of change in climate on crop production in South Asian countries from 1991 to 2016 by employing the second-generation methods robust to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. ... ...

    Abstract This study is the first effort to assess the long-term effects of change in climate on crop production in South Asian countries from 1991 to 2016 by employing the second-generation methods robust to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Using panel data with the panel dynamic least squares (PD-LS) method and several co-integration approaches, this study confirmed a long-term co-integration among considered variables. The long-run estimates revealed that climatic variables, including temperature and CO₂ emissions, negatively affected crop production, suggesting that a 1% increase in temperature and CO₂ emissions reduces crop production by 1.93% and 0.32%, respectively. Conversely, precipitation positively affects crop production in the long-run, indicating that a 1% surge in precipitation increases crop production by 0.52%. Moreover, non-climatic variables including cultivated area, income level, and financial development positively affected crop production in the long-run. Furthermore, a 1% surge in cultivated area, income level, and financial development enhances crop production by 0.29%, 0.13%, and 0.04%, respectively. The outcomes of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test confirmed that the causal link among all variables is significant, and outcomes verify the previous findings. This study suggests that urgent attention should be given to various adaptation strategies, such as credit supply, cropped area expansion, irrigation infrastructure enhancement, and the introduction of improved kinds of major food crops to enhance agricultural productivity. Besides, agricultural extension authorities should provide information about climate change to farming communities to deal with the adverse impacts of sudden climate changes on productivity.
    Keywords administrative management ; agricultural extension ; agricultural productivity ; carbon dioxide ; climate ; climate change ; credit ; crop production ; cultivation area ; economic development ; empirical research ; food security ; income ; infrastructure ; irrigation ; issues and policy ; temperature ; South Asia ; panel co-integration
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0102
    Size p. 169-190.
    Publishing place Routledge
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2000921-5
    ISSN 1360-0559 ; 0964-0568
    ISSN (online) 1360-0559
    ISSN 0964-0568
    DOI 10.1080/09640568.2021.1980378
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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