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Article ; Online: Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Rikhi, Rishi / Schaich, Christopher L / Hafzalla, George W / Patel, Nisha A / Tannenbaum, Jordan E / German, Charles A / Polonsky, Tamar / Tsai, Michael Y / Ahmad, Muhammad I / Islam, Tareq / Chevli, Parag A / Shapiro, Michael D

European journal of preventive cardiology

2024

Abstract: Aim: Elevated small dense-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although coronary artery calcium (CAC) is widely used for predicting CVD events, few studies have examined the relationship between sd-LDL- ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Elevated small dense-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although coronary artery calcium (CAC) is widely used for predicting CVD events, few studies have examined the relationship between sd-LDL-C and CAC. Methods: This study included 4672 individuals with directly-measured baseline sd-LDL-C and CAC from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (mean [SD] age: 61.9 [10.4] years; 52.5% women; 47.3% with baseline CAC [mean score >0]). We used multivariable general linear models and restricted cubic splines with goodness of fit testing to evaluate the association of sd-LDL-C with the presence of CAC. Odds ratios (OR [95% CI]) were adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, including estimated total LDL-C. Results: Higher quartiles of sd-LDL-C were associated with presence of CAC, even after accounting for total LDL-C. Compared to the lowest quartile of sd-LDL-C, participants in Quartiles 2, 3 and 4 had higher odds for the presence of baseline CAC (Quartile 2 OR: 1.24 [1.00, 1.53]; Quartile 3 OR: 1.51 [1.19, 1.93]; and Quartile 4 OR 1.59 [1.17, 2.16]). Splines suggested a quadratic curvilinear relationship of continuous sd-LDL-C with CAC after adjustment for demographics and CVD risk factors (quadratic vs. first-order sd-LDL-C terms likelihood ratio test: p=0.015), but not after accounting for total LDL-C (quadratic vs. first-order terms: p=0.156). Conclusions: In a large, multi-ethnic sample without known CVD, higher sd-LDL-C was associated with the presence of CAC, above and beyond total LDL-C. Whether selective direct measurement of sd-LDL-C is indicated to refine cardiovascular risk assessment in primary prevention warrants further investigation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2626011-6
ISSN	2047-4881 ; 2047-4873
ISSN (online)	2047-4881
ISSN	2047-4873
DOI	10.1093/eurjpc/zwae049
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Zs.A 4686: Show issues

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Article: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease after Liver Transplant.

Shetty, Akshay / Giron, Fanny / Divatia, Mukul K / Ahmad, Muhammad I / Kodali, Sudha / Victor, David

Journal of clinical and translational hepatology

2021 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 428–435

Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the world. The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has led to a 170% increase in NASH cirrhosis as the listing indication for liver ...

Abstract	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the world. The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has led to a 170% increase in NASH cirrhosis as the listing indication for liver transplantation from 2004 to 2013. As of 2018, NASH has overtaken hepatitis C as an indication for liver transplantation in the USA. After liver transplantation, the allograft often develops recurrent NAFLD among patients with known NASH cirrhosis. In addition to recurrent disease, de novo NAFLD has been reported in patients with other indications for liver transplantation. In this review, we will discuss the risk factors associated with recurrent and de novo NAFLD, natural course of the disease, and management strategies after liver transplantation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-17
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3019822-7
ISSN	2310-8819 ; 2225-0719
ISSN (online)	2310-8819
ISSN	2225-0719
DOI	10.14218/JCTH.2020.00072
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Article ; Online: Association of obesity phenotypes with electrocardiographic subclinical myocardial injury in the general population.

Vasim, Izzah / Ahmad, Muhammad I / Mongraw-Chaffin, Morgana / Soliman, Elsayed Z

Clinical cardiology

2019 Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 373–378

Abstract: Background: As the debate continues about whether obesity in metabolically healthy individuals is associated with poor outcomes or not, investigating the association between the obesity phenotypes and markers of subclinical myocardial injury will help ... ...

Abstract	Background: As the debate continues about whether obesity in metabolically healthy individuals is associated with poor outcomes or not, investigating the association between the obesity phenotypes and markers of subclinical myocardial injury will help identify those at risk for future cardiovascular events (cardiovascular disease [CVD]). Hypothesis: We hypothesize that obesity phenotypes including metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is associated with subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI). Methods: This analysis included 3423 participants (57.85 ± 13.06 years, 53.3% women) without known CVD from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional association between four obesity phenotypes (metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO) [reference], metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), MHO, and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) with SC-MI. SC-MI was defined from the 12-lead electrocardiogram as cardiac infarction/injury score ≥ 10 units. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation consensus definition. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m Results: MUO was associated with higher odds of SC-MI compared with MHNO (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.92, P = 0.0005). This association was stronger in men vs women (OR [95% CI]: 2.20 [1.58-2.07] vs 1.08 [0.79-1.48]), respectively; interaction P-value = 0.002) but was consistent in subgroups stratified by age and race. There was no significant association of MHO or MUNO with SC-MI compared with MHNO, but there was a trend toward higher odds of SC-MI in the MUNO group (P-value for trend across MHNO, MUNO, and MUO = 0.0002). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a combination of obesity and MetS confers worse prognosis and early preventive strategies aimed at weight loss and management of MetS components may decrease the risk of future poor outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology ; Myocardial Ischemia/etiology ; Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	391935-3
ISSN	1932-8737 ; 0160-9289
ISSN (online)	1932-8737
ISSN	0160-9289
DOI	10.1002/clc.23155
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Article ; Online: Vitamin D deficiency and electrocardiographic subclinical myocardial injury: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III.

Ahmad, Muhammad I / Chevli, Parag A / Li, Yabing / Soliman, Elsayed Z

Clinical cardiology

2018 Volume 41, Issue 11, Page(s) 1468–1473

Abstract: Background: Association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with nontraditional risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency has been examined previously. An investigation of the association of vitamin D with subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI) based on an ... ...

Abstract	Background: Association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with nontraditional risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency has been examined previously. An investigation of the association of vitamin D with subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI) based on an electrocardiographic score is a simple, cost-effective and innovative way to explore this relationship. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that low vitamin D levels will be associated with prevalent SC-MI independent of traditional CVD risk factors, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status. Methods: This analysis included 6079 participants (58.3 ± 13.1 years; 54.1% women) without CVD from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between vitamin D categories (<20, 20-29, and >30 ng/mL (reference) and cardiac injury score. Results: There was an incremental increase in the prevalence of SC-MI across vitamin D categories with the highest prevalence in <20 ng/mL, followed by 20 to 29 ng/mL and then >30 ng/mL (trend P-value <0.0001). There was a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and SC-MI (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.27 (1.04-1.55), P = 0.04). This association was stronger in men than women (OR (95% CI): 1.74 (1.32-2.30) vs 0.94 (0.70-1.25) respectively; interaction P-value 0.002). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with SC-MI, especially in men. These findings may further highlight the role of nontraditional risk factors in the development of CVD. The value of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of myocardial ischemia and injury may warrant investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases/diagnosis ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Social Class ; United States/epidemiology ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391935-3
ISSN	1932-8737 ; 0160-9289
ISSN (online)	1932-8737
ISSN	0160-9289
DOI	10.1002/clc.23078
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Zs.A 1423: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Atrial cardiopathy and stroke mortality in the general population.

Ahmad, Muhammad I / Singleton, Matthew J / Bhave, Prashant D / Kamel, Hooman / Soliman, Elsayed Z

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society

2019 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 650–656

Abstract: Background: Prior studies examining the link between atrial cardiopathy and stroke risk have focused mainly on non-fatal stroke.: Aims: To examine the association between atrial cardiopathy and stroke mortality.: Methods: This analysis included ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prior studies examining the link between atrial cardiopathy and stroke risk have focused mainly on non-fatal stroke. Aims: To examine the association between atrial cardiopathy and stroke mortality. Methods: This analysis included 8028 participants (60.0 ± 13.4 years, 51.9% women, 49.8% white) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES III) Survey. Atrial cardiopathy was defined as abnormal deep terminal negativity of the P wave in V1 (DTNPV1 = negative p-wave in V1<-100 µv), an electrocardiographic marker of atrial cardiopathy. Stroke mortality was ascertained using the National Death Index over a median follow-up of 14 years. Results: 2.95% ( Conclusions: Atrial cardiopathy is associated with an increased risk of stroke mortality, especially among non-whites. Among those with atrial cardiopathy, the risk of stroke mortality exponentially increases as the CHA
MeSH term(s)	Atrial Fibrillation/complications ; Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology ; Biomarkers ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Stroke
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2303728-3
ISSN	1747-4949 ; 1747-4930
ISSN (online)	1747-4949
ISSN	1747-4930
DOI	10.1177/1747493019876543
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Zs.A 6582: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Relation of total bilirubin and QT interval prolongation (from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).

Majeed, Chaudry N / Ahmad, Muhammad I / Ahsan, Irfan / Anees, Muhammad A / Maheshwari, Sanjay K / Soliman, Elsayed Z

Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc

2019 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) e12696

Abstract: Objective: The association of bilirubin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial. We sought to explore the association of total bilirubin (TB) levels with QT interval in a multiracial cohort.: Methods: A total of 6,627 participants (59.0 ± ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The association of bilirubin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial. We sought to explore the association of total bilirubin (TB) levels with QT interval in a multiracial cohort. Methods: A total of 6,627 participants (59.0 ± 13.3 years; 52.6% women, 49.7% Non-Hispanic Whites) without CVD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this analysis. QT was automatically measured from digital 12-lead electrocardiogram in a central reading center. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the cross-sectional association between tertiles of TB and prolonged QT interval (≥450 ms in men and ≥460 ms in women). Results: The prevalence of prolonged QT was higher among those with higher levels of TB (prolonged QT prevalence was 4.7%, 6.8%, and 7.0% across TB lower (0-0.4 mg/dl), middle (0.5-1.6 mg/dl), and higher (0.70-4.30 mg/dl) tertiles, respectively). In a model adjusted for potential confounders, participants within the highest TB tertile had significantly greater odds of the prolonged QT interval (Odds ratios [95% confidence interval] 1.53 [1.16-2.02]) compared to those with bilirubin levels in the first tertile. Each 0.29 mg/dl increase in TB levels was associated with a 12% (p-value <.0001) increase in the prevalence of prolonged QT interval. This association was stronger in men than in women (interaction p-value = .04). Conclusion: Elevated bilirubin levels are associated with a prolonged QT interval. This finding extends our current knowledge on the relationship between serum bilirubin and CVD by demonstrating a link between higher TB and abnormal cardiac repolarization.
MeSH term(s)	Bilirubin/analysis ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome/blood ; Long QT Syndrome/ethnology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Sex Factors ; United States
Chemical Substances	Bilirubin (RFM9X3LJ49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1325530-7
ISSN	1542-474X ; 1082-720X
ISSN (online)	1542-474X
ISSN	1082-720X
DOI	10.1111/anec.12696
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Zs.A 4953: Show issues

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Article: Incidence and risk factors of bacteria causing infectious keratitis.

Aldebasi, Yousef H / Aly, Salah M / Ahmad, Muhammad I / Khan, Amjad A

Saudi medical journal

2013 Volume 34, Issue 11, Page(s) 1156–1160

Abstract: Objective: To study the incidence and risk factors of the bacteria causing infectious keratitis among patients in Qassim province of Saudi Arabia.: Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Optometry, College of Applied ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To study the incidence and risk factors of the bacteria causing infectious keratitis among patients in Qassim province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from December 2010 to May 2011. One hundred patients suspected of keratitis were subjected to clinical examinations. A total of 115 corneal swabs from these cases were collected under aseptic conditions for bacteriological examinations. Results: Culture of the corneal swabs revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%), and unclassified bacteria (13.9%). However, 52 swabs of infectious keratitis cases (45.2%) were negative to bacteria. Contact lens wearing (44.4%) was the most common risk factor among the examined patients, followed by corneal trauma (21.7%), ocular surface disease (11.3%), and corneal surgery (7%). No significant correlation was observed between systemic risk factor and clinical presentation. Conclusion: It could be concluded that infectious keratitis was mostly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, strict measures are recommended to control and treat infectious keratitis to avoid visual complications.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratitis/epidemiology ; Keratitis/microbiology ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392302-2
ISSN	1658-3175 ; 0379-5284
ISSN (online)	1658-3175
ISSN	0379-5284
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Zs.B 2330: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Wake Forest University long-term follow-up of type 2 myocardial infarction: The Wake-Up T2MI Registry.

Jogu, Hanumantha R / Arora, Sameer / Vaduganathan, Muthiah / Qamar, Arman / Pandey, Ambarish / Chevli, Parag A / Pansuriya, Tusharkumar H / Ahmad, Muhammad I / Dutta, Abhishek / Sunkara, Padageshwar R / Qureshi, Waqas / Vasu, Sujethra / Upadhya, Bharathi / Bhatt, Deepak L / Januzzi, James L / Herrington, David

Clinical cardiology

2019 Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 592–604

Abstract: Background: The Wake-Up T2MI Registry is a retrospective cohort study investigating patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI), acute myocardial injury, and chronic myocardial injury. We aim to explore risk stratification strategies and ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Wake-Up T2MI Registry is a retrospective cohort study investigating patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI), acute myocardial injury, and chronic myocardial injury. We aim to explore risk stratification strategies and investigate clinical characteristics, management, and short- and long-term outcomes in this high-risk, understudied population. Methods: From 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2010, 2846 patients were identified with T2MI or myocardial injury defined as elevated cardiac troponin I with at least one value above the 99th percentile upper reference limit and coefficient of variation of 10% (>40 ng/L) and meeting our inclusion criteria. Data of at least two serial troponin values will be collected from the electronic health records to differentiate between acute and chronic myocardial injury. The Fourth Universal Definition will be used to classify patients as having (a) T2MI, (b) acute myocardial injury, or (c) chronic myocardial injury during the index hospitalization. Long-term mortality data will be collected through data linkage with the National Death Index and North Carolina State Vital Statistics. Results: We have collected data for a total of 2205 patients as of November 2018. The mean age of the population was 65.6 ± 16.9 years, 48% were men, and 64% were white. Common comorbidities included hypertension (71%), hyperlipidemia (35%), and diabetes mellitus (30%). At presentation, 40% were on aspirin, 38% on β-blockers, and 30% on statins. Conclusion: Improved characterization and profiling of this cohort may further efforts to identify evidence-based strategies to improve cardiovascular outcomes among patients with T2MI and myocardial injury.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Coronary Angiography/methods ; Disease Management ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospital Mortality/trends ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; Myocardial Infarction/mortality ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; North Carolina/epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Rate/trends ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391935-3
ISSN	1932-8737 ; 0160-9289
ISSN (online)	1932-8737
ISSN	0160-9289
DOI	10.1002/clc.23182
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