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Article: COVID-19 Modeling in Saudi Arabia Using the Modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) Model.

Ahmad, Naim

2020 Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e10452

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented healthcare emergencies across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed social distancing (SD) as a prudent measure to contain the pandemic and, hence, ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented healthcare emergencies across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed social distancing (SD) as a prudent measure to contain the pandemic and, hence, governments have been enacting lockdowns of varied nature. These lockdowns, causing economic and social strain, warrant the development of quantitative models to optimally manage the pandemic. Similarly, extensive testing aids in early detection and isolation, hence containing the spread of the pandemic. Compartment epidemiology models have been used extensively in modeling such infectious diseases. This paper attempts to utilize the modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model incorporating the SD, testing, and infectiousness of exposed and infectious compartments to study the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has put restrictions on the movement of people in different phases to ascertain SD. Time-dependent parameters based on the timeline of restrictions and testing in Saudi Arabia have been introduced to capture SD and testing. The arrived model has been validated through statistical tests. The [Formula: see text] (R naught), basic reproduction number, value has ranged between 0.6014 and 2.7860 with an average of 1.4904 and currently holds at 0.8952. In the absence of SD and testing measures, the model predicts the threshold herd immunity to be 69.31% and [Formula: see text] value as 3.26. Further, scenario analysis has been conducted for alleviating the SD measure. The results show that early lifting of all restrictions may undo all efforts in the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome of results will help policymakers and medical practitioners prepare better to manage the pandemic and lockdown.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.10452
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Investigating Students' Pre-University Admission Requirements and Their Correlation with Academic Performance for Medical Students: An Educational Data Mining Approach.

Qahmash, Ayman / Ahmad, Naim / Algarni, Abdulmohsen

Brain sciences

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3

Abstract: Medical education is one of the most sought-after disciplines for its prestigious and noble status. Institutions endeavor to identify admissions criteria to register bright students who can handle the complexity of medical training and become competent ... ...

Abstract	Medical education is one of the most sought-after disciplines for its prestigious and noble status. Institutions endeavor to identify admissions criteria to register bright students who can handle the complexity of medical training and become competent clinicians. This study aims to apply statistical and educational data mining approaches to study the relationship between pre-admission criteria and student performance in medical programs at a public university in Saudi Arabia. The present study is a retrospective cohort study conducted at the College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between February and November 2022. The current pre-admission criterion is the admission score taken as the weighted average of high school percentage (HSP), general aptitude test (GAT) and standard achievement admission test (SAAT), with respective weights of 0.3, 0.3 and 0.4. Regression and optimization techniques have been applied to identify weightages that better fit the data. Five classification techniques-Decision Tree, Neural Network, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbors-are employed to develop models to predict student performance. The regression and optimization analyses show that optimized weights of HSP, GAT and SAAT are 0.3, 0.2 and 0.5, respectively. The results depict that the performance of the models improves with admission scores based on optimized weightages. Further, the Neural Network and Naïve Bayes techniques outperform other techniques. Firstly, this study proposes to revise the weights of HSP, GAT and SAAT to 0.3, 0.2 and 0.5, respectively. Secondly, as the evaluation metrics of models remain less than 0.75, this study proposes to identify additional student features for calculating admission scores to select ideal candidates for medical programs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci13030456
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Article: A Hybrid Approach Toward COVID-19 Pandemic Modeling in Saudi Arabia Using the Modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered Model and Open Data Sources.

Ahmad, Naim / Qahmash, Ayman

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 12, Page(s) e20279

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the world to operate uncharacteristically for almost the last two years. Governments across the globe have taken different control measures to eradicate it. The Oxford COVID-19 Government ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the world to operate uncharacteristically for almost the last two years. Governments across the globe have taken different control measures to eradicate it. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) provides open access data for different countries on 20 control measures, including numerous aggregated indices. This paper employs the modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) epidemiology model to study the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The modification has been achieved by including control measures and the infectiousness of exposed compartment. A hybrid approach has been used to estimate and incorporate control measures. Initially, a composite control measure has been derived from OxCGRT data to make an attempt to fit the COVID-19 pattern in Saudi Arabia. The derived model has proven to be satisfactory through statistical tests. Nonetheless, the model patterns do not resemble the reported patterns more closely. Hence, a second heuristic approach has been utilized to devise effective control measures from the reported pattern of COVID-19 from the Saudi government agency. A satisfactory model was derived utilizing this approach with successful validation through statistical tests. Also, the model patterns more closely resemble the reported patterns of COVID-19 cases. This hybrid approach proves more robust and ensures the validity of model parameters better. The R naught (R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.20279
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Implementing Fuzzy AHP and FUCOM to evaluate critical success factors for sustained academic quality assurance and ABET accreditation.

Ahmad, Naim / Qahmash, Ayman

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e0239140

Abstract: The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) accredits the tertiary education programs in the areas of applied and natural science, computing, engineering, and engineering technology. ABET offers accreditation in the United States and ... ...

Abstract	The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) accredits the tertiary education programs in the areas of applied and natural science, computing, engineering, and engineering technology. ABET offers accreditation in the United States and other regions in the world that lack such entities such as Gulf Cooperative Counties (GCC). Though ABET accreditation is voluntary, graduates of the ABET-accredited programs are considered equivalent in knowledge, behaviors, and attitude with global standards. The process of ABET accreditation takes months or years depending upon the gap with readiness and resources. The objective of this study is to compile and prioritize the list of critical success factors (CSFs) to commit resources optimally for sustained academic quality assurance and ABET accreditation. The triangulation research designed has been employed. Firstly, the observation of the ABET accreditation process of multiple programs at King Khalid University (KKU) helped in identifying 11 CSFs in three categories namely Program design and execution, Quality culture and excellence, and Institutional infrastructure and support. Further, these CSFs have been explored in the literature in the area of ABET accreditation. Finally, the research employs a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) and full consistency method (FUCOM) to rank the relative importance of these CSFs and their dimensions for sustained academic quality assurance and ABET accreditation. The incorporation of these CSFs will help institutions in the GCC and other regions to get their academic programs ABET-accredited in an optimal manner.
MeSH term(s)	Accreditation ; Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Saudi Arabia ; United States ; Universities
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0239140
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Performance evaluation of advanced energy storage systems: a review

Smdani, Gulam / Islam, Muhammad Remanul / Ahmad Yahaya, Ahmad Naim / Bin Safie, Sairul Izwan

Energy & Environment. 2023 June, v. 34, no. 4 p.1094-1141

2023

Abstract: Energy systems are progressive and revolutionary for their alternative resources, technical developments, demands, effectiveness and environmental effects. The recently published research's goal is to assess and evaluate the systems that are already in ... ...

Abstract	Energy systems are progressive and revolutionary for their alternative resources, technical developments, demands, effectiveness and environmental effects. The recently published research's goal is to assess and evaluate the systems that are already in operation and those that will be in the future. Energy can be stored as electrical energy such as supercapacitors (SCs) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) etc., mechanical energy such as pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage (CAES) and flywheel energy storage (FES) etc., chemical energy, electrochemical energy such as batteries and fuel cells etc., and thermal energy. Performance of these energy storage systems (ESSs) have been evaluated in terms of energy density, power density, power ratings, capacitance, discharge-time, energy-efficiency, life-time and cycling-times, and costs. Supercapacitors provide highest power density (>10,0000 W/l), while hydrogen fuel cells provide highest energy density (500-3000Wh/l) among other EESs. Batteries also provide high energy density(200-500Wh/l). The energy efficiency is found highest in SMES system (95-98%), and lowest in TES system (30-50%). Moreover, batteries and supercapacitors have the cycle efficiency above 90%. PHES and CAES seem to be the most cost-effective energy storage systems reviewed in this analysis in terms of $/kWh. In addition, power-based capital cost of supercapacitors is lower (100-300$/kW) compared to energy-based capital cost of supercapacitors (300-2000$/kWh). In comparison with power-based capital costs, the energy-based capital cost of batteries is lower, which is 150-400$/kWh for Lead-acid battery, and <300$/kWh for Li-ion battery. This essay may help researchers in choosing the advanced energy storage technologies for relevant purposes.
Keywords	air ; capacitance ; capital ; capital costs ; cost effectiveness ; electric power ; electrochemical capacitors ; electrochemistry ; energy density ; energy efficiency ; environment ; hydrogen fuels ; lithium batteries ; magnetism ; thermal energy ; energy storage systems ; long duration energy storage ; energy storage device ; batteries and supercapacitors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Size	p. 1094-1141.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1033480-4
ISSN	2048-4070 ; 0958-305X
ISSN (online)	2048-4070
ISSN	0958-305X
DOI	10.1177/0958305X221074729
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Rayleigh quotient with bolzano booster for faster convergence of dominant eigenvalues

M Zainal Arifin / Ahmad Naim Che Pee / Sarni Suhaila Rahim / Aji Prasetya Wibawa

IJAIN (International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics), Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 12-

2022 Volume 20

Abstract: Computation ranking algorithms are widely used in several informatics fields. One of them is the PageRank algorithm, recognized as the most popular search engine globally. Many researchers have improvised the ranking algorithm in order to get better ... ...

Abstract	Computation ranking algorithms are widely used in several informatics fields. One of them is the PageRank algorithm, recognized as the most popular search engine globally. Many researchers have improvised the ranking algorithm in order to get better results. Recent research using Rayleigh Quotient to speed up PageRank can guarantee the convergence of the dominant eigenvalues as a key value for stopping computation. Bolzano's method has a convergence character on a linear function by dividing an interval into two intervals for better convergence. This research aims to implant the Bolzano algorithm into Rayleigh for faster computation. This research produces an algorithm that has been tested and validated by mathematicians, which shows an optimization speed of a maximum 7.08% compared to the sole Rayleigh approach. Analysis of computation results using statistics software shows that the degree of the curve of the new algorithm, which is Rayleigh with Bolzano booster (RB), is positive and more significant than the original method. In other words, the linear function will always be faster in the subsequent computation than the previous method.
Keywords	pagerank ; optimization ; bolzano method ; rayleigh quotient ; eigenvalue ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	518
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fabrication and Characterization of Magnetic Cellulose–Chitosan–Alginate Composite Hydrogel Bead Bio-Sorbent

Aida Syafiqah Abdul Rahman / Ahmad Noor Syimir Fizal / Nor Afifah Khalil / Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya / Md. Sohrab Hossain / Muzafar Zulkifli

Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 2494, p

2023 Volume 2494

Abstract: The implementation of inorganic adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents generates secondary waste. Therefore, scientists and environmentalists are looking for environmentally friendly adsorbents isolated from biobased ... ...

Abstract	The implementation of inorganic adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents generates secondary waste. Therefore, scientists and environmentalists are looking for environmentally friendly adsorbents isolated from biobased materials for the efficient removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize an environmentally friendly composite bio-sorbent as an initiative toward greener environmental remediation technology. The properties of cellulose, chitosan, magnetite, and alginate were exploited to fabricate a composite hydrogel bead. The cross linking and encapsulation of cellulose, chitosan, alginate, and magnetite in hydrogel beads were successfully conducted through a facile method without any chemicals used during the synthesis. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis verified the presence of element signals of N, Ca, and Fe on the surface of the composite bio-sorbents. The appearance and peak’s shifting at 3330–3060 cm −1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the composite cellulose–magnetite–alginate, chitosan–magnetite–alginate, and cellulose–chitosan–magnetite–alginate suggested that there are overlaps of O-H and N-H and weak interaction of hydrogen bonding with the Fe 3 O 4 particles. Material degradation, % mass loss, and thermal stability of the material and synthesized composite hydrogel beads were determined through thermogravimetric analysis. The onset temperature of the composite cellulose–magnetite–alginate, chitosan–magnetite–alginate, and cellulose–chitosan–magnetite–alginate hydrogel beads were observed to be lower compared to raw-material cellulose and chitosan, which could be due to the formation of weak hydrogen bonding resulting from the addition of magnetite Fe 3 O 4 . The higher mass residual of cellulose–magnetite–alginate (33.46%), chitosan–magnetite–alginate (37.09%), and cellulose–chitosan–magnetite–alginate (34.40%) compared to cellulose (10.94%) and chitosan (30.82%) after degradation at a ...
Keywords	cellulose ; chitosan ; alginate ; magnetite ; bio-sorbent ; hydrogel beads ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A new innovative breakthrough in the production of salt from bittern using a spray dryer.

Ansar, Ansar / Ahmad Yahaya, Ahmad Naim / Kamil, Anton Abdulbasah / Sabani, Rahmat / Murad, Murad / Aisyah, Siti

Heliyon

2022 Volume 8, Issue 10, Page(s) e11060

Abstract: Spray dryer had long been used to dry liquid materials and produce dry crystalline products. However, the drying of the bittern to produce quality salt crystals has not been widely published. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect ...

Abstract	Spray dryer had long been used to dry liquid materials and produce dry crystalline products. However, the drying of the bittern to produce quality salt crystals has not been widely published. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of drying conditions of the bittern using a spray dryer to produce salt with a high natrium chloride (NaCl) content. Drying was carried out in the hot air temperature (105-125 °C), drying air flow rate (25-45 ml/min), feed flow rate (20-30 ml/min), and concentration of maltodextrin (10-30%). The parameters were observed water content, NaCl content, yield, and mean particle diameter size (MPDS). The results showed that the inlet air temperature of 125 °C can significantly reduce the water content faster and produce higher NaCl levels than the inlet air temperature of 105 °C. The salt crystals produced at higher maltodextrin concentrations have lower water content and high NaCl content. The best-operating conditions are at a hot air temperature of 125 °C, a drying airflow rate of 45 m/s, and a maltodextrin concentration of 25% because it produces salt crystals with high NaCl content. Overall, these results indicate that the bittern can be dried using a spray dryer with potential NaCl content as a raw material for the pharmaceutical industry.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11060
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Preparation and Characterization of PVDF-TiO

Gayatri, Rianyza / Fizal, Ahmad Noor Syimir / Yuliwati, Erna / Hossain, Md Sohrab / Jaafar, Juhana / Zulkifli, Muzafar / Taweepreda, Wirach / Ahmad Yahaya, Ahmad Naim

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: Polymeric membranes offer straightforward modification methods that make industry scaling affordable and easy; however, these materials are hydrophobic, prone to fouling, and vulnerable to extreme operating conditions. Various attempts were made in this ... ...

Abstract	Polymeric membranes offer straightforward modification methods that make industry scaling affordable and easy; however, these materials are hydrophobic, prone to fouling, and vulnerable to extreme operating conditions. Various attempts were made in this study to fix the challenges in using polymeric membranes and create mixed-matrix membrane (MMMs) with improved properties and hydrophilicity by adding titanium dioxide (TiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano13061023
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Article ; Online: Fabrication and Characterization of Magnetic Cellulose-Chitosan-Alginate Composite Hydrogel Bead Bio-Sorbent.

Abdul Rahman, Aida Syafiqah / Fizal, Ahmad Noor Syimir / Khalil, Nor Afifah / Ahmad Yahaya, Ahmad Naim / Hossain, Md Sohrab / Zulkifli, Muzafar

Polymers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 11

Abstract	The implementation of inorganic adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents generates secondary waste. Therefore, scientists and environmentalists are looking for environmentally friendly adsorbents isolated from biobased materials for the efficient removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize an environmentally friendly composite bio-sorbent as an initiative toward greener environmental remediation technology. The properties of cellulose, chitosan, magnetite, and alginate were exploited to fabricate a composite hydrogel bead. The cross linking and encapsulation of cellulose, chitosan, alginate, and magnetite in hydrogel beads were successfully conducted through a facile method without any chemicals used during the synthesis. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis verified the presence of element signals of N, Ca, and Fe on the surface of the composite bio-sorbents. The appearance and peak's shifting at 3330-3060 cm
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym15112494
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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