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  1. Article ; Online: Machine Learning-Based Classification and Regression Approach for Sustainable Disaster Management

    Ahmed Abd El-Hameed / Juyoul Kim

    Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 9712, p

    The Case Study of APR1400 in Korea

    2021  Volume 9712

    Abstract: During nuclear accidents, decision-makers need to handle considerable data to take appropriate protective actions to protect people and the environment from radioactive material release. In such scenarios, machine learning can be an essential tool in ... ...

    Abstract During nuclear accidents, decision-makers need to handle considerable data to take appropriate protective actions to protect people and the environment from radioactive material release. In such scenarios, machine learning can be an essential tool in facilitating the protection action decisions that will be made by decision-makers. By feeding machines software with big data to analyze and identify nuclear accident behavior, types, and the concentrations of released radioactive materials can be predicted, thus helping in early warning and protecting people and the environment. In this study, based on the ground deposition concentration of radioactive materials at different distances offsite in an emergency planning zone (EPZ), we proposed classification and regression models for three severe accidents. The objective of the classification model is to recognize the transient situation type for taking appropriate actions, while the objective of the regression model is to estimate the concentrations of the released radioactive materials. We used the Personal Computer Transient Analyser (PCTRAN) Advanced Power Reactor (APR) 1400 to simulate three severe accident scenarios and to generate a source term released to the environment. Additionally, the Radiological Consequence Analysis Program (RCAP) was used to assess the off-site consequences of nuclear power plant accidents and to estimate the ground deposition concentrations of radionuclides. Moreover, ground deposition concentrations at different distances were used as input data for the classification and regression tree (CART) models to obtain an accident pattern and to establish a prediction model. Results showed that the ground deposition concentration at a near distance from a nuclear power plant is a more informative parameter in predicting the concentration of radioactive material release, while the ground deposition concentration at a far distance is a very informative parameter in identifying accident types. In the regression model, the R-square of the ...
    Keywords nuclear emergency ; PCTRAN ; RCAP ; source term estimation ; machine learning ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Population mortality before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in two Sudanese settings: a key informant study.

    AbuKoura, Rahaf / Checchi, Francesco / Abdalla, Omama / Ibrahim, Omnia / Hemeadan, Ahmed Tom / Eldirdiri, Ahmed Ali Ahmed / Mohamed, Direeg Ismail / Ahmed, Aljaile / Ahmed, Abd Elhameed / Abdelmagid, Nada / Pepe, Pasquale / Dahab, Maysoon

    BMC public health

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 701

    Abstract: Background: Population mortality is an important metric that sums information from different public health risk factors into a single indicator of health. However, the impact of COVID-19 on population mortality in low-income and crisis-affected ... ...

    Abstract Background: Population mortality is an important metric that sums information from different public health risk factors into a single indicator of health. However, the impact of COVID-19 on population mortality in low-income and crisis-affected countries like Sudan remains difficult to measure. Using a community-led approach, we estimated excess mortality during the COVID-19 epidemic in two Sudanese communities.
    Methods: Three sets of key informants in two study locations, identified by community-based research teams, were administered a standardised questionnaire to list all known decedents from January 2017 to February 2021. Based on key variables, we linked the records before analysing the data using a capture-recapture statistical technique that models the overlap among lists to estimate the true number of deaths.
    Results: We estimated that deaths per day were 5.5 times higher between March 2020 and February 2021 compared to the pre-pandemic period in East Gezira, while in El Obeid City, the rate was 1.6 times higher.
    Conclusion: This study suggests that using a community-led capture-recapture methodology to measure excess mortality is a feasible approach in Sudan and similar settings. Deploying similar community-led estimation methodologies should be considered wherever crises and weak health infrastructure prevent an accurate and timely real-time understanding of epidemics' mortality impact in real-time.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Black People ; Pandemics ; Poverty ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-023-17298-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Changes in social mixing and attitudes and practices to precautionary measures in a maturing COVID-19 pandemic in six communities in Sudan: a qualitative study.

    Ahmed, Salma A E / AbuKoura, Rahaf / Ahmed, Abd Elhameed / Abdalla, Omama / Hassan, Omnia Kamal / Tom, Ahmed / Eldirdiri, Ahmed / Ismaeil, Drieg / Zainalabdeen, Israa / Nurelhuda, Nazik / Ahmed, Aljaile / Abdan, Afrah / Dahab, Maysoon / Abdelmagid, Nada

    BMC public health

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 895

    Abstract: Introduction: With low COVID-19 vaccination coverage, non-pharmaceutical interventions were critical to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan. We explored changes in social contact patterns, risk perception, attitudes, and practices toward ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: With low COVID-19 vaccination coverage, non-pharmaceutical interventions were critical to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan. We explored changes in social contact patterns, risk perception, attitudes, and practices toward protective measures during an evolving COVID-19 outbreak in six illustrative communities in Sudan.
    Methods: This qualitative study took place in six communities in five Sudanese states using focus group discussions with community members and non-participant structured observations in public spaces between March 2021 and April 2021. A total of 117 participants joined 24 group discussions. We used a two-stage thematic analysis.
    Results: The perceived importance of compliance with individual preventative measures among those who believe in COVID-19 was higher than observed compliance with behaviors in most study sites. Adherence was consistently low and mainly driven by enforced movement restrictions. As restrictions were lifted, social contacts outside the household resumed pre-COVID-19 levels, and risk perception and individual and institutional adherence to protective measures diminished. We identified an environment that is socially and economically unsupportive of preventive practices, compounded by widespread rumours, misinformation, and mistrust in the government-led response. However, we identified new social habits that can contribute to reducing COVID-19 transmission.
    Conclusion: The unfavourable social and economic environment, coupled with the low visibility of the pandemic and pandemic response, has likely modulated the influence of higher risk perception on adopting precautionary behaviours by individuals. Governments and non-governmental actors should increase the visibility of the pandemic and pandemic response, enforce and incentivise infection control measures in public areas, promote emerging preventive social habits, and actively track and address rumours and misinformation related to COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Sudan ; Attitude
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-024-18274-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Laboratory Healthcare Workers at Assiut University Hospital, Egypt

    Azza M. Ezz Eldin / Dalia Tarik Kamal / Samar Salah Eldin / Mariam R. Elkhayat / Alaa M. Attia / Zeinab Ahmed Abd Elhameed

    Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol

    2022  Volume 2022

    Abstract: Background. COVID-19 is an illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Laboratory healthcare workers (LHCWs) are at highest risk for COVID-19 infection due to direct exposure to COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Background. COVID-19 is an illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Laboratory healthcare workers (LHCWs) are at highest risk for COVID-19 infection due to direct exposure to COVID-19 patients and/or infected samples. Objectives. Our primary objective in this study was to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 Ab testing as a screening tool for detecting COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic LHCWs. Our secondary aims were to establish the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 infection and subsequent asymptomatic disease and working in different areas of the laboratory. Method. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was done by different methods (rapid testing, electrochemiluminescence, and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay). The study included 199 asymptomatic LHCWs at Assiut University Hospital, Egypt, from different laboratory areas including molecular biology, microbiology, parasitology, and outpatient clinic laboratories in addition to LHCWs involved in automation, phlebotomy, rotating physicians, and those working in the sample receiving area. Results. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by rapid testing and immunoassay among asymptomatic LHCWs was 29.6% and 24.4%. Laboratory phlebotomists (55.6%) were most likely to be exposed to positive patients and samples, followed by those working in the sample receiving area (32%), LHCWs in the automation area (29.6%), rotating doctors (28.6%), and LHCWs in the diagnostic molecular biology laboratory (15.4%). The sensitivities of the rapid test and SARS-CoV-2 total antibody were 94.1% and 92%, whereas the specificities were 92.6% and 91%. Conclusion. Rapid serological testing is an effective screening method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic LHCWs and the identification of the groups of workers who have a significantly higher seroprevalence than the rest of the laboratory population.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Estimation of the Levelized Cost of Nuclear Hydrogen Production from Light Water Reactors in the United States

    Juyoul Kim / Ahmed Abd El-Hameed / Reuben Joseph Soja / Hilali Hussein Ramadhan / Mercy Nandutu / Joung Hyuk Hyun

    Processes, Vol 10, Iss 8, p

    2022  Volume 1620

    Abstract: In June 2021, the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) hosted the first-ever Hydrogen Shot Summit, which lasted for two days. More than 3000 stockholders around the world were convened at the summit to discuss how low-cost clean hydrogen ... ...

    Abstract In June 2021, the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) hosted the first-ever Hydrogen Shot Summit, which lasted for two days. More than 3000 stockholders around the world were convened at the summit to discuss how low-cost clean hydrogen production would be a huge step towards solving climate change. Hydrogen is a dynamic fuel that can be used across all industrial sectors to lower the carbon intensity. By 2030, the summit hopes to have developed a means to reduce the current cost of clean hydrogen by 80%; i.e., to USD 1 per kilogram. Because of the importance of clean hydrogen towards carbon neutrality, the overall DOE budget for Fiscal Year 2021 is USD 35.4 billion and the total budget for DOE hydrogen activities in Fiscal Year 2021 is USD 285 million, representing 0.81% of the total DOE budget for 2021. The DOE hydrogen budget of 2021 is estimated to increase to USD 400 million in Fiscal Year 2022. The global hydrogen market is growing, and the US is playing an active role in ensuring its growth. Depending on the electricity source used, the electrolysis of hydrogen can have no greenhouse gas emissions. When assessing the advantages and economic viability of hydrogen production by electrolysis, it is important to take into account the source of the necessary electricity as well as emissions resulting from electricity generation. In this study, to evaluate the levelized cost of nuclear hydrogen production, the International Atomic Energy Agency Hydrogen Economic Evaluation Program is used to model four types of LWRs: Exelon’s Nine Mile Point Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in New York; Palo Verde NPP in Arizona; Davis-Besse NPP in Ohio; and Prairie Island NPP in Minnesota. Each of these LWRs has a different method of hydrogen production. The results show that the total cost of hydrogen production for Exelon’s Nine Mile Point NPP, Palo Verde NPP, Davis-Besse NPP, and Prairie Island NPP was 4.85 ± 0.66, 4.77 ± 1.36, 3.09 ± 1.19, and 0.69 ± 0.03 USD/kg, respectively. These findings show that, among the nuclear ...
    Keywords nuclear hydrogen production ; hydrogen economic evaluation program ; proton exchange membrane ; low-temperature electrolysis ; high-temperature steam electrolysis ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 660
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Heterocyclic Synthesis via Enaminones

    Ahmed Abd El-Hameed Hassan

    International Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol 04, Iss 01, Pp 68-

    Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Novel Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Sulfonamide Moiety

    2014  Volume 81

    Abstract: 4-Acetyl-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide (1) was condensed with dimethylformamide dimethy-lacetal (DMF-DMA) to yield the enaminone, which reacts readily with different reagents to give the corresponding pyrazoles, triazolopyrimidine, imidazopyridine, ... ...

    Abstract 4-Acetyl-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide (1) was condensed with dimethylformamide dimethy-lacetal (DMF-DMA) to yield the enaminone, which reacts readily with different reagents to give the corresponding pyrazoles, triazolopyrimidine, imidazopyridine, pyrimidopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine, benzofuran, pyranone, pyridine, pyrimidine and pyrazolopyridazine derivatives. These compounds were designed to comply with the general features of sulfonamide pharmacophore which act as Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors. Virtual screening using molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds was performed by (MOE), the molecular docking results indicate that, some synthesized compounds suitable inhibitor against (COX-2) with further modification.
    Keywords DMF-DMA ; Pyrazoles ; Benzofuran ; Pyranone ; Pyridine ; Pyrimidine ; Doking ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Scientific Research Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
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  7. Article ; Online: Alternative epidemic indicators for COVID-19 in three settings with incomplete death registration systems.

    McCabe, Ruth / Whittaker, Charles / Sheppard, Richard J / Abdelmagid, Nada / Ahmed, Aljaile / Alabdeen, Israa Zain / Brazeau, Nicholas F / Ahmed Abd Elhameed, Abd Elhameed / Bin-Ghouth, Abdulla Salem / Hamlet, Arran / AbuKoura, Rahaf / Barnsley, Gregory / Hay, James A / Alhaffar, Mervat / Koum Besson, Emilie / Saje, Semira Mitiku / Sisay, Binyam Girma / Gebreyesus, Seifu Hagos / Sikamo, Adane Petros /
    Worku, Aschalew / Ahmed, Yakob Seman / Mariam, Damen Haile / Sisay, Mitike Molla / Checchi, Francesco / Dahab, Maysoon / Endris, Bilal Shikur / Ghani, Azra C / Walker, Patrick G T / Donnelly, Christl A / Watson, Oliver J

    Science advances

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 23, Page(s) eadg7676

    Abstract: Not all COVID-19 deaths are officially reported, and particularly in low-income and humanitarian settings, the magnitude of reporting gaps remains sparsely characterized. Alternative data sources, including burial site worker reports, satellite imagery ... ...

    Abstract Not all COVID-19 deaths are officially reported, and particularly in low-income and humanitarian settings, the magnitude of reporting gaps remains sparsely characterized. Alternative data sources, including burial site worker reports, satellite imagery of cemeteries, and social media-conducted surveys of infection may offer solutions. By merging these data with independently conducted, representative serological studies within a mathematical modeling framework, we aim to better understand the range of underreporting using examples from three major cities: Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Aden (Yemen), and Khartoum (Sudan) during 2020. We estimate that 69 to 100%, 0.8 to 8.0%, and 3.0 to 6.0% of COVID-19 deaths were reported in each setting, respectively. In future epidemics, and in settings where vital registration systems are limited, using multiple alternative data sources could provide critically needed, improved estimates of epidemic impact. However, ultimately, these systems are needed to ensure that, in contrast to COVID-19, the impact of future pandemics or other drivers of mortality is reported and understood worldwide.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adg7676
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  8. Article ; Online: Androgen receptor antagonists and anti-prostate cancer activities of some synthesized steroidal candidates.

    Bahashwan, Saleh Abd El-Rahman / Al-Omar, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman / Ezzeldin, Essam / Abdalla, Mohamed Mostafa / Fayed, Ahmed Abd El-Hameed / Amr, Abdel-Galil el-Sayed

    Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

    2010  Volume 59, Issue 11, Page(s) 1363–1368

    Abstract: In continuation of our previous work, a novel series of steroid derivatives were synthesized and their androgen receptor (AR) antagonist activities and in vivo antiandrogenic properties were evaluated. Twenty-one heterocyclic derivatives containing a ... ...

    Abstract In continuation of our previous work, a novel series of steroid derivatives were synthesized and their androgen receptor (AR) antagonist activities and in vivo antiandrogenic properties were evaluated. Twenty-one heterocyclic derivatives containing a cyanopyrane ring fused to a steroidal moiety were conveniently synthesized and screened for their antagonistic, antiandrogen and prostate anticancer activities comparable to that of bicalutamide as the reference control. Some of the compounds exhibited better antagonistic, antiandrogen and prostate anticancer activities than the reference controls. Initially the acute toxicity of the compounds was assayed via the determination of their LD(50). Synthetic steroidal structures fused to a substituted cyanopyrane ring seem to be a promising approach in the search for novel leads for potent antagonistic, antiandrogen and prostate anticancer agents.
    MeSH term(s) Androgen Receptor Antagonists/chemical synthesis ; Androgen Receptor Antagonists/chemistry ; Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Androgen Receptor Antagonists/toxicity ; Anilides/toxicity ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Heterocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis ; Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry ; Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Heterocyclic Compounds/toxicity ; Humans ; Male ; Nitriles/toxicity ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Receptors, Androgen/chemistry ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; Steroids/chemical synthesis ; Steroids/chemistry ; Steroids/pharmacology ; Steroids/toxicity ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tosyl Compounds/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Androgen Receptor Antagonists ; Anilides ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Heterocyclic Compounds ; Nitriles ; Receptors, Androgen ; Steroids ; Tosyl Compounds ; bicalutamide (A0Z3NAU9DP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-06-10
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 213307-6
    ISSN 1347-5223 ; 0009-2363
    ISSN (online) 1347-5223
    ISSN 0009-2363
    DOI 10.1248/cpb.59.1363
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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