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Article: Hypoxia pretreatment enhances the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on ozone-induced lung injury in rats

Abdelrahman, Shaimaa A. / Abdelrahman, Abeer A. / Samy, Walaa / Dessouky, Arigue A. / Ahmed, Samah M.

Cell and tissue research. 2022 Aug., v. 389, no. 2

2022

Abstract: Ozone (O₃) gas is a double-sided weapon. It provides a shield that protects life on earth from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, but ground-level O₃ is considered an urban air pollutant. So, a rat model of chronic O₃ inhalation was established to assess ...

Abstract	Ozone (O₃) gas is a double-sided weapon. It provides a shield that protects life on earth from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, but ground-level O₃ is considered an urban air pollutant. So, a rat model of chronic O₃ inhalation was established to assess the biochemical and morphological alterations in the lung tissue and to investigate the ameliorative effects of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with or without hypoxia pre-treatment. Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: control, ozone-exposed, normoxic BMSC-treated, and hypoxic BMSC-treated groups. Lung tissue sections were processed for light and electron microscope examination, immunohistochemical staining for caspase 3, and iNOS. Quantitative real-time PCR for IL-1α, IL-17, TNF-α, and Nrf2 mRNA gene expression were also performed. Chronic O₃ exposure caused elevated inflammatory cytokines and decreased antioxidant Nrf2 mRNA expression. Marked morphological alterations with increased collagen deposition and elevated apoptotic markers and iNOS were evident. BMSC treatment showed immunomodulatory (decreased inflammatory cytokine gene expression), antioxidant (increased Nrf2 expression and decreased iNOS), and anti-apoptotic (decreased caspase3 expression) effects. Consequently, ameliorated lung morphology with diminished collagen deposition was observed. Hypoxia pretreatment enhanced BMSC survival by MTT assay. It also augmented the previously mentioned effects of BMSCs on the lung tissue as proved by statistical analysis. Lung morphology was similar to that of control group. In conclusion, hypoxia pretreatment represents a valuable intervention to enhance the effects of MSCs on chronic lung injury.
Keywords	adults ; air pollutants ; albino ; animal models ; antioxidants ; apoptosis ; breathing ; caspase-3 ; collagen ; gene expression ; hypoxia ; immunohistochemistry ; interleukin-17 ; lungs ; males ; ozone ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; research ; statistical analysis ; therapeutics ; toxicity testing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 201-217.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	125067-x
ISSN	1432-0878 ; 0302-766X
ISSN (online)	1432-0878
ISSN	0302-766X
DOI	10.1007/s00441-022-03627-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Hypoxia pretreatment enhances the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on ozone-induced lung injury in rats.

Abdelrahman, Shaimaa A / Abdelrahman, Abeer A / Samy, Walaa / Dessouky, Arigue A / Ahmed, Samah M

Cell and tissue research

2022 Volume 389, Issue 2, Page(s) 201–217

Abstract: ... Ozone ( ... ...

Abstract	Ozone (O
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Collagen/metabolism ; Hypoxia/metabolism ; Lung Diseases/metabolism ; Lung Injury/chemically induced ; Lung Injury/metabolism ; Lung Injury/therapy ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Ozone/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Animals ; Rats
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Collagen (9007-34-5) ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	125067-x
ISSN	1432-0878 ; 0302-766X
ISSN (online)	1432-0878
ISSN	0302-766X
DOI	10.1007/s00441-022-03627-8
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Article ; Online: Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of ozone versus erythropoietin on induced skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult male rats.

Gawish, Magdy F / Selim, Sally A / Abd El-Star, Alyaa A / Ahmed, Samah M

Ultrastructural pathology

2022 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 96–109

Abstract: Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury of skeletal muscles is a serious problem because of its local and systemic complications. Previous studies reported that ozone and erythropoietin could alleviate IR effect on several organs. The current research is ... ...

Abstract	Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury of skeletal muscles is a serious problem because of its local and systemic complications. Previous studies reported that ozone and erythropoietin could alleviate IR effect on several organs. The current research is established to evaluate the possible protective role of ozone versus erythropoietin following IR injury of the gastrocnemius muscle. Fifty rats were equally divided into five groups: I control, II ischemia reperfusion (IR), III post-reperfusion ozone treated, IV post-reperfusion erythropoietin-treated, and V recovering post-reperfusion without treatment groups. The right femoral arteries of all rats were clamped for three hours to induce ischemia then clamps were released to allow reperfusion for two hours. Rats of group II were scarified immediately after reperfusion period. Rats of group III were injected with ozone just after reperfusion for 14 days. Animals of group IV were injected with erythropoietin just after reperfusion for 14 days. Rats of group V rats were kept for 2 weeks following reperfusion without treatment. Blood samples were obtained to estimate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) enzymes. Gastrocnemius muscle was processed for measurement of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as examination by light and electron microscopes. iNOS and PCNA immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis were applied. The current results indicated that both ozone and erythropoietin could be used as protective agents reducing the muscular damage induced by IR injury.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Erythropoietin/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Ozone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury/pathology ; Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Erythropoietin (11096-26-7) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603269-2
ISSN	1521-0758 ; 0191-3123
ISSN (online)	1521-0758
ISSN	0191-3123
DOI	10.1080/01913123.2022.2035874
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Article ; Online: Short term chronic toxicity of tributyltin on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of omega-3.

Ahmed, Marwa G / Ibrahim, Mona El-Demerdash / El Sayed, Hoda R / Ahmed, Samah M

Human & experimental toxicology

2020 Volume 40, Issue 2, Page(s) 214–230

Abstract: The declining rate of male fertility is a growing concern. Tributyltin (TBT) is a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), that induces imposex in female gastropods and is widely used in various industrial applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate ... ...

Abstract	The declining rate of male fertility is a growing concern. Tributyltin (TBT) is a well-known endocrine disruptor (ED), that induces imposex in female gastropods and is widely used in various industrial applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TBT on the testes of adult albino rats and the possible role of omega-3. Forty two adult male albino rats were divided into five groups; control group (Group I) and four experimental groups: omega-3 treated group, TBT treated group, TBT & omega-3 treated group and follow up group. At the end of the study, the rats were subjected to biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and seminal examinations. Our results clarfied that TBT induced a significant decrease in testosterone, FSH, LH and serum glutathione peroxidase levels and a significant increase in the serum Malondialdehyde as compared to the control group. Tributyltin induced disorganization and shrinkage of seminiferous tubules, apoptosis, cellular damage and marked reduction in the germinal epithelium. A significant decrease in the cell proliferation and arrested spermatogenesis were also detected. Seminal analysis of TBT group showed a significant affection of all parameters as compared to other groups. Omega-3 ameliorated all of these hazardous effects. Follow up group still showed toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT has a toxic effect on the testis. Increased testicular oxidative stress, cellular damage and arrest of spermatogenesis with attenuation in antioxidant defenses are all contributing factors. Omega-3 can protect against TBT induced reproductive toxicity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Glutathione Peroxidase/blood ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde/blood ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Protective Agents/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sperm Count ; Spermatogenesis/drug effects ; Spermatozoa/abnormalities ; Spermatozoa/drug effects ; Testis/drug effects ; Testis/pathology ; Testosterone/blood ; Trialkyltin Compounds/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Protective Agents ; Trialkyltin Compounds ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; tributyltin (4XDX163P3D) ; Malondialdehyde (4Y8F71G49Q) ; Luteinizing Hormone (9002-67-9) ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (9002-68-0) ; Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1027454-6
ISSN	1477-0903 ; 0144-5952 ; 0960-3271
ISSN (online)	1477-0903
ISSN	0144-5952 ; 0960-3271
DOI	10.1177/0960327120947451
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of gold nanoparticles against isoproterenol induced acute myocardial infarction in adult male albino rats.

Ahmed, Samah M / Abdelrahman, Shaimaa Ali / Salama, Alaa Elsayed

Ultrastructural pathology

2017 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 168–185

Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the role of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of 50 nm diameter on isoproterenol (ISO) induced acute myocardial infarction in adult male albino rats. Forty five adult Wistar male albino rats were equally divided into ... ...

Abstract	This study was undertaken to investigate the role of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of 50 nm diameter on isoproterenol (ISO) induced acute myocardial infarction in adult male albino rats. Forty five adult Wistar male albino rats were equally divided into three groups. Control (group I) was further subdivided into three subgroups. In group II, the rats received ISO subcutaneously at a dose of 100 mg/kg for three days. In group III, rats received ISO as group II and then GNPs (400 μg/kg/day) intravenously for 14 consecutive days. Echocardiography was performed. Left ventricular specimens were prepared for H&E, van Gieson staining, immunohistochemical analysis for (eNOs and Bcl-2), and Electron microscope examination. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was also performed. Cardiac markers such as creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured. Group II revealed cardiomyocytes with deeply stained acidophilic cytoplasm, small dark nuclei, intracellular vacuolations, wide intercellular spaces, and extravasated red blood cells. Increased collagen fibers were observed. Electron microscope examination showed cardiomyocyte with small and irregular outlined nuclei, mitochondria with irregular cristae and others with ruptured mitochondrial membrane, abnormal alignment of myofibrils, dilated cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and disorganized intercalated discs. Group III showed that most cardiomyocytes preserved the normal architecture. Increased expression of eNOs immunoreaction and decreased Bcl-2 immunoreaction were detected in group II as compared to the control and GNP-treated groups. These ﬁndings suggested that GNPs of 50 nm diameter improved myocardial injury after ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Abbreviations: Myocardial infarction (MI), Isoproterenol (ISO), Nitric oxide (NO), Neuronal NOS (nNOs), Endothelial NOs (eNOs), Gold nanoparticle (GNPs), Diamiobenzidine (DAB), Serum Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), Electrochemiluminiscence (ECLIA), Cardiomyocytes (CMC), Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor (PPARs), Reactive oxygen species (ROS).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cardiotonic Agents/toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Echocardiography ; Gold ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoproterenol/toxicity ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced ; Myocardial Infarction/pathology ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
Chemical Substances	Cardiotonic Agents ; Gold (7440-57-5) ; Isoproterenol (L628TT009W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603269-2
ISSN	1521-0758 ; 0191-3123
ISSN (online)	1521-0758
ISSN	0191-3123
DOI	10.1080/01913123.2017.1281367
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Article ; Online: Duration-dependent effects induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles on pancreas of adult male albino rats (histological and biochemical study).

Abdel Aal, Sara M / Ahmed, Samah M / Abdelrahman, Shaimaa Ali / Abdelrahman, Abeer A / Samy, Walaa

Ultrastructural pathology

2020 Volume 44, Issue 4-6, Page(s) 342–358

Abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have been widely used in numerous applications and enter the human body through different routes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal TiO2NPs on the histological and biochemical structure ...

Abstract	Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have been widely used in numerous applications and enter the human body through different routes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal TiO2NPs on the histological and biochemical structure of rat pancreas. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. Group I (control) was equally divided into two subgroups. Groups II, III, and IV: rats received intraperitoneal TiO2NPs for 7, 14, and 45 days, respectively. Blood samples were taken for the estimation of blood glucose, serum insulin, serum α-amylase, and lipase activity levels. Sections of the pancreas were processed for light, electron microscope examination, and immunohistochemical detection of insulin protein. Other parts were exposed to Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Bax, Bcl-2, SOD, and GST mRNA gene expression. Results showed pancreatic tissue damage, including acinar and islet cells, which became worse with increased duration of exposure to TiO2NPs. Decreased immune expression of the insulin protein together with decreased serum insulin and increased blood glucose levels indicated the alteration of β cells. Decreased serum α-amylase and lipase activities indicated alteration of acinar cells. Increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels showed the apoptotic effect of TiO2NPs caused by oxidative stress and evidenced by a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of SOD and GST in a duration-dependent manner. In conclusion: the present study stated that TiO2NPs exposure for long durations had toxic effects on both exocrine and endocrine pancreas mediated by apoptotic and oxidative stress pathways.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Pancreas/drug effects ; Rats ; Titanium/toxicity
Chemical Substances	titanium dioxide (15FIX9V2JP) ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603269-2
ISSN	1521-0758 ; 0191-3123
ISSN (online)	1521-0758
ISSN	0191-3123
DOI	10.1080/01913123.2020.1786203
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the effect of silver nanoparticles on testes of adult albino rats (histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study).

Ahmed, Samah M / Abdelrahman, Shaimaa A / Shalaby, Sally M

Journal of molecular histology

2017 Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–27

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medicine, however, they have toxic impacts on different organs. AgNPs distribution to the testes was reported, so, we aimed to study the effect of intraperitoneal injection of AgNPs, at different ... ...

Abstract	Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medicine, however, they have toxic impacts on different organs. AgNPs distribution to the testes was reported, so, we aimed to study the effect of intraperitoneal injection of AgNPs, at different concentrations and different time durations, on adult rat testes. Sixty healthy adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups; control group (Group I) and two experimental groups (Groups II & III), each of which were subdivided into two subgroups. Rats in group II were exposed for 7 days to low and high doses of AgNPs, respectively. Rats in group III were exposed for 28 days to low and high doses of AgNPs, respectively. Testicular sections were stained with H&E, Toluidine blue, Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and CD68 and Electron microscope examination were performed. Serum testosterone level and Quantitative Real-Time PCR for spermatogenesis genes were measured. Group IIa & IIb showed thickened capsule studded with nanoparticles, congested blood vessels, disorganized seminiferous tubules (Sts) and detached germinal epithelium. Group IIIa & IIIb showed marked reduction in the germinal epithelium, and shrunken Sts with the absence of sperms in most of them, which was more evident with higher doses of AgNPs. Significant decrease in cell proliferation and increase in interstitial tissue macrophages were more detected in groups II & III than in the control group. Decreased serum testosterone and decreased expression levels of spermatogenesis genes in groups IIa, IIb & IIIa, IIIb than in the control group were observed. In conclusion: intraperitoneal injection of AgNPs adversely affected the structure of adult rat testes. The tissue damage was more manifested with increased dose and duration of exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cell Survival ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats ; Silver ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/cytology ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Testis/cytology ; Testis/metabolism ; Testis/ultrastructure ; Testosterone/blood
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Silver (3M4G523W1G) ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2144021-9
ISSN	1567-2387 ; 1567-2379
ISSN (online)	1567-2387
ISSN	1567-2379
DOI	10.1007/s10735-016-9701-4
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Article ; Online: Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on induced skeletal muscle chemodenervation atrophy in adult male albino rats.

Shehata, Azza S / Al-Ghonemy, Nabila M / Ahmed, Samah M / Mohamed, Samar R

The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology

2017 Volume 85, Page(s) 135–148

Abstract: The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a potential therapeutic tool for improvement of skeletal muscle recovery after induced chemodenervation atrophy by repeated local ... ...

Abstract	The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a potential therapeutic tool for improvement of skeletal muscle recovery after induced chemodenervation atrophy by repeated local injection of botulinum toxin-A in the right tibialis anterior muscle of adult male albino rats. Forty five adult Wistar male albino rats were classified into control and experimental groups. Experimental group was further subdivided into 3 equal subgroups; induced atrophy, BM-MSCs treated and recovery groups. Biochemical analysis of serum LDH, CK and Real-time PCR for Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9 was measured. Skeletal muscle sections were stained with H and E, Mallory trichrome, and Immunohistochemical reaction for Bax and CD34. Improvement in the skeletal muscle histological structure was noticed in BM-MSCs treated group, however, in the recovery group, some sections showed apparent transverse striations and others still affected. Immunohistochemical reaction of Bax protein showed strong positive immunoreaction in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers in the induced atrophy group. BM-MSCs treated group showed weak positive reaction while the recovery group showed moderate reaction in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. Immunohistochemical reaction for CD34 revealed occasional positive CD34 stained cells in the induced atrophy group. In BM-MSCs treated group, multiple positive CD34 stained cells were detected. However, recovery group showed some positive CD34 stained cells at the periphery of the muscle fibers. Marked improvement in the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles after BM-MSCs therapy. Hence, stem cell therapy provides a new hope for patients suffering from myopathies and severe injuries.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1228429-4
ISSN	1878-5875 ; 1357-2725
ISSN (online)	1878-5875
ISSN	1357-2725
DOI	10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.016
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Article: Energy-Transfer Efficiency in Eu-Doped ZnO Thin Films: The Effects of Oxidative Annealing on the Dynamics and the Intermediate Defect States

Ahmed, Samah M / El-Nadi Lotfia M / El-Sayed Mostafa A / Szymanski Paul

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2014 Feb. 12, v. 6, no. 3

2014

Abstract: We have studied ultrafast dynamics in thin films of Eu-doped zinc oxide (ZnO), prepared by radio-frequency sputtering onto sapphire substrates. Following UV excitation of ZnO, a red emission is observed. Postdeposition annealing in an oxygen atmosphere ... ...

Abstract	We have studied ultrafast dynamics in thin films of Eu-doped zinc oxide (ZnO), prepared by radio-frequency sputtering onto sapphire substrates. Following UV excitation of ZnO, a red emission is observed. Postdeposition annealing in an oxygen atmosphere improves the crystallinity and emission intensity of the films, which are highly sensitive to the dopant concentration. Transient-absorption spectroscopy shows that the excited semiconductor host transfers energy to rare-earth ions on a time scale of only a few picoseconds. The dynamics as a function of the probe wavelength change dramatically after annealing, with annealed films showing the fastest dynamics at much lower wavelengths. Our results show that annealing greatly affects the defect energy levels of the films and the dynamics of the trapped carriers. Unannealed films show dynamics consistent with energy transfer from O vacancies to the dopant, while energy transfer in annealed samples involves acceptor-type defects such as Zn vacancies as intermediates.
Keywords	annealing ; crystal structure ; emissions factor ; energy transfer ; ions ; oxygen ; semiconductors ; spectroscopy ; wavelengths ; zinc ; zinc oxide
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0212
Size	p. 1765-1772.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021%2Fam404662k
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Article ; Online: Energy-transfer efficiency in Eu-doped ZnO thin films: the effects of oxidative annealing on the dynamics and the intermediate defect states.

Ahmed, Samah M / Szymanski, Paul / El-Nadi, Lotfia M / El-Sayed, Mostafa A

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2014 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 1765–1772

Abstract	We have studied ultrafast dynamics in thin films of Eu-doped zinc oxide (ZnO), prepared by radio-frequency sputtering onto sapphire substrates. Following UV excitation of ZnO, a red emission is observed. Postdeposition annealing in an oxygen atmosphere improves the crystallinity and emission intensity of the films, which are highly sensitive to the dopant concentration. Transient-absorption spectroscopy shows that the excited semiconductor host transfers energy to rare-earth ions on a time scale of only a few picoseconds. The dynamics as a function of the probe wavelength change dramatically after annealing, with annealed films showing the fastest dynamics at much lower wavelengths. Our results show that annealing greatly affects the defect energy levels of the films and the dynamics of the trapped carriers. Unannealed films show dynamics consistent with energy transfer from O vacancies to the dopant, while energy transfer in annealed samples involves acceptor-type defects such as Zn vacancies as intermediates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/am404662k
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