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  1. Article ; Online: Assessment of the perturbation induced by chitin synthesis inhibitors lufenuron, flufenoxuron and hexaflumuron in the house fly, Musca domestica vicina (Diptera

    Mohammad A. Tanani / Ahmed I. Hasaballah / Rehab M. Hussein

    Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, Vol 83, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    Muscidae)

    2022  Volume 8

    Abstract: Abstract Background The larvicidal and biochemical effects of chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs), namely lufenuron, flufenoxuron and hexaflumuron against the newly molted penultimate instar larvae of the house fly Musca domestica, were investigated. ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The larvicidal and biochemical effects of chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs), namely lufenuron, flufenoxuron and hexaflumuron against the newly molted penultimate instar larvae of the house fly Musca domestica, were investigated. Methods Different concentrations from each tested compound were applied on forty individuals of M. domestica 2nd instar larvae. Four replicates were used for each concentration. Results The recorded LC25 and LC75 values were (166.11, 68.33 and 56.43 ppm) and (732.33, 283.02 and 248.45 ppm) for lufenuron, flufenoxuron and hexaflumuron, respectively. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) increase of mortality in larvae treated with different tested CSIs compounds. Mortality was greater in larvae treated by hexaflumuron than lufenuron and flufenoxuron. The main metabolites were tested in the larval whole-body tissue homogenate and findings could be summarized as follows: tested concentrations of CSIs (a) predominantly reduced the total carbohydrate, protein, lipid and cholesterol content at certain ages tested. (b) Disturbed the total carbohydrate content particularly for larvae treated with LC75 concentration of hexaflumuron. (c) Exerted the protein and lipid profiles and this effect was much more pronounced in larvae treated with hexaflumuron. (d) Reduced the quantitative cholesterol content and this reduction was found to be increased with development. Conclusions Tested CSIs in particular hexaflumuron showed remarkable larval toxicity and reduced the main metabolites content in the larval whole-body tissue homogenate of the house fly, M. domestica.
    Keywords Larvicides ; Lufenuron ; Flufenoxuron ; Hexaflumuron ; M. domestica vicina ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SpringerOpen
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Biosynthesized ZnO-NPs Using Sea Cucumber ( Holothuria impatiens )

    Mostafa A. Elbahnasawy / Hussein A. El-Naggar / Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman / Mohamed H. Kalaba / Saad A. Moghannem / Fatimah Al-Otibi / Reham M. Alahmadi / Othman F. Abdelzaher / Mohamed M. Mabrouk / Ahmed G. A. Gewida / Marwa F. AbdEl-Kader / Ahmed I. Hasaballah

    Separations, Vol 10, Iss 173, p

    Antimicrobial Potential, Insecticidal Activity and In Vivo Toxicity in Nile Tilapia Fish, Oreochromis niloticus

    2023  Volume 173

    Abstract: In this study, a sustainable and eco-friendly method was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using a sea cucumber aqueous extract. Then, ZnO-NPs were characterized by instrumental analysis (UV-vis, HR-TEM, XRD, FT-IR, and DLS) and ... ...

    Abstract In this study, a sustainable and eco-friendly method was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using a sea cucumber aqueous extract. Then, ZnO-NPs were characterized by instrumental analysis (UV-vis, HR-TEM, XRD, FT-IR, and DLS) and evaluated for their possible antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities. Additionally, the toxicity of ZnO-NPs was evaluated in vivo against Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ). The sea cucumber was collected from the Gulf of Suez (Red Sea) at Al-Ain Al-Sokhna coast in Egypt and identified as Holothuria impatiens . The prepared Hi -ZnO-NPs peaked at 350 nm in UV–Vis spectral analysis. They showed quasi-spherical shaped particles with sizes ranging from 13 nm to 47 nm and a predominate size of 26 nm as indicated by HR-TEM. The XRD pattern of Hi -ZnO-NPs revealed a crystalline phase with an average size of 17.2 nm as calculated by Debye–Scherrer equation. FTIR analysis revealed the possible role of H. impatiens biological molecules in the biosynthesis process of ZnO-NPs. Hi -ZnO-NPs showed a negative zeta potential of −19.6 mV, demonstrating moderate stability. Biosynthesized Hi- ZnO-NPs revealed broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria ( S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. feacalis ), Gram-negative bacteria ( S. typhi , K. pneumonia and E. coli ), and filamentous fungi ( Aspergillus niger ). Hi -ZnO-NPs demonstrated larvicidal activity against the mosquito, Culex pipiens (LC 50 = 2.756 ppm and LC 90 = 9.294 ppm), and adulticidal action against the housefly, Musca domestica (LD 50 = 4.285 ppm and LD 90 = 22.847 ppm). Interestingly, Hi -ZnO-NPs did not show mortality effects against Nile tilapia fish ( Oreochromis niloticus ), highlighting the potential safety of Hi -ZnO-NPs to highly exposed, non-target organisms. However, histopathological and hematological investigations provided dose-dependent impacts of Hi -ZnO-NPs to Nile tilapia . Overall, data provide an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing novel Hi -ZnO-NPs with multiple biomedical ...
    Keywords biosynthesis ; nanoparticles ; zinc oxide ; sea cucumber ; Holothuria impatiens ; antimicrobial activity ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Mosquitocidal Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Annickia chlorantha and Its Isolated Compounds against Culex pipiens , and Their Impact on the Non-Target Organism Zebrafish, Danio rerio

    Tharwat A. Selim / Ibrahim E. Abd-El Rahman / Hesham A. Mahran / Hamza A. M. Adam / Vincent Imieje / Ahmed A. Zaki / Mansour A. E. Bashar / Hossam Hwihy / Abdelaaty Hamed / Ahmed A. Elhenawy / Eman S. Abou-Amra / Samia E. El-Didamony / Ahmed I. Hasaballah

    Insects, Vol 13, Iss 8, p

    2022  Volume 676

    Abstract: In this study, the crude extract and its isolated compounds from the stem bark of Annickia chlorantha were tested for their larvicidal, developmental, and repellent activity against the mosquito vector, Culex pipiens , besides their toxicity to the non- ... ...

    Abstract In this study, the crude extract and its isolated compounds from the stem bark of Annickia chlorantha were tested for their larvicidal, developmental, and repellent activity against the mosquito vector, Culex pipiens , besides their toxicity to the non-target aquatic organism, the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). The acute larvicidal activity of isolated compounds; namely, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, β -sitosterol, and Annickia chlorantha methanolic extract (AC), was observed. Developmentally, the larval duration was significantly prolonged when palmatine and β -sitosterol were applied, whereas the pupal duration was significantly prolonged for almost all treatments except palmatine and jatrorrhizine, where it shortened from those in the control. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme showed different activity patterns, where it significantly increased in columbamine and β -sitosterol, and decreased in (AC), palmatine, and jatrorrhizine treatments, whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme was significantly increased when AC methanolic extract/isolated compounds were applied, compared to the control. The adult emergence percentages were significantly decreased in all treatments, whereas tested compounds revealed non-significant ( p > 0.05) changes in the sex ratio percentages, with a slight female-to-male preference presented in the AC-treated group. Additionally, the tested materials revealed repellence action; interestingly, palmatine and jatrorrhizine recorded higher levels of protection, followed by AC, columbamine, and β -sitosterol for 7 consecutive hours compared to the negative and positive control groups. The non-target assay confirms that the tested materials have very low toxic activity compared to the reported toxicity against mosquito larvae. A docking simulation was employed to better understand the interaction of the isolated compounds with the enzymes, AChE and GST. Additionally, DFT calculations revealed that the reported larvicidal activity may be due to the differing electron ...
    Keywords A. chlorantha ; C. pipiens ; non-target ; bioactive compounds ; DFT ; docking ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050

    Emma Nichols / Jaimie D Steinmetz / Stein Emil Vollset / Kai Fukutaki / Julian Chalek / Foad Abd-Allah / Amir Abdoli / Ahmed Abualhasan / Eman Abu-Gharbieh / Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram / Hanadi Al Hamad / Fares Alahdab / Fahad Mashhour Alanezi / Vahid Alipour / Sami Almustanyir / Hubert Amu / Iman Ansari / Jalal Arabloo / Tahira Ashraf /
    Thomas Astell-Burt / Getinet Ayano / Jose L Ayuso-Mateos / Atif Amin Baig / Anthony Barnett / Amadou Barrow / Bernhard T Baune / Yannick Béjot / Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe / Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih / Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula / Sonu Bhaskar / Krittika Bhattacharyya / Ali Bijani / Atanu Biswas / Srinivasa Rao Bolla / Archith Boloor / Carol Brayne / Hermann Brenner / Katrin Burkart / Richard A Burns / Luis Alberto Cámera / Chao Cao / Felix Carvalho / Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo / Ferrán Catalá-López / Ester Cerin / Prachi P Chavan / Nicolas Cherbuin / Dinh-Toi Chu / Vera Marisa Costa / Rosa A S Couto / Omid Dadras / Xiaochen Dai / Lalit Dandona / Rakhi Dandona / Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora / Deepak Dhamnetiya / Diana Dias da Silva / Daniel Diaz / Abdel Douiri / David Edvardsson / Michael Ekholuenetale / Iman El Sayed / Shaimaa I El-Jaafary / Khalil Eskandari / Sharareh Eskandarieh / Saman Esmaeilnejad / Jawad Fares / Andre Faro / Umar Farooque / Valery L Feigin / Xiaoqi Feng / Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad / Eduarda Fernandes / Pietro Ferrara / Irina Filip / Howard Fillit / Florian Fischer / Shilpa Gaidhane / Lucia Galluzzo / Ahmad Ghashghaee / Nermin Ghith / Alessandro Gialluisi / Syed Amir Gilani / Ionela-Roxana Glavan / Elena V Gnedovskaya / Mahaveer Golechha / Rajeev Gupta / Veer Bala Gupta / Vivek Kumar Gupta / Mohammad Rifat Haider / Brian J Hall / Samer Hamidi / Asif Hanif / Graeme J Hankey / Shafiul Haque / Risky Kusuma Hartono / Ahmed I Hasaballah / M Tasdik Hasan / Amr Hassan / Simon I Hay / Khezar Hayat / Mohamed I Hegazy / Golnaz Heidari / Reza Heidari-Soureshjani / Claudiu Herteliu / Mowafa Househ / Rabia Hussain / Bing-Fang Hwang / Licia Iacoviello / Ivo Iavicoli / Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi / Irena M Ilic / Milena D Ilic / Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani / Hiroyasu Iso / Masao Iwagami / Roxana Jabbarinejad / Louis Jacob / Vardhmaan Jain / Sathish Kumar Jayapal / Ranil Jayawardena / Ravi Prakash Jha / Jost B Jonas / Nitin Joseph / Rizwan Kalani / Amit Kandel / Himal Kandel / André Karch / Ayele Semachew Kasa / Gizat M Kassie / Pedram Keshavarz / Moien AB Khan / Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib / Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja / Jagdish Khubchandani / Min Seo Kim / Yun Jin Kim / Adnan Kisa / Sezer Kisa / Mika Kivimäki / Walter J Koroshetz / Ai Koyanagi / G Anil Kumar / Manasi Kumar / Hassan Mehmood Lak / Matilde Leonardi / Bingyu Li / Stephen S Lim / Xuefeng Liu / Yuewei Liu / Giancarlo Logroscino / Stefan Lorkowski / Giancarlo Lucchetti / Ricardo Lutzky Saute / Francesca Giulia Magnani / Ahmad Azam Malik / João Massano / Man Mohan Mehndiratta / Ritesh G Menezes / Atte Meretoja / Bahram Mohajer / Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim / Yousef Mohammad / Arif Mohammed / Ali H Mokdad / Stefania Mondello / Mohammad Ali Ali Moni / Md Moniruzzaman / Tilahun Belete Mossie / Gabriele Nagel / Muhammad Naveed / Vinod C Nayak / Sandhya Neupane Kandel / Trang Huyen Nguyen / Bogdan Oancea / Nikita Otstavnov / Stanislav S Otstavnov / Mayowa O Owolabi / Songhomitra Panda-Jonas / Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan / Maja Pasovic / Urvish K Patel / Mona Pathak / Mario F P Peres / Arokiasamy Perianayagam / Carrie B Peterson / Michael R Phillips / Marina Pinheiro / Michael A Piradov / Constance Dimity Pond / Michele H Potashman / Faheem Hyder Pottoo / Sergio I Prada / Amir Radfar / Alberto Raggi / Fakher Rahim / Mosiur Rahman / Pradhum Ram / Priyanga Ranasinghe / David Laith Rawaf / Salman Rawaf / Nima Rezaei / Aziz Rezapour / Stephen R Robinson / Michele Romoli / Gholamreza Roshandel / Ramesh Sahathevan / Amirhossein Sahebkar / Mohammad Ali Sahraian / Brijesh Sathian / Davide Sattin / Monika Sawhney / Mete Saylan / Silvia Schiavolin / Allen Seylani / Feng Sha / Masood Ali Shaikh / KS Shaji / Mohammed Shannawaz / Jeevan K Shetty / Mika Shigematsu / Jae Il Shin / Rahman Shiri / Diego Augusto Santos Silva / João Pedro Silva / Renata Silva / Jasvinder A Singh / Valentin Yurievich Skryabin / Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina / Amanda E Smith / Sergey Soshnikov / Emma Elizabeth Spurlock / Dan J Stein / Jing Sun / Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos / Bhaskar Thakur / Binod Timalsina / Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone / Bach Xuan Tran / Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye / Sahel Valadan Tahbaz / Pascual R Valdez / Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian / Vasily Vlassov / Giang Thu Vu / Linh Gia Vu / Yuan-Pang Wang / Anders Wimo / Andrea Sylvia Winkler / Lalit Yadav / Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari / Kazumasa Yamagishi / Lin Yang / Yuichiro Yano / Naohiro Yonemoto / Chuanhua Yu / Ismaeel Yunusa / Siddhesh Zadey / Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin / Anasthasia Zastrozhina / Zhi-Jiang Zhang / Christopher J L Murray / Theo Vos

    The Lancet Public Health, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp e105-e

    an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

    2022  Volume 125

    Abstract: Summary: Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for public health planning and resource prioritisation. This study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on selected risk factors. Methods: We forecasted the prevalence of dementia attributable to the three dementia risk factors included in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 (high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking) from 2019 to 2050, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world region and country. Using linear regression models with education included as an additional predictor, we then forecasted the prevalence of dementia not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative contribution of future trends in GBD risk factors, education, population growth, and population ageing, we did a decomposition analysis. Findings: We estimated that the number of people with dementia would increase from 57·4 (95% uncertainty interval 50·4–65·1) million cases globally in 2019 to 152·8 (130·8–175·9) million cases in 2050. Despite large increases in the projected number of people living with dementia, age-standardised both-sex prevalence remained stable between 2019 and 2050 (global percentage change of 0·1% [–7·5 to 10·8]). We estimated that there were more women with dementia than men with dementia globally in 2019 (female-to-male ratio of 1·69 [1·64–1·73]), and we expect this pattern to continue to 2050 (female-to-male ratio of 1·67 [1·52–1·85]). There was geographical heterogeneity in the projected increases across countries and regions, with the smallest percentage changes in the number of projected dementia cases in high-income Asia Pacific (53% [41–67]) and western Europe (74% [58–90]), and the largest in north Africa and the Middle East (367% [329–403]) and eastern sub-Saharan Africa (357% [323–395]). Projected increases in cases could largely be attributed to population growth and population ageing, although their relative importance varied by world region, with population growth contributing most to the increases in sub-Saharan Africa and population ageing contributing most to the increases in east Asia. Interpretation: Growth in the number of individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health planning efforts and policy to address the needs of this group. Country-level estimates can be used to inform national planning efforts and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gates Ventures.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

    Kirsten E Wiens / Paulina A Lindstedt / Brigette F Blacker / Kimberly B Johnson / Mathew M Baumann / Lauren E Schaeffer / Hedayat Abbastabar, Sr / Foad Abd-Allah / Ahmed Abdelalim / Ibrahim Abdollahpour / Kedir Hussein Abegaz / Ayenew Negesse Abejie / Lucas Guimarães Abreu / Michael R M Abrigo / Ahmed Abualhasan / Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi / Dilaram Acharya / Maryam Adabi / Abdu A Adamu /
    Oladimeji M Adebayo / Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Sr / Victor Adekanmbi / Olatunji O Adetokunboh, Sr / Beyene Meressa Adhena / Mohsen Afarideh / Sohail Ahmad / Keivan Ahmadi / Anwar E Ahmed / Muktar Beshir Ahmed / Rushdia Ahmed / Temesgen Yihunie Akalu / Fares Alahdab / Ziyad Al-Aly / Noore Alam, Sr / Samiah Alam / Genet Melak Alamene / Turki M Alanzi / Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal / Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali / Mehran Alijanzadeh / Vahid Alipour / Syed Mohamed Aljunid / Ali Almasi, Sr / Amir Almasi-Hashiani / Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi / Khalid A Altirkawi / Nelson Alvis-Guzman / Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk / Saeed Amini, Sr / Arianna Maever L Amit, Sr / Catalina Liliana Andrei, Sr / Mina Anjomshoa / Amir Anoushiravani, Sr / Fereshteh Ansari / Carl Abelardo T Antonio / Benny Antony / Ernoiz Antriyandarti / Jalal Arabloo / Hany Mohamed Amin Aref, Sr / Olatunde Aremu / Bahram Armoon / Amit Arora, Sr / Krishna K Aryal / Afsaneh Arzani / Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi / Hagos Tasew Atalay / Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Sr / Seyyede Masoume Athari / Sachin R Atre / Marcel Ausloos / Nefsu Awoke / Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla / Getinet Ayano / Martin Amogre Ayanore, Sr / Yared Asmare Aynalem IV / Samad Azari / Peter S Azzopardi / Ebrahim Babaee / Tesleem Kayode Babalola / Alaa Badawi, Sr / Mohan Bairwa / Shankar M Bakkannavar / Senthilkumar Balakrishnan / Ayele Geleto Bali / Maciej Banach, Sr / Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Sr / Aleksandra Barac / Till Winfried Bärnighausen / Huda Basaleem / Sanjay Basu / Vo Dinh Bay / Mohsen Bayati / Estifanos Baye / Neeraj Bedi / Mahya Mahya Beheshti Beheshti / Masoud Behzadifar / Meysam Behzadifar / Bayu Begashaw Bekele / Yaschilal Muche Belayneh / Michellr L Bell, Sr / Derrick A Bennett, Sr / Dessalegn Ajema Berbada / Robert S Bernstein / Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Sr / Krittika Bhattacharyya, Sr / Suraj Bhattarai / Soumyadeep Bhaumik / Zulfiqar A Bhutta / Ali Bijani / Boris Bikbov / Binyam Minuye Birihane IV / Raaj Kishore Biswas / Somayeh Bohlouli / Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa Bojia I / Soufiane Boufous / Oliver J Brady / Nicola Luigi Bragazzi / Andrey Nikolaevich Briko / Nikolay Ivanovich Briko / Gabrielle B Britton / Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Sr / Reinhard Busse, Sr / Zahid A Butt / Luis LA Alberto Cámera, Sr / Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Sr / Jorge Cano / Josip Car / Rosario Cárdenas / Felix Carvalho, Sr / Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Sr / Franz Castro / Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Sr / Pranab Chatterjee / Vijay Kumar Chattu / Tesfaye Yitna Yitna Chichiabellu, Jr / Ken Lee Chin, Sr / Devasahayam J Christopher / Dinh-Toi Chu / Natalie Maria Cormier / Vera Marisa Costa / Carlos Culquichicon / Matiwos Soboka Daba / Giovanni Damiani, Sr / Lalit Dandona / Rakhi Dandona / Anh Kim Dang / Aso Mohammad Darwesh / Amira Hamed Darwish / Ahmad Daryani, Sr / Jai K Das / Rajat Das Gupta / Aditya Prasad Dash / Gail Davey / Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes / Adrian C Davis, Sr / Dragos Virgil Davitoiu / Fernando Pio De la Hoz / Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis / Dereje Bayissa Demissie / Getu Debalkie Demissie / Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Sr / Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Sr / Kebede Deribe, Sr / Assefa Desalew / Aniruddha Deshpande / Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne / Preeti Dhillon / Meghnath Dhimal / Govinda Prasad Dhungana / Daniel Diaz, Sr / Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu / Shirin Djalalinia / Kerrie E Doyle / Eleonora Dubljanin / Bereket Duko / Andre Rodrigues Duraes / Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan / Hisham Atan Edinur, Sr / Andem Effiong, Sr / Aziz Eftekhari / Nevine El Nahas / Iman El Sayed / Maysaa El Sayed Zaki / Maha El Tantawi / Teshome Bekele Elema I / Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Sr / Shaimaa I El-Jaafary / Hajer Elkout / Aisha Elsharkawy / Iqbal RF Elyazar / Aklilu Endalamaw / Daniel Adane Endalew, Sr / Sharareh Eskandarieh / Alireza Esteghamati / Sadaf Esteghamati, Sr / Arash Etemadi / Oluchi Ezekannagha / Mohammad Fareed / Roghiyeh Faridnia / Farshad Farzadfar / Mehdi Fazlzadeh / Valery L Feigin, Sr / Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad / Eduarda Fernandes / Irina Filip / Florian Fischer / Nataliya A Foigt / Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Sr / Masoud Foroutan / Richard Charles Franklin / Takeshi Fukumoto / Mohamed M Gad / Reta Tsegaye Gayesa / Teshome Gebre, Sr / Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin / Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Sr / Hailay Abrha Gesesew / Kebede Embaye Gezae / Keyghobad Ghadiri, Sr / Ahmad Ghashghaee / Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Sr / Paramjit Singh Gill, Sr / Tiffany K Gill / Themba G G Ginindza / Nelson G M Gomes / Sameer Vali Gopalani / Alessandra C Goulart / Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart / Ayman Grada / Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari / Harish Chander Gugnani, Sr / Davide Guido / Rafael Alves Guimarães / Yuming Guo, Sr / Rajeev Gupta / Nima Hafezi-Nejad / Dessalegn H Haile, Sr / Gessessew Bugssa Hailu / Arvin Haj-Mirzaian / Arya Haj-Mirzaian / Randah R Hamadeh / Samer Hamidi / Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso / Hamidreza Haririan, Sr / Ninuk Hariyani / Ahmed I Hasaballah / Md Mehedi Hasan / Edris Hasanpoor / Amir Hasanzadeh / Hadi Hassankhani / Hamid Yimam Hassen / Mohamed I Hegazy / Behzad Heibati / Behnam Heidari / Delia Hendrie, Sr / Nathaniel J Henry / Claudiu Herteliu / Fatemeh Heydarpour / Hagos Degefa de Hidru I / Thomas R Hird / Chi Linh Hoang / Enayatollah Homaie Rad / Praveen Hoogar / Mohammad Hoseini / Naznin Hossain / Mostafa Hosseini / Mehdi Hosseinzadeh / Mowafa Househ / Mohamed Hsairi, Sr / Guoqing Hu / Mohammedaman Mama Hussen / Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye / Ehimario U Igumbor, Sr / Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi / Milena D Ilic / Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab / Usman Iqbal / Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani / Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam / Chinwe Juliana Iwu / Neda Izadi, Sr / Anelisa Jaca / Nader Jahanmehr / Mihajlo Jakovljevic / Amir Jalali / Achala Upendra Jayatilleke / Ravi Prakash Jha / Vivekanand Jha / John S Ji, Sr / Jost B Jonas / Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak / Ali Kabir / Zubair Kabir, Sr / Amaha Kahsay / Hamed Kalani / Tanuj Kanchan / Behzad Karami Matin / André Karch / Mohd Anisul Karim / Hamidreza Karimi-Sari / Surendra Karki / Amir Kasaeian / Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun / Yawukal chane Kasahun / Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye / Gebrehiwot G Kassa / Getachew Mullu Kassa / Gbenga A Kayode / Ali Kazemi Karyani / Mihiretu M Kebede / Peter Njenga Keiyoro / Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Sr / Andre Pascal Kengne, Sr / Daniel Bekele Ketema / Yousef Saleh Khader / Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie / Nauman Khalid / Rovshan Khalilov / Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Sr / Junaid Khan / Md Nuruzzaman Khan I / Muhammad Shahzeb Khan / Khaled Khatab, Sr / Amir M Khater / Mona M Khater / Maryam Khayamzadeh / Mohammad Khazaei / Salman Khazaei / Mohammad Hossein Khosravi / Jagdish Khubchandani / Ali Kiadaliri / Yun Jin Kim / Ruth W Kimokoti / Adnan Kisa / Sezer Kisa / Niranjan Kissoon, Sr / Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah M KMShivakumar, Sr / Sonali Kochhar / Tufa Kolola, Sr / Hamidreza Komaki / Soewarta Kosen / Parvaiz A Koul / Ai Koyanagi / Moritz U G Kraemer / Kewal Krishan / Nuworza Kugbey / G Anil Kumar / Manasi Kumar, Sr 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    The Lancet Global Health, Vol 8, Iss 8, Pp e1038-e

    2020  Volume 1060

    Abstract: Summary: Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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