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Article ; Online: Assessing the existing guidelines of environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures for future hydropower projects in Pakistan

Asim Qayyum Butt / Donghui Shangguan / Yongjian Ding / Abhishek Banerjee / Wasim Sajjad / Muhammad Ahsan Mukhtar

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

2024 Volume 11

Abstract: Introduction: More than 16% of the total electricity used worldwide is met by hydropower, having local to regional environmental consequences. With positive indicators that energy is becoming more broadly available and sustainable, the world is moving ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: More than 16% of the total electricity used worldwide is met by hydropower, having local to regional environmental consequences. With positive indicators that energy is becoming more broadly available and sustainable, the world is moving closer to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7). Pakistan became the first nation to include the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in its national development strategy.Methodology: The current study sought to investigate the structural limits of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guidelines for hydropower development in Pakistan. The study included the document review of the EIA reports about hydropower projects in Pakistan, scientific questionnaires from decision-makers, and public consultation.Results and Discussion: The document evaluates that an adequate mechanism is available, and donors like the Asian Development Bank and World Bank observe the implementation process of EIA in Pakistan. However, a comprehensive analysis of the EIA system found several things that could be improved, not only in the institutional framework but also in actual implementation and practices. More than 20% of respondent decision-makers disagreed with the compliance of the current Institutional Framework with EIA guidelines, and 25% think that the existing guidelines followed in Pakistan are not aligned with international standards and practices for Hydropower in actual practice. EIA has a limited impact on decision-making due to insufficient technical and financial resources.Recommendations: There should be a think tank with experts who can meet the needs of present and future epochs. The public should be communicated with and educated about EIA. For better efficiency, the officers and decision-makers should be trained internationally, i.e., the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA).
Keywords	hydropower ; environmental impact assessment ; public consultation ; environment ; decision makers ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	320 ; 710
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Response from M Maqsood, P Waheed, A Rashid, et al. (J Pak Med Assoc. 2023; 73

Muntaha Maqsood / Palvasha Waheed / Amir Rashid / Asifa Majeed / Ahsan Mukhtar

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol 73, Iss

978-982) Aldose reductase gene polymorphism rs752010122 and retinopathy in type 2 diabetics

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Madam, First of all, I would like to appreciate the reader for their insightful feedback as we can all learn when wisdom is shared. The readers concerns are addressed point by point as follows: 1. Limitations of study • Restriction of funding resources ... ...

Abstract	Madam, First of all, I would like to appreciate the reader for their insightful feedback as we can all learn when wisdom is shared. The readers concerns are addressed point by point as follows: 1. Limitations of study • Restriction of funding resources and sample size. • Scarcity of literature regarding available and very limited publication available of the AKR1B1 gene. • Analysis not linked to demographic details, because samples used were de-identified in order to stick to the design of the study.2. The study only discussed the association of AR gene polymorphism rs752010122 and DR regardless of whether the polymorphism was familial or somatic. A family history of diabetic retinopathy (DR) increases its risk in patients with T2DM however it was not the scope of this study. Furthermore, as it was a single centre study with small sample size, including a patient population with diverse ethinicity was not possible. The discussion portion of the article highlights the scarce data available discussing the various AR gene polymorphisms in certain ethincities. However, a large collabrative multicentre study icluding a diverse patient popultaion spanning various demographic areas may be able to identify the association of AR gene polymorphism, ethinicity and DR. 3. The samples were de-identified prior to analysis by multiple blinded researchers. 4. It is acknowledged that the article does not specifically mention that patients with dyslipidaemia were excluded. However, patients with DR suspected secondary to other causes were excluded as mentioned in the “Patient and Methods” section. 5. It is acknowledged that the article does not include how the patients were screened for DR and T2DM, therefore this comment provides us the opportunity to provide those details. Patients were screened for DR by fundoscopy by expert ophthalmolgists at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology. Clinical evaluation icluded BMI, blood pressure and other vital signs. Haematological work up included Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Fasting ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pakistan Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Response from M Maqsood, P Waheed, A Rashid, et al. (J Pak Med Assoc. 2023; 73

Muntaha Maqsood / Palvasha Waheed / Amir Rashid / Asifa Majeed / Ahsan Mukhtar

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol 73, Iss

978-982) Aldose reductase gene polymorphism rs752010122 and retinopathy in type 2 diabetics

2023 Volume 11

Abstract	Madam, First of all, I would like to appreciate the reader for their insightful feedback as we can all learn when wisdom is shared. The readers concerns are addressed point by point as follows: 1. Limitations of study • Restriction of funding resources and sample size. • Scarcity of literature regarding available and very limited publication available of the AKR1B1 gene. • Analysis not linked to demographic details, because samples used were de-identified in order to stick to the design of the study.2. The study only discussed the association of AR gene polymorphism rs752010122 and DR regardless of whether the polymorphism was familial or somatic. A family history of diabetic retinopathy (DR) increases its risk in patients with T2DM however it was not the scope of this study. Furthermore, as it was a single centre study with small sample size, including a patient population with diverse ethinicity was not possible. The discussion portion of the article highlights the scarce data available discussing the various AR gene polymorphisms in certain ethincities. However, a large collabrative multicentre study icluding a diverse patient popultaion spanning various demographic areas may be able to identify the association of AR gene polymorphism, ethinicity and DR. 3. The samples were de-identified prior to analysis by multiple blinded researchers. 4. It is acknowledged that the article does not specifically mention that patients with dyslipidaemia were excluded. However, patients with DR suspected secondary to other causes were excluded as mentioned in the “Patient and Methods” section. 5. It is acknowledged that the article does not include how the patients were screened for DR and T2DM, therefore this comment provides us the opportunity to provide those details. Patients were screened for DR by fundoscopy by expert ophthalmolgists at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology. Clinical evaluation icluded BMI, blood pressure and other vital signs. Haematological work up included Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Fasting ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pakistan Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Response from M Maqsood, P Waheed, A Rashid, et al. (J Pak Med Assoc. 2023; 73

Muntaha Maqsood / Palvasha Waheed / Amir Rashid / Asifa Majeed / Ahsan Mukhtar

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol 73, Iss

978-982) Aldose reductase gene polymorphism rs752010122 and retinopathy in type 2 diabetics

2023 Volume 11

Abstract	Madam, First of all, I would like to appreciate the reader for their insightful feedback as we can all learn when wisdom is shared. The readers concerns are addressed point by point as follows: 1. Limitations of study • Restriction of funding resources and sample size. • Scarcity of literature regarding available and very limited publication available of the AKR1B1 gene. • Analysis not linked to demographic details, because samples used were de-identified in order to stick to the design of the study.2. The study only discussed the association of AR gene polymorphism rs752010122 and DR regardless of whether the polymorphism was familial or somatic. A family history of diabetic retinopathy (DR) increases its risk in patients with T2DM however it was not the scope of this study. Furthermore, as it was a single centre study with small sample size, including a patient population with diverse ethinicity was not possible. The discussion portion of the article highlights the scarce data available discussing the various AR gene polymorphisms in certain ethincities. However, a large collabrative multicentre study icluding a diverse patient popultaion spanning various demographic areas may be able to identify the association of AR gene polymorphism, ethinicity and DR. 3. The samples were de-identified prior to analysis by multiple blinded researchers. 4. It is acknowledged that the article does not specifically mention that patients with dyslipidaemia were excluded. However, patients with DR suspected secondary to other causes were excluded as mentioned in the “Patient and Methods” section. 5. It is acknowledged that the article does not include how the patients were screened for DR and T2DM, therefore this comment provides us the opportunity to provide those details. Patients were screened for DR by fundoscopy by expert ophthalmolgists at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology. Clinical evaluation icluded BMI, blood pressure and other vital signs. Haematological work up included Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Fasting ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pakistan Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal variations in runoff and runoff components in response to climate change in a glacierized subbasin of the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

Muhammad Adnan / Shiyin Liu / Muhammad Saifullah / Mudassar Iqbal / Ayaz Fateh Ali / Muhammad Ahsan Mukhtar

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: Change in seasonal snowfall and glaciers ablation control year-to-year variations in streamflows of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) and hence ultimately impacts the water availability in downstream areas of UIB. This situation calls for an urgent response to ...

Abstract	Change in seasonal snowfall and glaciers ablation control year-to-year variations in streamflows of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) and hence ultimately impacts the water availability in downstream areas of UIB. This situation calls for an urgent response to study the long-term variations in runoff components in response to climate change. The current study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in runoff and runoff components in response to climate change to the streamflows of the Gilgit River from 1981 to 2020 by using the University of British Columbia Watershed Model (UBC WM). Three statistical indices such as the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), and the correlation coefficient (CC) were used to evaluate the performance of UBC WM in simulating the streamflows against observed streamflows. According to statistical indices, the UBC WM performed fairly well during both calibration (1981–2000: R2 = 0.90, NSE = 0.87, and CC = 0.95) and validation periods (2001–2015: R2 = 0.86, NSE = 0.83, and CC = 0.92). Trend analysis revealed a significant increase in all runoff components with large interannual variations in their relative contributions to streamflows from 1981 to 2020. From 1981 to 2020, the average relative contribution of snowmelt, glacier melt, rainfall-runoff, and baseflow was estimated to be 25%, 46%, 5%, and 24%, respectively to the streamflows of the Gilgit River. Seasonal analysis showed that about 86% of total runoff was contributed to the Gilgit River during the summer season (April–September) while only 14% in the winter season (October–March). Further analysis of runoff at a spatial scale revealed that approximately 76% of the total runoff of Gilgit River is generated between elevations from 3680 to 5348 m while 19% of total runoff is generated at an elevation <3680 m and only 5% at an elevation >5348 m. Moreover, it was observed that groundwater contribution from soil lower zone (i.e., 76%) to streamflows was found greater than soil upper zone (i.e., ...
Keywords	Alam bridge ; baseflow ; Gilgit River Basin ; glaciers melt ; runoff ; UBC WM ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: APPLICATION OF AUTOLOGOUS SERUM EYE DROPS AFTER PTERYGIUM SURGERY

Hassan Sajjad Rathore / Ahsan Mukhtar / Shahzad Saeed / Umar Ijaz / Mamoona Javaid / Iqra Ghaus

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 5, Pp 1563-

2021 Volume 1566

Abstract: Objective: To compare the corneal epithelium healing time and post-operative pain after pterygium surgery with and without he use of autologous serum drops. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To compare the corneal epithelium healing time and post-operative pain after pterygium surgery with and without he use of autologous serum drops. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Jan to Aug 2019. Methodology: Twenty patients were included in this study and divided into two groups. All patients underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft. Fourteen of them were instilled with autologous serum drops while 14 were given lubricants postoperatively until corneal epithelium healed completely. Corneal epithelium healing time, visual analog scale for postoperative pain assessment, conjunctival inflammation and recurrences were evaluated. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: For corneal epithelial healing, 1 (7.14%) patient showed complete healing on day 2 while 7 (50%) showed healing on day 3 and 6 (42.86%) on day 4. While in non-autologous serum drops group 7 (50%) showed complete healing on day 4 while 4 (28.57%) showed healing on day 5 and 3 (21.43%) on day 6. The mean corneal healing time of autologous serum drops group was 3.36 ± 0.63 days and that of non-autologous serum drops group was 4.71 ± 0.83 days. Patients of autologous serum drops group also experienced significantly less pain as compared to the non-autologous serum drops group. While the recurrence rate and conjunctival inflammation in the two groups was found to be of equal degree. Conclusion: Patients who used autologous serum eye drops post operatively experienced less pain and their corneal epithelium healed earlier than the.
Keywords	autologous serum ; corneal epithelium ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Army Medical College Rawalpindi
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TACROLIMUS 0.03% OINTMENT VS OLOPATADINE 0.2% EYE DROPS IN THE TREATMENT OF VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS

Hassan Sajjad Rathore / Shahzad Saeed / M. Ahsan Mukhtar / Umar Ijaz / Asad Habib / Iqra Ghaus

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 1, Pp 34-

2021 Volume 39

Abstract: Objective: To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment to olopatadine 0.2% eye drops in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department Combined Military ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment to olopatadine 0.2% eye drops in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Feb to Jul 2019. Methodology: A total of 69 patients with active vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) were included in this study. Thirty six (52.17%) patients were randomized in tacrolimus group and 33 (47.83%) in olopatadine group B. Baseline values of the subjective symptom score (SSS) and the objective sign score (OSS) were noted. Patients were reviewed on weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 and the scores at each visit were summed. These scores were used for comparison between groups. Results: At the start of the study, the mean subjective symptoms score and objective sign score of group A was 9.0 ± 2.04 and 3.93 ± 1.93 respectively, while that of group B was 8.88 ± 2.18 and 4.36 ± 1.90 respectively. At the end of 12-weeks, the mean subjective symptoms score and objective sign score of group A reduced to 0.11 ± 0.32 and 0.08 ± 0.28 respectively, while that of group B reduced to 1.70 ± 0.77 and 0.64 ± 0.55 respectively. Total improvement of scores (as a percentage of baselines) among tacrolimus group was 98.3% and olopatadine group was 83%. Conclusion: Although both 0.03% tacrolimus and 0.2% olopatadine were effective in improving the signs and symptoms of VKC, 0.03% tacrolimus was significantly superior.
Keywords	vernal keratoconjunctivitis ; tacrolimus ; olopatadine ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Army Medical College Rawalpindi
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: EFFECT ON CORNEAL DIOPTRIC POWER IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING 23G SUTURE LESS PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY

Abida Fida / Ahsan Mukhtar / Imran Basit / Fida Hussain / Mazhar Ishaq

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 68, Iss 5, Pp 1186-

2018 Volume 1189

Abstract: Objective: To determine the effect of 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy on corneal dioptric power through a comparison of difference in pre- and post- surgery keratometry. Study Design: Prospective non-comparative interventional type. Place and Duration of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the effect of 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy on corneal dioptric power through a comparison of difference in pre- and post- surgery keratometry. Study Design: Prospective non-comparative interventional type. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) Rawalpindi from Dec 2016 to Jul 2017. Material and Methods: We studied 33 patients (33 eyes) who underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy with mean age of 46.4 ± 12.8 years. Among them 13 were females and 20 were males. These patients were divided in four groups on the basis of pre-surgical diagnosis. 18 (55%) patients had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 9 (27%) had macular holes 3 (9%) with Vitreous hemorrhage and last 3 (9%) had dislocation of intraocular lens. Total vitrectomy was performed in all patients by standard 23G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) procedure as used with three scleratomies and tunnel shaped incision. Keratometry readings before the surgery and at the end of 1st, 6th and 12th post procedural weeks were recorded in horizontal (K1) and vertical meridian (K2) by utilizing topcon auto kerato-refractometer. Results: The pre-operative dioptric power of cornea in horizontal and vertical meridian (K1 and K2 respectively) was statistically compared with post- operative dioptric power of cornea at the end of 1st, 6th and 12th postopertive weeks. At the end of first post- operative week there was significant difference between pre and post-operative corneal dioptric power with horizontal p-value<0.05 and vertical <0.04; leading to astigmatism. However, at the end of 6th and 12th post procedural weeks there was no significant difference between pre and post-operative corneal dioptric power which is evident with insignificant p-values. The p-value at the end of 6th post-operative week was 0.521 and 0.57 for K1 and K2 respectively. At the end of 12th post-procedural week these values are 0.854 and 0.941 for K1 and K2 respectively. Clinically these patients did not have any ...
Keywords	astigmatism ; dioptric power ; keratometry ; pars plana vitrectomy ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Army Medical College Rawalpindi
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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