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Article ; Online: Clinical isolates of Tritrichomonas foetus in bulls in Wyoming, South Dakota and Montana, USA

Yinzhu Jin / Aifang Du / Chaoqun Yao

BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Background Several Tritrichomonas species have been found in mammalian hosts. Among these trichomonads T. foetus is often found in the urogenital tract of cattle and the gastrointestinal tract of the domestic cat, resulting in sexually ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Several Tritrichomonas species have been found in mammalian hosts. Among these trichomonads T. foetus is often found in the urogenital tract of cattle and the gastrointestinal tract of the domestic cat, resulting in sexually transmitted bovine trichomonosis and fecal-orally transmitted feline trichomonosis, respectively. The aims of the current study were to molecularly characterize clinical isolates of T. foetus in cattle populations in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana of the United States of America and to phylogenetically analyze Tritrichomonas species of mammalian hosts. Results DNA sequencing of rRNA genes showed over 99% identity of the newly described isolates to other bovine isolates. Further, T. foetus isolates of various mammalian hosts originated in different geographic regions worldwide were clustered into two well-defined clades by phylogenetic analysis of rRNA and cysteine protease 2 genes. Clade I consisted of isolates originated from cattle, pig, and human whereas clade II contained isolates of cat and dog. Conclusion It is concluded that all mammalian Tritrichomonas spp. apparently belong to T. foetus. Analysis of more sequences is warranted to support this conclusion.
Keywords	Tritrichomonas foetus ; Trichomonosis ; rRNA gene ; Cysteine protease ; Cattle ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America

Yi Yang / Jevan Christie / Liza Köster / Aifang Du / Chaoqun Yao

Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2, p

2021 Volume 440

Abstract: The first case of human babesiosis was reported in the literature in 1957. The clinical disease has sporadically occurred as rare case reports in North America and Europe in the subsequent decades. Since the new millennium, especially in the last decade, ...

Abstract	The first case of human babesiosis was reported in the literature in 1957. The clinical disease has sporadically occurred as rare case reports in North America and Europe in the subsequent decades. Since the new millennium, especially in the last decade, many more cases have apparently appeared not only in these regions but also in Asia, South America, and Africa. More than 20,000 cases of human babesiosis have been reported in North America alone. In several cross-sectional surveys, exposure to Babesia spp. has been demonstrated within urban and rural human populations with clinical babesiosis reported in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. This review serves to highlight the widespread distribution of these tick-borne pathogens in humans, their tick vectors in readily accessible environments such as parks and recreational areas, and their phylogenetic relationships.
Keywords	human babesiosis ; Babesia spp ; Babesia microti ; Babesia divergens ; Babesia venatorum ; Babesia duncani ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Haem transporter HRG-1 is essential in the barber's pole worm and an intervention target candidate.

Yi Yang / Jingru Zhou / Fei Wu / Danni Tong / Xueqiu Chen / Shengjun Jiang / Yu Duan / Chaoqun Yao / Tao Wang / Aifang Du / Robin B Gasser / Guangxu Ma

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e

2023 Volume 1011129

Abstract: Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) have lost genes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of haem, but have evolved the capacity to acquire and utilise exogenous haem from host animals. However, very little is known about the processes or mechanisms ... ...

Abstract	Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) have lost genes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of haem, but have evolved the capacity to acquire and utilise exogenous haem from host animals. However, very little is known about the processes or mechanisms underlying haem acquisition and utilisation in parasites. Here, we reveal that HRG-1 is a conserved and unique haem transporter in a broad range of parasitic nematodes of socioeconomic importance, which enables haem uptake via intestinal cells, facilitates cellular haem utilisation through the endo-lysosomal system, and exhibits a conspicuous distribution at the basal laminae covering the alimentary tract, muscles and gonads. The broader tissue expression pattern of HRG-1 in Haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm) compared with its orthologues in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans indicates critical involvement of this unique haem transporter in haem homeostasis in tissues and organs of the parasitic nematode. RNAi-mediated gene knockdown of hrg-1 resulted in sick and lethal phenotypes of infective larvae of H. contortus, which could only be rescued by supplementation of exogenous haem in the early developmental stage. Notably, the RNAi-treated infective larvae could not establish infection or survive in the mammalian host, suggesting an indispensable role of this haem transporter in the survival of this parasite. This study provides new insights into the haem biology of a parasitic nematode, demonstrates that haem acquisition by HRG-1 is essential for H. contortus survival and infection, and suggests that HRG-1 could be an intervention target candidate in a range of parasitic nematodes.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Transcriptome analysis of bovine lymphocytes stimulated by Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. polysaccharides in vitro

Xu, Wei / Aifang Du / Songhua Hu

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology. 2018 Feb., v. 196

2018

Abstract: Our previous studies demonstrated that total polysaccharides isolated from Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. (RAMPtp) had a therapeutic effect on bovine subclinical mastitis and an immunomodulatory effect on the lymphocytes from the supramammary lymph ... ...

Abstract	Our previous studies demonstrated that total polysaccharides isolated from Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. (RAMPtp) had a therapeutic effect on bovine subclinical mastitis and an immunomodulatory effect on the lymphocytes from the supramammary lymph node (SMLN) in cows. To investigate the potential molecules involved in the immunomodulation, the present study identified 243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RAMPtp-stimulated SMLN lymphocytes by RNA-seq. GO/KEGG enrichment analyses identified 47 significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and 9 canonical pathways. These findings indicated that RAMPtp might stimulate lymphocytes to modulate productions of cytokines and chemokines through multiple compounds, targets and pathways. In particular, the Jak-STAT signaling pathway might be primarily involved in the immunomodulation. The therapeutic effect of RAMPtp on bovine subclinical mastitis may be attributed to activation of SMLN lymphocytes by injection of the polysaccharides in the area of SMLN in cows.
Keywords	chemokines ; cows ; gene ontology ; genes ; immunomodulation ; immunomodulators ; lymph nodes ; lymphocytes ; mastitis ; polysaccharides ; sequence analysis ; signal transduction ; therapeutics ; transcriptomics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-02
Size	p. 30-34.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	754160-0
ISSN	1873-2534 ; 0165-2427
ISSN (online)	1873-2534
ISSN	0165-2427
DOI	10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.12.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Haemonchus contortus Transthyretin-Like Protein TTR-31 Plays Roles in Post-Embryonic Larval Development and Potentially Apoptosis of Germ Cells

Hengzhi Shi / Xiaocui Huang / Xueqiu Chen / Yi Yang / Fei Wu / Chaoqun Yao / Guangxu Ma / Aifang Du

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Transthyretin (TTR)-like proteins play multi-function roles in nematode and are important component of excretory/secretory product in Haemonchus contortus. In this study, we functionally characterised a secretory transthyretin-like protein in the barber’ ... ...

Abstract	Transthyretin (TTR)-like proteins play multi-function roles in nematode and are important component of excretory/secretory product in Haemonchus contortus. In this study, we functionally characterised a secretory transthyretin-like protein in the barber’s pole worm H. contortus. A full-length of transthyretin-like protein-coding gene (Hc-ttr-31) was identified in this parasitic nematode, representing a counterpart of Ce-ttr-31 in Caenorhabditis elegans. High transcriptional levels of Hc-ttr-31 were detected in the egg and early larval stages of H. contortus, with the lowest level measured in the adult stage, indicating a decreased transcriptional pattern of this gene during nematode development. Localisation analysis indicated a secretion of TTR-31 from the intestine to the gonad, suggesting additional roles of Hc-ttr-31 in nematode reproduction. Expression of Hc-ttr-31 and Ce-ttr-31 in C. elegans did not show marked influence on the nematode development and reproduction, whereas Hc-ttr-31 RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown of Ce-ttr-31 shortened the lifespan, decreased the brood size, slowed the pumping rate and inhibited the growth of treated worms. Particularly, gene knockdown of Hc-ttr-31 in C. elegans was linked to activated apoptosis signalling pathway, increased general reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, apoptotic germ cells and facultative vivipary phenotype, as well as suppressed germ cell removal signalling pathways. Taken together, Hc-ttr-31 appears to play roles in regulating post-embryonic larval development, and potentially in protecting gonad from oxidative stress and mediating engulfment of apoptotic germ cells. A better knowledge of these aspects should contribute to a better understanding of the developmental biology of H. contortus and a discovery of potential targets against this and related parasitic worms.
Keywords	Haemonchus contortus ; transthyretin-like protein ; post-embryonic larval development ; apoptosis ; phagocytosis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Zinc Metalloprotease nas-33 Is Required for Molting and Survival in Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus

Yan Huang / Jie Wu / Xueqiu Chen / Danni Tong / Jingru Zhou / Fei Wu / Hui Zhang / Yi Yang / Guangxu Ma / Aifang Du

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Molting is of great importance for the survival and development of nematodes. Nematode astacins (NAS), a large family of zinc metalloproteases, have been proposed as novel anthelmintic targets due to their multiple roles in biological processes of ... ...

Abstract	Molting is of great importance for the survival and development of nematodes. Nematode astacins (NAS), a large family of zinc metalloproteases, have been proposed as novel anthelmintic targets due to their multiple roles in biological processes of parasitic nematodes. In this study, we report a well conserved nas-33 gene in nematodes of clade V and elucidate how this gene is involved in the molting process of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. A predominant transcription of nas-33 is detected in the larval stages of these worms, particularly in the molting process. Knockdown of this gene results in marked molecular changes of genes involved in cuticle synthesis and ecdysis, compromised shedding of the old cuticle, and reduced worm viability in H. contortus. The crucial role of nas-33 in molting is closely associated with a G protein beta subunit (GPB-1). Suppression of both nas-33 and gpb-1 blocks shedding of the old cuticle, compromises the connection between the cuticle and hypodermis, and leads to an increased number of sick and dead worms, indicating essentiality of this module in nematode development and survival. These findings reveal the functional role of nas-33 in nematode molting process and identify astacins as novel anthelmintic targets for parasitic nematodes of socioeconomic significance.
Keywords	nematode astacin ; nas-33 ; gpb-1 ; molting ; anthelmintic target ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development of an Immunochromatographic Test Based on Rhoptry Protein 14 for Serological Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Swine

Yimin Yang / Yechuan Huang / Xianfeng Zhao / Mi Lin / Lulu Chen / Mingxiu Zhao / Xueqiu Chen / Yi Yang / Guangxu Ma / Chaoqun Yao / Siyang Huang / Aifang Du

Animals, Vol 12, Iss 1929, p

2022 Volume 1929

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii , a worldwide distributed apicomplexan protozoan, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and may cause toxoplasmosis. In order to provide a point-of-care detection method for T. gondii infection, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) ... ...

Abstract	Toxoplasma gondii , a worldwide distributed apicomplexan protozoan, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and may cause toxoplasmosis. In order to provide a point-of-care detection method for T. gondii infection, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) was established. The proposed test uses recombinant T. gondii rhoptry protein 14 (ROP14) conjugated with 20 nm gold particles, recombinant protein A as the detection line and monoclonal antibody TgROP14-5D5 as the control line. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and stability of this new ICT were evaluated. rTgROP14 was specifically recognized by positive serum of T. gondii but not negative serum. mAb TgROP14-5D5 showed higher specific recognition of T. gondii antigens and was therefore selected for subsequent colloidal gold strip construction. The new ICT based on TgROP14 exhibited good diagnostic performance with high specificity (86.9%) and sensitivity (90.9%) using IHA as a “reference standard”. Among 436 field porcine sera, ICT and IHA detected 134 (30.7%) and 99 (22.7%) positive samples, respectively. The relative agreement was 87.8%. These data indicate that this new ICT based on TgROP14 is a suitable candidate for routine testing of T. gondii in the field.
Keywords	Toxoplasma gondii ; immunochromatographic test ; TgROP14 ; swine ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel monoclonal antibody-based immunochromatographic strip for detecting citrinin in fruit from Zhejiang province, China.

Haiwei Cheng / Yi Yang / Yifei Chen / Xueqiu Chen / Zizheng Cai / Aifang Du

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 5, p e

2018 Volume 0197179

Abstract: Citrinin (CIT) is a hepato-nephrotoxic fungal metabolite produced by the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monascu. There is an increasing demand for rapid and economical methods for detection CIT residues in fruit. In this study, we developed an ... ...

Abstract	Citrinin (CIT) is a hepato-nephrotoxic fungal metabolite produced by the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monascu. There is an increasing demand for rapid and economical methods for detection CIT residues in fruit. In this study, we developed an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) for detection of citrinin (CIT) residues in fruit for the first time. Anti-CIT monoclonal antibody (McAb) 2B9 was prepared, with a binding affinity of 9.39 × 108 L/moL. Conjugates CIT-BSA and McAb 2B9 were used to develop the ICS which could be completed in 5 min, with the detection limit of 50 ng/mL and no cross reactivity with other mycotoxins. Analysis of CIT in 64 fruit samples revealed that data obtained from the ICS test were in good agreement with indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ic-ELISAs) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This result demonstrated that the ICS test could be used as a rapid, reliable, cost-effective and user-friendly qualitative tool for detection of CIT residues on-site.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A duplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of Fasciola hepatica and Clonorchis sinensis

Yang, Yimin / Aifang Du / Chaoqun Yao / Chen Pan / Minwei Li / Xueqiu Chen / Yi Yang

Elsevier B.V. Veterinary parasitology. 2018 Aug. 15, v. 259

2018

Abstract: Both Fasciola hepatica and Clonorchis sinensis are endemic in China, South Korea, Japan and other Southeast Asian countries. Reliable and sensitive diagnostic methods are needed for detecting their infections in humans and animals. Differential simplex ... ...

Abstract	Both Fasciola hepatica and Clonorchis sinensis are endemic in China, South Korea, Japan and other Southeast Asian countries. Reliable and sensitive diagnostic methods are needed for detecting their infections in humans and animals. Differential simplex and duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were developed. The PCRs targeted the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) (408 bp) of F. hepatica, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (nad2) (527 bp) of C. sinensis. Both simplex PCRs detected as little as 2 pg genomic DNA in one microliter in a 25 μL PCR reaction system. The duplex PCR had similar detection limit as well, and detected as low as one egg in 200 mg feces. These methods were analytical specific with no amplification being observed from the gemonic DNA of Fasciolopsis buski, Haemonchus contortus, Ascaris ovis or Eimeri ahsata. Of 158 sheep fecal samples collected from various farms, four and one samples were PCR-positive for F. hepatica and C. sinensis, respectively. The duplex PCR method described here is time-saving and convenient, and may prove to be an invaluable tool for molecular detection and epidemiological investigation of F. hepatica and C. sinensis in endemic area.
Keywords	Ascaris ; Clonorchis sinensis ; detection limit ; diagnostic techniques ; DNA ; eggs ; epidemiological studies ; farms ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fasciolopsis ; feces ; genes ; Haemonchus contortus ; internal transcribed spacers ; NAD (coenzyme) ; NADH dehydrogenase ; polymerase chain reaction ; sheep ; China ; Japan ; South East Asia ; South Korea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0815
Size	p. 1-5.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.06.019
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: In vitro Anti-parasitic Activity of Pelargonium X. asperum Essential Oil Against Toxoplasma gondii

Si-Yang Huang / Na Yao / Jia-Kang He / Ming Pan / Zhao-Feng Hou / Yi-Min Fan / Aifang Du / Jian-Ping Tao

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a global zoonotic disease, and one-third of the human population is chronically infected by Toxoplasma gondii. Due to the limited effectiveness and prominent side effects of the existing drugs, there is a dire need for the discovery of ... ...

Abstract	Toxoplasmosis is a global zoonotic disease, and one-third of the human population is chronically infected by Toxoplasma gondii. Due to the limited effectiveness and prominent side effects of the existing drugs, there is a dire need for the discovery of new therapeutic options in the treatment of toxoplasmosis. In this study, five essential oils (EO) were screened for their anti-parasitic activity against T. gondii. The cytotoxicity of essential oils was evaluated using the MTT assay on human foreskin fibroblast cells. The CC50 values of Eucalyptus globulus EO, Cupressus sempervirens EO, Citrus aurantifolia EO, Melaleuca alternifolia EO, and Pelargonium X. asperum (Pa) EO were found to be 22.74, 7.25, 15.01, 6.26, and 4.77 mg/mL, respectively. Only PaEO exhibited anti-parasitic activity, and inhibited the growth of T. gondii in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with PaEO, was found to reduce the volume of T. gondii tachyzoites and make their membrane surfaces rough. These results showed that PaEO was able to inhibit the growth of T. gondii by reducing invasion, which may be due to its detrimental effect on the ability of tachyzoites to move. These findings suggest that PaEO could be a potential anti-T. gondii drug, which may facilitate the development of new and effective treatments against toxoplasmosis.
Keywords	Toxoplasma gondii ; natural extraction products ; drug ; development ; Pelargonium X. Asperum EO ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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