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Article: An Epidemiological Investigation of Lassa Fever Outbreak in Ebonyi State South Eastern Nigeria Lessons Learnt (January to March 2018).

Agboeze, Joseph / Nwali, Matthew Igwe / Ajayi, Nnennaya / Chika-Igwenyi, Nneka Marian

Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association

2022 Volume 62, Issue 5, Page(s) 279–283

Abstract: Background: We investigated an outbreak of Lassa fever that occurred in Ebonyi state, Southeast Nigeria from January to March 2018.: Methodology: The Emergency operational centre (EOC) model was used for the outbreak coordination. Cases and deaths ... ...

Abstract	Background: We investigated an outbreak of Lassa fever that occurred in Ebonyi state, Southeast Nigeria from January to March 2018. Methodology: The Emergency operational centre (EOC) model was used for the outbreak coordination. Cases and deaths were identified through the routine surveillance system. Blood specimens collected from suspected cases were sent for confirmation at the Virology Centre, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA). Active case search was instituted, and identified contacts of confirmed cases were followed up for the maximum incubation period of the disease. Other public health responses included infection prevention and control, communication and advocacy as well as case management. Data collected were analysed using the Epi info statistical software package. Results: We identified 89 suspected Lassa Fever (LF) cases out of which 61 were confirmed. The mean age was 35±16.2 and the age group mostly affected was 30-39 years. More than half (59.7%) of the confirmed cases were females. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 26.2% among the laboratory confirmed cases. Five of the deaths occurred among health care workers. Out of 325 contacts of the confirmed cases, 304(99.7%) completed the follow-up and only 1(0.3%) of them developed symptoms consistent with LF and was confirmed by the laboratory. Conclusions: The high CFR in those presenting late to the hospital underscores the need for intensive public enlightenment that encourages early presentation to hospital. Majority of the confirmed cases were primary cases, hence efforts should be intensified in breaking the chain of transmission in the animal-man interphase. Death of healthcare workers involved in management of Lassa fever raises the importance of providing life insurance for concerned healthcare workers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-13
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424429-1
ISSN	0300-1652
ISSN	0300-1652
DOI	10.60787/NMJ-62-5-55
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Article: Positivity Rate, Predictors, and Outcome of Paediatric Lassa Fever Disease (LFD) in a Lassa Fever Endemic State, South-East Nigeria.

Orji, Maria-Lauretta / Ajayi, Nnennaya Anthony / Onyire, Nnamdi Benson / Unigwe, Uche Sonny / Ojide, Chiedozie Kingsley

Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association

2022 Volume 62, Issue 3, Page(s) 133–138

Abstract: Background: The pattern and case fatality rate of Paediatric Lassa fever disease (LFD) is not well documented even in Lassa fever endemic communities.: Aim and objective: This prospective observational study was aimed at determining the pattern and ... ...

Abstract	Background: The pattern and case fatality rate of Paediatric Lassa fever disease (LFD) is not well documented even in Lassa fever endemic communities. Aim and objective: This prospective observational study was aimed at determining the pattern and outcome of Paediatric LFD. Methodology: A total of 183 children that met the criteria for LFD suspects were subjected to the Lassa virus PCR test. The suspects that tested positive were recruited into the study and a structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics. Results: Of the 183 LFD suspects that were tested, 24 of them were positive to Lassa virus PCR, giving a positivity rate of 13.1%. The mean duration of illness before hospital presentation was 8.54 ± 3.83 days. All the subjects had a history of fever. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the two highest presenting complaints after fever. Seven out of 24 children died during the study period, giving a case fatality rate (CFR) of 29.2%. Subjects who presented with convulsions and unconsciousness (OR =10.00, 95% CI= 1.2, 81.81, p=0.020), bleeding (OR =40.00, 95% CI= 12.96, 539.67, p=0.020), poor urine output (OR =40.00, 95% CI= 12.96, 539.67, p=0.020) were more likely to die of LFD compared to their colleagues without such symptoms. Conclusion: The positivity rate and case fatality rate of LFD in children were high. Public enlightenment on the common features of Lassa fever disease and the need to seek health care early for children with febrile illness is advocated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424429-1
ISSN	0300-1652
ISSN	0300-1652
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Article: Evaluation of clinicians' knowledge of and attitudes to Ebola virus disease in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Ajayi, Nnennaya Anthony / Ojide, Chiedozie Kingsley / Ajayi, Immanuel Anthony / Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna

Journal of virus eradication

2019 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 145–151

Abstract: Introduction: Ebola virus disease (EVD) remains a global threat of international concern. Being at the frontline of medical care, clinicians are at high risk of infection. Inadequate knowledge of, or poor attitudes to, EVD among clinicians may lead to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Ebola virus disease (EVD) remains a global threat of international concern. Being at the frontline of medical care, clinicians are at high risk of infection. Inadequate knowledge of, or poor attitudes to, EVD among clinicians may lead to failure in the detection of and timely responses to EVD. We determined the knowledge of and attitudes to EVD among clinicians in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among clinicians attending an EVD training programme in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Knowledge and attitudes of the clinicians were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Of 398 clinicians who participated in the study, 274 (68.8%) were 40 years and below and 312 (78.4%) were male. Most of the clinicians surveyed (298, 74.9%) had worked for 10 years or less, and 354 (88.9%) of them had not undergone any training on EVD. The overall mean knowledge score of EVD among respondents was 42.0 ± 3.9 (maximum 51), and 370 (93.0%) respondents had a good overall knowledge of EVD. Overall, 334 (83.9%) respondents had an appropriate attitude towards EVD control, while 64 (16.1%) had a poor attitude towards EVD control. Only male gender was an independent predictor of good knowledge of EVD (adjusted odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.8-9.0). Conclusions: There was generally a high level of knowledge and good attitude to EVD among the clinicians surveyed. The gaps in knowledge and attitudes identified should inform post-EVD control strategies and future training programmes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2868549-0
ISSN	2055-6659 ; 2055-6640
ISSN (online)	2055-6659
ISSN	2055-6640
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Article ; Online: Possible artemisinin-based combination therapy-resistant malaria in Nigeria: a report of three cases.

Ajayi, Nnennaya Anthony / Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

2013 Volume 46, Issue 4, Page(s) 525–527

Abstract: Artemisinin-based combination therapy-resistant malaria is rare in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization identifies monitoring and surveillance using day-3 parasitaemia post-treatment as the standard test for identifying suspected artemisinin ...

Abstract	Artemisinin-based combination therapy-resistant malaria is rare in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization identifies monitoring and surveillance using day-3 parasitaemia post-treatment as the standard test for identifying suspected artemisinin resistance. We report three cases of early treatment failure due to possible artemisinin-based combination therapy-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. All cases showed adequate clinical and parasitological responses to quinine. This study reveals a need to re-evaluate the quality and efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy agents in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antimalarials/administration & dosage ; Antimalarials/adverse effects ; Artemisinins/administration & dosage ; Artemisinins/adverse effects ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy, Combination/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; Quinine/administration & dosage ; Treatment Failure
Chemical Substances	Antimalarials ; Artemisinins ; artemisinin (9RMU91N5K2) ; Quinine (A7V27PHC7A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-08-15
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1038126-0
ISSN	1678-9849 ; 0037-8682
ISSN (online)	1678-9849
ISSN	0037-8682
DOI	10.1590/0037-8682-0098-2013
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Zs.A 2726: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Field evaluation of validity and feasibility of Pan-Lassa rapid diagnostic test for Lassa fever in Abakaliki, Nigeria: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Elsinga, Jelte / Sunyoto, Temmy / di Stefano, Letizia / Giorgetti, Pier Francesco / Kyi, Htet Aung / Burzio, Chiara / Campos Moreno, Ximena / Ojide, Chiedozie K / Ajayi, Nnennaya / Ewah, Richard / Ogah, Emeka O / Dan-Nwafor, Chioma / Ahumibe, Anthony / Ochu, Chinwe Lucia / Olayinka, Adebola / Jonckheere, Sylvie / Chaillet, Pascale / van Herp, Michel

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2024

Abstract: Background: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever with few options for diagnosis and treatment; it is also under-researched with knowledge gaps on its epidemiology. A point-of-care bedside test diagnosing Lassa fever, adhering to REASSURED criteria, ...

Abstract	Background: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever with few options for diagnosis and treatment; it is also under-researched with knowledge gaps on its epidemiology. A point-of-care bedside test diagnosing Lassa fever, adhering to REASSURED criteria, is not currently available but is urgently needed in west African regions with high Lassa fever burden. We aimed to assess the validity and feasibility of a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to confirm Lassa fever in people in Nigeria. Methods: We estimated the diagnostic performance of the ReLASV Pan-Lassa RDT (Zalgen Labs, Frederick, MD, USA) as a research-use-only test, compared to RT-PCR as a reference standard, in 217 participants at a federal tertiary hospital in Abakaliki, Nigeria. We recruited participants between Feb 17, 2022, and April 17, 2023. The RDT was performed using capillary blood at the patient bedside and using plasma at the laboratory. The performance of the test, based on REASSURED criteria, was assessed for user friendliness, rapidity and robustness, sensitivity, and specificity. Findings: Participants were aged between 0 and 85 years, with a median age of 33·0 years (IQR 22·0-44·3), and 24 participants were younger than 18 years. 107 (50%) participants were women and 109 (50%) were men; one participant had missing sex data. Although the specificity of the Pan-Lassa RDT was high (>90%), sensitivity at bedside using capillary blood was estimated as 4% (95% CI 1-14) at 15 min and 10% (3-22) at 25 min, far below the target of 90%. The laboratory-based RDT using plasma showed better sensitivity (46% [32-61] at 15 min and 50% [36-64] at 25 min) but did not reach the target sensitivity. Among the 52 PCR-positive participants with Lassa fever, positive RDT results were associated with lower cycle threshold values (glycoprotein precursor [GPC] gene mean 30·3 [SD 4·3], Large [L] gene mean 32·3 [3·7] vs GPC gene mean 24·5 [3·9], L gene mean 28·0 [3·6]). Personnel conducting the bedside test procedure reported being hindered by the inconvenient use of full personal protective equipment and long waiting procedures before a result could be read. Interpretation: The Pan-Lassa RDT is not currently recommended as a diagnostic or screening tool for suspected Lassa fever cases. Marked improvement in sensitivity and user friendliness is needed for the RDT to be adopted clinically. There remains an urgent need for better Lassa fever diagnostics to promote safety of in-hospital care and better disease outcomes in low-resource settings. Funding: Médecins Sans Frontières.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00184-1
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Article ; Online: Atypical Mpox in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility.

Chika-Igwenyi, Nneka M / Unigwe, Uche S / Ajayi, Nnennaya A / Onwe, Ogah E / Ewa, Richard L / Ojide, Chiedozie K / Una, Alfred F / Igwenyi, Chikaodiri / Chukwu, Kyrian S / Okorie, Gabriel M / Nnadozie, Ugochukwu U / Ifebunandu, Ngozi A / Ugwu, Collins N / Emeka, Sampson / Ibemesi, Desi / Nnaji, Thomas O / Primus, Nsikan O / Odianosen, Ehiakhamen

The Journal of infectious diseases

2024 Volume 229, Issue Supplement_2, Page(s) S181–S187

Abstract: Background: We describe diverse clinical characteristics and course of confirmed mpox cases managed in a Nigerian tertiary health facility.: Methods: Clinical and epidemiologic data were analyzed, highlighting the unusual presentations of polymerase ... ...

Abstract	Background: We describe diverse clinical characteristics and course of confirmed mpox cases managed in a Nigerian tertiary health facility. Methods: Clinical and epidemiologic data were analyzed, highlighting the unusual presentations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed mpox cases observed during the 2022 outbreak. Results: Out of 17 suspected cases, 13 (76.4%) were PCR confirmed for mpox. The mean ± SD age for the participants was 28.62 ± 10.29 years (range, 2-55), of which 9 (64.3%) were male. Of the 13 PCR-confirmed cases, 5 (38.5%) had varicella zoster virus coinfection, 2 (15.4%) had HIV coinfection, and 1 (7.7%) had diabetes mellitus comorbidity. All patients experienced rash, with 6 (46.2%) having significant genital lesions and 1 (7.7%) having a severe perianal lesion. A lack of prodromal symptoms was reported in 3 (23.1%), and a prolonged prodrome (>1 week) occurred in 5 (38.5%). Skin lesions were polymorphic in 6 (46.2%), and solitary skin lesions occurred in 3 (23.1%), which persisted for >120 days in 7.7%. Conclusions: Clinical recognition, diagnosis, and prevention remain a concern in resource-limited settings. Our findings highlight the need to further evaluate unusual skin lesions and to include mpox screening for genital skin lesions that are presumed to be sexually transmitted infections. Revision of clinical case definition and enhanced surveillance are key to early recognition and prevention of spread.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; Skin ; Black People ; Coinfection ; Health Facilities
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiad607
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Article: Evaluation of clinicians' reporting proficiency and their risk perceptions of Ebola virus disease in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Ajayi, Nnennaya Anthony / Ojide, Chiedozie Kingsley / Ajayi, Immanuel Anthony / Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna

Germs

2017 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 140–148

Abstract: Introduction: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly contagious infection with a high case fatality rate. Thus, there is a crucial need for early detection and reporting of any individual suspected to have EVD in order to facilitate containment ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly contagious infection with a high case fatality rate. Thus, there is a crucial need for early detection and reporting of any individual suspected to have EVD in order to facilitate containment strategies. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinicians' reporting proficiency and their risk perceptions of EVD in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methods: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among clinicians. Consenting clinicians completed a structured questionnaire on the reporting of and their risk perceptions about EVD. Predictors of reporting proficiency and risk perceptions of EVD were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 398 clinicians completed the survey, 312 (78.4%) were male. The average duration of the respondent's clinical practice was 5.0, 8.0, and 8.9 years for those working in primary, secondary and tertiary hospitals, respectively. The overall mean±SD knowledge score for proficiency in reporting was 4.4±0.6 (out of a maximum of 5), and 380 (95.5%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of the modalities of reporting suspected EVD cases. The overall mean±SD risk perception score was 5.6±1.2 (out of a maximum of 10) and only 202 (50.8%) of the respondents had accurate risk estimates towards EVD control. Only male sex was a predictor of accurate risk perception of EVD (aOR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1-2.9). Conclusion: There was a high level of knowledge of reporting modalities regarding EVD among the clinicians; however, only approximately half of them had accurate risk perception towards EVD. The gaps identified should inform post-EVD control strategies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01
Publishing country	Romania
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649305-6
ISSN	2248-2997
ISSN	2248-2997
DOI	10.18683/germs.2017.1119
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Article: Widespread arenavirus occurrence and seroprevalence in small mammals, Nigeria

Olayemi, Ayodeji / Adesina, Adetunji Samuel / Ajayi, Nnennaya Anthony / Fichet-Calvet, Elisabeth / Günther, Stephan / Igbokwe, Joseph / Obadare, Adeoba / Onwe, Francis / Oyeyiola, Akinlabi / Rieger, Toni / Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna

Parasites & vectors. 2018 Dec., v. 11, no. 1

2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lassa fever, killing thousands of people annually, is the most reported viral zoonotic disease in Nigeria. Recently, different rodent species carrying diverse lineages of the Lassa virus (LASV) in addition to a novel Mobala-like genetic ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Lassa fever, killing thousands of people annually, is the most reported viral zoonotic disease in Nigeria. Recently, different rodent species carrying diverse lineages of the Lassa virus (LASV) in addition to a novel Mobala-like genetic sequence were detected within the country. Here, screening 906 small mammal specimens from 11 localities for IgG antibodies and incorporating previous PCR detection data involving the same populations, we further describe arenavirus prevalence across Nigeria in relation to host species and geographical location. METHODS: Small mammals were trapped during the period 2011–2015 according to geographical location (endemic and non-endemic zones for Lassa fever), season (rainy and dry seasons between 2011 and 2012 for certain localities) and habitat (indoors, peridomestic settings and sylvatic vegetation). Identification of animal specimens from genera such as Mastomys and Mus (Nannomys) was assisted by DNA sequencing. Small mammals were tested for LASV IgG antibody using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). RESULTS: Small mammals were infected in both the endemic and non-endemic zones for Lassa fever, with a wider range of species IgG-positive (n = 8) than those which had been previously detected to be PCR-positive (n = 3). IgG-positive species, according to number of infected individuals, were Mastomys natalensis (n = 40), Mastomys erythroleucus (n = 15), Praomys daltoni (n = 6), Mus baoulei (n = 5), Rattus rattus (n = 2), Crocidura spp. (n = 2), Mus minutoides (n = 1) and Praomys misonnei (n = 1). Multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis and M. erythroleucus) were the most ubiquitously infected, with animals testing positive by either PCR or IgG in 7 out of the 11 localities sampled. IgG prevalence in M. natalensis ranged from 1% in Abagboro, 17–36 % in Eguare Egoro, Ekpoma and Ngel Nyaki, up to 52 % in Mayo Ranewo. Prevalence according to locality, season and age was not, however, statistically significant for M. natalensis in Eguare Egoro and Ekpoma, localities that were sampled longitudinally. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our study demonstrates that arenavirus occurrence is probably more widely distributed geographically and in extent of host taxa than is currently realized. This expanded scope should be taken into consideration in Lassa fever control efforts. Further sampling should also be carried out to isolate and characterize potential arenaviruses present in small mammal populations we found to be seropositive.
Keywords	antibodies ; Crocidura ; dry season ; fever ; fluorescent antibody technique ; habitats ; hosts ; immunoglobulin G ; Lassa virus ; Mastomys natalensis ; mice ; Mus ; polymerase chain reaction ; Praomys ; Rattus rattus ; screening ; sequence analysis ; seroprevalence ; small mammals ; vegetation ; zoonoses ; Nigeria
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 416.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-018-2991-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Immunological insights into COVID-19 in Southern Nigeria.

Ugwu, Chinedu A / Alao, Oluwasina / John, Oluwagboadurami G / Akinnawo, Blossom / Ajayi, Israel / Odebode, Ooreofe / Bejide, Ifeoluwa / Campbell, Allan / Campbell, Julian / Adole, Jolly A / B Olawoye, Idowu / Akano, Kazeem / Okolie, Johnson / Eromon, Philomena / Olaitan, Peter / Olagunoye, Ajibola / Adebayo, Ibukun / Adebayo, Victor / Babalola, Elizabeth /

Abioye, Omowumi / Ajayi, Nnennaya / Ogah, Emeka / Ukwaja, Kingsley / Okoro, Sylvanus / Oje, Ogbonnaya / Kingsley, Ojide Chiedozie / Eke, Matthew / Onyia, Venatius / Achonduh-Atijegbe, Olivia / Ewah, Friday Elechi / Obasi, Mary / Igwe, Violet / Ayodeji, Olufemi / Chukwuyem, Abejegah / Owhin, Sampson / Oyejide, Nicholas / Abah, Sylvester / Ingbian, Winifred / Osoba, Moyosoore / Alebiosu, Ahmed / Nadesalingam, Angalee / Aguinam, Ernest T / Carnell, George / Krause, Nina / Chan, Andrew / George, Charlotte / Kinsley, Rebecca / Tonks, Paul / Temperton, Nigel / Heeney, Jonathan / Happi, Christian

Frontiers in immunology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1305586

Abstract: Introduction: One of the unexpected outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic was the relatively low levels of morbidity and mortality in Africa compared to the rest of the world. Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, accounted for less than 0.01% of the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: One of the unexpected outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic was the relatively low levels of morbidity and mortality in Africa compared to the rest of the world. Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, accounted for less than 0.01% of the global COVID-19 fatalities. The factors responsible for Nigeria's relatively low loss of life due to COVID-19 are unknown. Also, the correlates of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and the impact of pre-existing immunity on the outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa are yet to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the natural and vaccine-induced immune responses from vaccinated, non-vaccinated and convalescent individuals in Southern Nigeria throughout the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. We also examined the pre-existing immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 from samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used spike RBD and N- IgG antibody ELISA to measure binding antibody responses, SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype assay protocol expressing the spike protein of different variants (D614G, Delta, Beta, Omicron BA1) to measure neutralizing antibody responses and nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S1, S2) direct ex vivo interferon gamma (IFNγ) T cell ELISpot to measure T cell responses. Result: Our study demonstrated a similar magnitude of both binding (N-IgG (74% and 62%), S-RBD IgG (70% and 53%) and neutralizing (D614G (49% and 29%), Delta (56% and 47%), Beta (48% and 24%), Omicron BA1 (41% and 21%)) antibody responses from symptomatic and asymptomatic survivors in Nigeria. A similar magnitude was also seen among vaccinated participants. Interestingly, we revealed the presence of preexisting binding antibodies (N-IgG (60%) and S-RBD IgG (44%)) but no neutralizing antibodies from samples collected prior to the pandemic. Discussion: These findings revealed that both vaccinated, non-vaccinated and convalescent individuals in Southern Nigeria make similar magnitude of both binding and cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses. It supported the presence of preexisting binding antibody responses among some Nigerians prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, hybrid immunity and heterologous vaccine boosting induced the strongest binding and broadly neutralizing antibody responses compared to vaccine or infection-acquired immunity alone.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; COVID-19/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay ; Immunoglobulin G ; Nigeria ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; West African People
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1305586
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Early onset of neurological features differentiates two outbreaks of Lassa fever in Ebonyi state, Nigeria during 2017-2018.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2021 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e0009169

Abstract: Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness with various non-specific clinical manifestations. Neurological symptoms are rare at the early stage of the disease, but may be seen in late stages, in severely ill patients.The aim of this study ... ...

Abstract	Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic illness with various non-specific clinical manifestations. Neurological symptoms are rare at the early stage of the disease, but may be seen in late stages, in severely ill patients.The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological evolution, socio-demographic profiles, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients seen during two Lassa fever outbreaks in Ebonyi State, between December 2017 and December 2018. Routinely collected clinical data from all patients admitted to the Virology Centre of the hospital during the period were analysed retrospectively. Out of a total of 83 cases, 70(84.3%) were RT-PCR confirmed while 13 (15.7%) were probable cases. Sixty-nine (83.1%) patients were seen in outbreak 1 of whom 53.6% were urban residents, while 19%, 15%, and 10% were farmers, students and health workers respectively. There were 14 (16.8%) patients, seen in second outbreak with 92.9% rural residents. There were differences in clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory findings between the two outbreaks. The case fatality rates were 29.9% in outbreak 1 and 85.7% for outbreak 2. Neurological features and abnormal laboratory test results were associated with higher mortality rate, seen in outbreak 2. This study revealed significant differences between the two outbreaks. Of particular concern was the higher case fatality during the outbreak 2 which may be from a more virulent strain of the Lassa virus. This has important public health implications and further molecular studies are needed to better define its characteristics.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Consciousness Disorders ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Lassa Fever/epidemiology ; Lassa Fever/mortality ; Lassa Fever/pathology ; Lassa virus/genetics ; Lassa virus/isolation & purification ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rural Population ; Seizures ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0009169
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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