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  1. Article ; Online: Regulation of innate immune and inflammatory responses by supersulfides.

    Tsutsuki, Hiroyasu / Zhang, Tianli / Akaike, Takaaki / Sawa, Tomohiro

    International immunology

    2024  Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 143–154

    Abstract: Innate immunity plays an important role in host defense against microbial infections. It also participates in activation of acquired immunity through cytokine production and antigen presentation. Pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors ... ...

    Abstract Innate immunity plays an important role in host defense against microbial infections. It also participates in activation of acquired immunity through cytokine production and antigen presentation. Pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors sense invading pathogens and associated tissue injury, after which inflammatory mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide are induced. Supersulfides are molecular species possessing catenated sulfur atoms such as persulfide and polysulfide moieties. They have recently been recognized as important regulators in cellular redox homeostasis by acting as potent antioxidants and nucleophiles. In addition, recent studies suggested that supersulfides are critically involved in the regulation of innate immune and inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the chemistry and biology of supersulfides, with particular attention to their roles in regulation of innate immune, and inflammatory responses. Studies with animal models of infection and inflammation demonstrated the potent anti-inflammatory functions of supersulfides such as blocking pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, reducing oxidative stresses, and inhibiting replication of microbial pathogens including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Precise understanding of how supersulfides regulate innate immune responses is the necessary requirement for developing supersulfide-based diagnostic as well as therapeutic strategies against inflammatory disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Immunity, Innate ; Adaptive Immunity ; Signal Transduction ; Cytokines ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1013745-2
    ISSN 1460-2377 ; 0953-8178
    ISSN (online) 1460-2377
    ISSN 0953-8178
    DOI 10.1093/intimm/dxad057
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: What triggers inflammation in COVID-19?

    Sawa, Tomohiro / Akaike, Takaaki

    eLife

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 triggers macrophages and epithelial cells to produce excess levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, which can do more harm than good. ...

    Abstract The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 triggers macrophages and epithelial cells to produce excess levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, which can do more harm than good.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/virology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/virology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.76231
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Reactive Sulfur Species Omics Analysis in the Brain Tissue of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

    Kinno, Ayaka / Kasamatsu, Shingo / Akaike, Takaaki / Ihara, Hideshi

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 5

    Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whereby oxidative stress augmentation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whereby oxidative stress augmentation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as glutathione hydropersulfide (GSSH), is endogenously produced, functions as potent antioxidants, and regulate redox signaling through the formation of protein polysulfides. However, the relationship between RSS and AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed endogenous RSS production in the brain tissue of a familial AD model (5xFAD) mouse using multiple RSS-omics approaches. Memory impairment, increased amyloid plaques, and neuroinflammation have been confirmed in 5xFAD mice. Quantitative RSS omics analysis revealed that the total polysulfide content was significantly decreased in the brains of 5xFAD mice, whereas there was no significant difference in the levels of glutathione, GSSH, or hydrogen sulfide between wild-type and 5xFAD mice. In contrast, a significant decline in the protein polysulfide status was observed in the brains of 5xFAD mice, suggesting that RSS production and subsequent redox signaling might be altered during the onset and progression of AD. Our findings have important implications for understanding the significance of RSS in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox12051105
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Redox Regulation of Xenobiotics by Reactive Sulfur and Supersulfide Species.

    Zhang, Tianli / Akaike, Takaaki / Sawa, Tomohiro

    Antioxidants & redox signaling

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 10-12, Page(s) 679–690

    Abstract: Significance: ...

    Abstract Significance:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Xenobiotics/metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism ; Sulfides
    Chemical Substances persulfides ; Xenobiotics ; polysulfide (9080-49-3) ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; Sulfhydryl Compounds ; Sulfides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1483836-9
    ISSN 1557-7716 ; 1523-0864
    ISSN (online) 1557-7716
    ISSN 1523-0864
    DOI 10.1089/ars.2022.0172
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Reactive Sulfur Species Omics Analysis in the Brain Tissue of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

    Kinno, Ayaka / Kasamatsu, Shingo / Akaike, Takaaki / Ihara, Hideshi

    Antioxidants. 2023 May 16, v. 12, no. 5

    2023  

    Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whereby oxidative stress augmentation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whereby oxidative stress augmentation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as glutathione hydropersulfide (GSSH), is endogenously produced, functions as potent antioxidants, and regulate redox signaling through the formation of protein polysulfides. However, the relationship between RSS and AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed endogenous RSS production in the brain tissue of a familial AD model (5xFAD) mouse using multiple RSS-omics approaches. Memory impairment, increased amyloid plaques, and neuroinflammation have been confirmed in 5xFAD mice. Quantitative RSS omics analysis revealed that the total polysulfide content was significantly decreased in the brains of 5xFAD mice, whereas there was no significant difference in the levels of glutathione, GSSH, or hydrogen sulfide between wild-type and 5xFAD mice. In contrast, a significant decline in the protein polysulfide status was observed in the brains of 5xFAD mice, suggesting that RSS production and subsequent redox signaling might be altered during the onset and progression of AD. Our findings have important implications for understanding the significance of RSS in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD.
    Keywords amyloid ; apoptosis ; brain ; glutathione ; hydrogen sulfide ; memory disorders ; mice ; mitochondria ; models ; neurodegenerative diseases ; oxidative stress ; pathogenesis ; sulfur ; therapeutics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0516
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox12051105
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: NRF2 signalling in cytoprotection and metabolism.

    Murakami, Shohei / Kusano, Yusuke / Okazaki, Keito / Akaike, Takaaki / Motohashi, Hozumi

    British journal of pharmacology

    2023  

    Abstract: The KEAP1-NRF2 system plays a central role in cytoprotection in defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. The KEAP1-NRF2 system has been regarded as a sulfur-utilizing cytoprotective mechanism, because KEAP1 serves as a biosensor for electrophiles by ... ...

    Abstract The KEAP1-NRF2 system plays a central role in cytoprotection in defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. The KEAP1-NRF2 system has been regarded as a sulfur-utilizing cytoprotective mechanism, because KEAP1 serves as a biosensor for electrophiles by using its reactive thiols and NRF2 is a transcriptional factor regulating genes involved in sulfur-mediated redox reactions. NRF2 is a key regulator of cytoprotective genes, such as antioxidant and detoxification genes, and also possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. Recently NRF2 has been the focus of attention as a regulator of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function. The NRF2-mediated regulatory mechanisms of metabolites and mitochondria have been considered diverse, but have not yet been fully clarified. This review article provides an overview of molecular mechanisms that regulate NRF2 signalling and its cytoprotective roles, and highlights NRF2 contribution to cellular metabolism, particularly in the context of mitochondrial function and newly-found sulfur metabolism.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80081-8
    ISSN 1476-5381 ; 0007-1188
    ISSN (online) 1476-5381
    ISSN 0007-1188
    DOI 10.1111/bph.16246
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: [Host defense and oxidative stress signaling in bacterial infection
].

    Akaike, Takaaki

    Nihon saikingaku zasshi. Japanese journal of bacteriology

    2015  Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 339–349

    Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during infection are involved critically in host defense mechanisms. It is quite important to physiologically regulate ROS, such as superoxide, and NO. These reactive species produced in excess ...

    Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during infection are involved critically in host defense mechanisms. It is quite important to physiologically regulate ROS, such as superoxide, and NO. These reactive species produced in excess may cause oxidative damage of biological molecules. An important cytoprotective and antimicrobial function of NO and ROS is mediated by induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The signaling mechanism of this HO-1 induction has remained unclear, however. We discovered in 2007 a unique second messenger, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), that mediates electrophilic signal transduction during oxidative stress and other cellular redox signaling in general. 8-Nitro-cGMP is formed via guanine nitration with NO and ROS, and in fact, NO-dependent 8-nitro-cGMP formation and HO-1 induction were identified in Salmonella-infected mice. HO-1 induction was regulated solely by 8-nitro-cGMP formed in cells, and more important, its potent anti-apoptotic function was evident in such a Salmonella infection. 8-Nitro-cGMP has a potent cytoprotective function, of which signaling appears to be mediated via protein sulfhydryls to generate a post-translational modification called protein S-guanylation. 8-Nitro-cGMP specifically S-guanylates Keap1, a negative regulator of transcription factor Nrf2, which in turn up-regulates transcription of HO-1. Our recent study revealed that the autophagy might be involved in the 8-nitro-cGMP-dependent antimicrobial effect. The 8-nitro-cGMP signaling was also found to be regulated by reactive sulfur species that have superior antioxidant activity and unique signaling function. This review will discuss a new paradigm of the host defense that operates via formation of a unique cell signaling molecule, 8-nitro-cGMP, during microbial infections.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Infections/immunology ; Cytokines/physiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation Mediators/physiology ; Interferons/physiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Nitric Oxide/physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/physiology ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Phagocytosis ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Inflammation Mediators ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Interferons (9008-11-1) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39)
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604101-2
    ISSN 1882-4110 ; 0021-4930
    ISSN (online) 1882-4110
    ISSN 0021-4930
    DOI 10.3412/jsb.70.339
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: [Reactive oxygen species signaling and redox homeostasis regulated by 8-nitro-cGMP].

    Akaike, Takaaki

    Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

    2014  Volume 134, Issue 4, Page(s) 515–519

    Abstract: An emerging aspect of redox signaling is the signaling pathway mediated by electrophilic byproducts, such as nitrated cyclic nucleotide (8-nitro-cGMP), generated via reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, and their secondary products. We ... ...

    Abstract An emerging aspect of redox signaling is the signaling pathway mediated by electrophilic byproducts, such as nitrated cyclic nucleotide (8-nitro-cGMP), generated via reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, and their secondary products. We recently clarified that enzymatically-generated hydrosulfide derivatives regulate the metabolism and signaling of 8-nitro-cGMP. Although hydrogen sulfide was proposed to be a gaseous signaling mediator, its exact nature and physiological functions remain obscure. We thus found that particular hydropersulfide derivatives rather than hydrogen sulfide greatly ameliorated chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction in vivo in mice. This potent cardioprotective effect resulted from strong suppression of H-Ras signaling activated by electrophilic stimulation with 8-nitro-cGMP functioning as a second messenger for the redox signaling induced by NO and ROS. A significant amount of 8-nitro-cGMP was formed in the heart tissue after myocardial infarction, and hydrogen sulfide exogenously administered completely nullified this formation. We have reportedly shown that hydropersulfide effectively thiolated electrophiles in cells, which is best represented by 8-nitro-cGMP. Our current study indicates that electrophile thiolation may be a unique mechanism regulating ROS signaling and redox homeostasis, which may thus promote further development of prophylactic and therapeutic options for oxidative stress-related diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cyclic GMP/analogs & derivatives ; Cyclic GMP/chemistry ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proteins/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate ; Proteins ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2014-07-08
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 200514-1
    ISSN 1347-5231 ; 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    ISSN (online) 1347-5231
    ISSN 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    DOI 10.1248/yakushi.13-00251-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Development of methods for quantitative determination of the total and reactive polysulfides: Reactive polysulfide profiling in vegetables

    Kasamatsu, Shingo / Kinno, Ayaka / Hishiyama, Jun-ichi / Akaike, Takaaki / Ihara, Hideshi

    Food Chemistry. 2023 Feb. 04, p.135610-

    2023  , Page(s) 135610–

    Abstract: Alliaceous and cruciferous vegetables are rich in bioactive organosulfur compounds, including polysulfides, which exhibit a broad spectrum of potential health benefits. Here, we developed novel, accurate, and reproducible methods to quantify the total ... ...

    Abstract Alliaceous and cruciferous vegetables are rich in bioactive organosulfur compounds, including polysulfides, which exhibit a broad spectrum of potential health benefits. Here, we developed novel, accurate, and reproducible methods to quantify the total polysulfide content (TPsC) and the reactive polysulfide content (RPsC) using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry, and analyzed the reactive polysulfide profiles of 22 types of fresh vegetables, including onions, garlic, and broccoli. Quantitative analyses revealed that onions contained the largest amounts of polysulfides, followed by broccoli, Chinese chive, and garlic. A strong positive correlation was observed between the TPsC and RPsC, whereas only a moderate positive correlation was found between the total sulfur content and TPsC. These results suggest that reactive polysulfide profiling can be a novel criterion for evaluating the beneficial functions of vegetables and their derivatives, which may lead to an understanding of the detailed mechanisms underlying their bioactivities.
    Keywords Allium tuberosum ; Brassicaceae ; broccoli ; food chemistry ; garlic ; mass spectrometry ; quantitative analysis ; sulfur ; CAPS ; FA ; DAS ; DAS3 ; DAS4 ; DMS ; DMS2 ; DTT ; GSH ; GS3G ; GS4G ; ICP-OES ; LC-ESI-MS/MS ; RPsC ; TPsC ; Tris ; TSC ; SE ; organosulfur compound ; polysulfide ; onion ; Allium ; Brassica
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0204
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 243123-3
    ISSN 1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
    ISSN (online) 1873-7072
    ISSN 0308-8146
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135610
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Development of an anti-oxidative intraocular irrigating solution based on reactive persulfides.

    Kunikata, Hiroshi / Tawarayama, Hiroshi / Tsuda, Satoru / Akaike, Takaaki / Nakazawa, Toru

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 19243

    Abstract: Anti-oxidative intraocular irrigating solutions (IISs) based on reactive persulfides, such as oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), are commonly used worldwide. However, even with GSSG-based IISs, it has been shown that oxidative stress can occur during ...

    Abstract Anti-oxidative intraocular irrigating solutions (IISs) based on reactive persulfides, such as oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), are commonly used worldwide. However, even with GSSG-based IISs, it has been shown that oxidative stress can occur during surgery, posing a risk to intraocular tissues. This study compared two IISs: one containing GSSG and one containing an oxidized glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG). Experimental in vivo irrigation with the IISs in rabbits showed that there was less leakage into the anterior chamber of rabbit serum albumin during perfusion with a 300-μM GSSSG IIS than with a 300-μM GSSG IIS. Experimental in vivo cataract surgery in rabbits showed that aqueous flare was suppressed 3 days after surgery with a 600-μM GSSSG IIS, but not with a 300-μM GSSSG or 300-μM GSSG IIS. Furthermore, an in vitro experiment, without any live tissue, showed that reactive oxygen species were suppressed more strongly with a 600-μM GSSSG IIS than with a 300-μM GSSG IIS. Thus, this study found that novel IISs based on GSSSG had anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects during and after intraocular surgery and may decrease the rate of complications after surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Rabbits ; Glutathione Disulfide ; Sulfides/pharmacology ; Glutathione ; Aqueous Humor ; Cataract Extraction
    Chemical Substances Glutathione Disulfide (ULW86O013H) ; persulfides ; Sulfides ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-21677-4
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