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Article ; Online: Growth Characteristics of Seven Willow Species Distributed in Eastern Japan in Response to Compost Application

Masazumi Kayama / Satoshi Kikuchi / Akira Uemura / Masayoshi Takahashi

Forests, Vol 14, Iss 606, p

2023 Volume 606

Abstract: To establish a short rotation coppice (SRC) system in the temperate region of East Asia, planting was conducted for cuttings from seven species, including Salix eriocarpa , S. gilgiana , S. gracilistyla , S. integra , S. sachalinensis , S. serissaefolia , ...

Abstract	To establish a short rotation coppice (SRC) system in the temperate region of East Asia, planting was conducted for cuttings from seven species, including Salix eriocarpa , S. gilgiana , S. gracilistyla , S. integra , S. sachalinensis , S. serissaefolia , and S. subfragilis , with wide distribution in eastern Japan. During cultivation, cheap compost derived from swine manure and containing high concentrations of various nutrients was added. Three treatment groups, including control, low manure (5 Mg ha −1 ), and high manure (10 Mg ha −1 ) treatments, were established, and seven willows were grown for two complete growing seasons to obtain the clone density of 10,000 cuttings ha −1 . The manure treatments accelerated the growth of all the willow species after two growing seasons. The averages of annual biomass production of seven willows grown under the control, low manure, and high manure treatments were 0.2 Mg ha −1 yr −1 , 5.3 Mg ha −1 yr −1 , and 8.5 Mg ha −1 yr −1 , respectively. By comparing with the biomasses of seven willows, the largest annual biomass production rates of 14.1 and 13.7 Mg ha −1 yr −1 were observed in the high manure treatments of S. sachalinensis and S. subfragilis , respectively. For two species under the high manure treatment, S. sachalinensis had the thickest shoots, and S. subfragilis had the tallest shoots. These growth characteristics of S. sachalinensis and S. subfragilis originate from their high biomass production. Overall, these results suggest that S. sachalinensis and S. subfragilis are potentially feasible candidates for the SRC system in temperate regions of East Asia.
Keywords	willow ; swine manure ; vector analysis ; nutrients ; photosynthesis ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Species-Specific Nitrogen Resorption Efficiency in Quercus mongolica and Acer mono in Response to Elevated CO 2 and Soil N Deficiency

Hiroyuki Tobita / Mitsutoshi Kitao / Akira Uemura / Hajime Utsugi

Forests, Vol 12, Iss 1034, p

2021 Volume 1034

Abstract: To test the effects of elevated CO 2 and soil N deficiency on N resorption efficiency (NRE) from senescing leaves in two non-N 2 -fixing deciduous broadleaved tree species, Japanese oak ( Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata Blume) and Painted maple ( ... ...

Abstract	To test the effects of elevated CO 2 and soil N deficiency on N resorption efficiency (NRE) from senescing leaves in two non-N 2 -fixing deciduous broadleaved tree species, Japanese oak ( Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata Blume) and Painted maple ( Acer mono Maxim. var. glabrum (Lév. Et Van’t.) Hara), potted seedlings were grown in a natural daylight phytotron with either ambient or elevated CO 2 conditions (36 Pa and 72 Pa CO 2 ) and with two levels of N (52.5 and 5.25 mg N pot −1 week −1 for high N and low N, respectively). We examined the N content ( N mass ) of mature and senescent leaves, as well as photosynthesis and the growth of plants, and calculated both the mass-based NRE ( N RE mass ) and leaf area-based NRE ( N RE area ). In both species, the N mass of mature leaves decreased with high CO 2 and low N, whereas the leaf mass per area (LMA) increased under elevated CO 2 , regardless of N treatments. In Q. mongolica , both the maximum rate of carboxylation ( V cmax ) and the maximum electron transport rate ( J max ) were reduced by elevated CO 2 and low N, but V cmax exhibited an interactive effect of N and CO 2 treatments. However, in A. mono , both the V cmax and J max decreased under elevated CO 2 , regardless of N treatments. The partitioning of N for the photosynthetic function within leaves was also significantly decreased by elevated CO 2 in both species and increased under low N in A. mono. The N mass of senesced leaves decreased under low N in both species and exhibited an increase ( Q. mongolica ) or no effect ( A. mono ) by elevated CO 2 . The N RE area of Q. mongolica was affected by CO 2 and N treatments, with a decrease under elevated CO 2 compared to ambient CO 2 and under low N compared to high N. The N RE area of A. mono was also affected by CO 2 and N treatments and decreased under elevated CO 2 however, unlike in the case of Q. mongolica , it increased under low N. We speculate that these interspecific differences in the responses of leaf N allocation, indicated by the ...
Keywords	leaf litter ; leaf mass per area ; photosynthetic downregulation ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High Biomass Productivity of Short-Rotation Willow Plantation in Boreal Hokkaido Achieved by Mulching and Cutback

Qingmin Han / Hisanori Harayama / Akira Uemura / Eriko Ito / Hajime Utsugi / Mitsutoshi Kitao / Yutaka Maruyama

Forests, Vol 11, Iss 505, p

2020 Volume 505

Abstract: Weed control, which is commonly achieved by herbicides, is important in successfully establishing short-rotation coppice (SRC) of willow. In this study, we examined agricultural mulch film as a means of effective weed control and the influence of cutback ...

Abstract	Weed control, which is commonly achieved by herbicides, is important in successfully establishing short-rotation coppice (SRC) of willow. In this study, we examined agricultural mulch film as a means of effective weed control and the influence of cutback practice (coppicing the first year’s shoot growth in the winter following planting) on biomass production in boreal Hokkaido, Japan. One-year-old cuttings from two clones each of Salix pet-susu and S. sachalinensis were planted in double-rows at a density of 20,000 plants ha −1 . All plants were harvested three growing seasons after cutback. Average oven-dried biomass yield was 5.67 t ha −1 yr −1 with mulching, whereas it was 0.46 t ha −1 yr −1 in the unmulched control with a weed biomass of 4.13 t ha −1 yr −1 , indicating that mulching was an effective weed control. However, weeds grew vigorously on the ground between mulch sheets and their dry biomass amounted to 0.87 t ha −1 yr −1 . Further weeding between the mulch sheets enhanced the willow biomass yield to 10.70 t ha −1 yr −1 in the treatment with cutback. In contrast, cutback even reduced the willow yield when there were weeds between the mulch sheets. This negative effect of cutback on the willow yield resulted from nutrient competition with weeds; there was similar leaf nitrogen content and dry biomass per unit land area for the weeds and willows combined in the control and mulching treatments. These results suggest that growing SRC willow is feasible in boreal Hokkaido if combined with complete weed control and cutback, and is facilitated by using mulch film.
Keywords	cutback ; mulch ; Salix ; short-rotation coppice ; weed control ; woody biomass ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A practical approach to estimate diffusional leakages of leaf chamber of open gas exchange systems using intact leaves

Kitao, Mitsutoshi / Hisanori Harayama / Akira Uemura

Plant, cell and environment. 2017 Nov., v. 40, no. 11

2017

Abstract: We propose a novel approach to determine the coefficient of COâ diffusional leakage (k_COâ) in the chamber of a portable open gas exchange system (Liâ6400, LiâCor Inc., NE, USA) using intact leaves. Assuming that dark respiration rate (Râ) is ... ...

Abstract	We propose a novel approach to determine the coefficient of COâ diffusional leakage (k_COâ) in the chamber of a portable open gas exchange system (Liâ6400, LiâCor Inc., NE, USA) using intact leaves. Assuming that dark respiration rate (Râ) is constant at various COâ concentrations, at least in a short term, k_COâ should be the value that makes the leakâcorrected Râ constant. We used 2 representative tree species native to northern Japan, Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) and Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula), to determine k_COâ, by measuring Râ at various COâ concentrations. Irrespective of the species, k_COâ estimated by the present approach was well correlated with the diffusional leak coefficient (k_fââw) estimated by the generally used approach that utilizes COâ concentrations inside and outside the chamber based on thermally killed leaves at various flow rates. Furthermore, the present approach does not require the ambient COâ concentration outside the chamber (Câ) if Câ in the laboratory is stable, which provides a feasible way to correct the photosynthetic rate, taking diffusional leakage into account.
Keywords	Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica ; Quercus mongolica ; carbon dioxide ; cell respiration ; gas exchange ; indigenous species ; leaves ; photosynthesis ; trees ; Japan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-11
Size	p. 2870-2874.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	391893-2
ISSN	1365-3040 ; 0140-7791
ISSN (online)	1365-3040
ISSN	0140-7791
DOI	10.1111/pce.13032
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Estimation of Yield Loss Due to Deer Browsing in a Short Rotation Coppice Willow Plantation in Northern Japan

Hisanori Harayama / Qingmin Han / Makoto Ishihara / Mitsutoshi Kitao / Akira Uemura / Shozo Sasaki / Takeshi Yamada / Hajime Utsugi / Yutaka Maruyama

Forests, Vol 11, Iss 809, p

2020 Volume 809

Abstract: Deer browsing is a major factor causing significant declines in yield in short rotation coppice (SRC) willow, but the resultant yield loss is difficult to estimate because it requires extensive investigation, especially when the standard yield is unknown. ...

Abstract	Deer browsing is a major factor causing significant declines in yield in short rotation coppice (SRC) willow, but the resultant yield loss is difficult to estimate because it requires extensive investigation, especially when the standard yield is unknown. We investigated a simple method for estimating yield loss due to deer browsing. We enclosed an experimental SRC willow plantation in Hokkaido, northern Japan, planted with 12 clones, with an electric fence; deer browsing did, however, occur in the first summer of the second harvest cycle. We counted the number of sprouting stems and deer-browsed stems per plant and, after three years, the yield of each clone was analyzed using a generalized linear model with the above two parameters for the numbers of stems as explanatory variables. The model explained the yield of 11 out of the 12 clones, and estimated that browsing of a single stem per plant could reduce yield to 80%. Losses due to deer browsing were estimated to be as much as 6.0 oven dry ton ha −1 yr −1 . The potential yield in the absence of deer browsing ranged from 2.2 to 7.5 oven dry ton ha −1 yr −1 among clones, and was significantly positively correlated with the estimated yield loss due to deer browsing. Our results suggest that a generalized linear model can be used to estimate the yield loss due to deer browsing from a simple survey, and deer browsing could significantly reduce willow biomass yield from the clones we studied, and thus countermeasures to control deer browsing are therefore necessary if sufficient willow biomass yield is to be produced.
Keywords	deer browsing ; Salix ; short rotation coppice ; woody biomass ; yield loss ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Springtime photoinhibition constrains regeneration of forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis after a removal of canopy trees during winter

Mitsutoshi Kitao / Hisanori Harayama / Qingmin Han / Evgenios Agathokleous / Akira Uemura / Naoyuki Furuya / Satoshi Ishibashi

Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract A clear-cutting of canopy trees during winter often causes severe foliar damage during the following spring in forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis, a typical shade-tolerant evergreen coniferous species. The maximum photochemical ... ...

Abstract	Abstract A clear-cutting of canopy trees during winter often causes severe foliar damage during the following spring in forest floor seedlings of Abies sachalinensis, a typical shade-tolerant evergreen coniferous species. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II after an overnight dark adaptation showed a temporary decrease immediately before budbreak in 1-year-old shoots of A. sachalinensis seedlings grown under full sunlight in a nursery, suggesting “springtime photoinhibition” related to the phenology of evergreen coniferous species. In the field, a greater rate of canopy tree cutting during winter was associated with more severe photoinhibition in the following spring, immediately before budbreak, which subsequently resulted in a reduction in carbon gain in 1-year-old shoots, and consequently suppressed the growth of current-year shoots. Although photoinhibition under low temperature is a well-known factor to determine the survival rate of tree seedlings during winter in cool regions, the present study additionally proposes that the temporary increase in the susceptibility to photoinhibition in springtime i.e. “springtime photoinhibition” would be a constraint for the regeneration of coniferous seedlings especially when the canopy trees are removed during winter.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Sustained growth suppression in forest-floor seedlings of Sakhalin fir associated with previous-year springtime photoinhibition after a winter cutting of canopy trees

Kitao, Mitsutoshi / Satoshi Kitaoka / Hisanori Harayama / Evgenios Agathokleous / Qingmin Han / Akira Uemura / Naoyuki Furuya / Satoshi Ishibashi

European journal of forest research. 2019 Feb., v. 138, no. 1

2019

Abstract: Springtime photoinhibition in 1-year-old shoots, exacerbated by a clear-cutting during winter, was recently found to reduce the current-year shoot growth of forest-floor seedlings of Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis). In the present study, we conducted ... ...

Abstract	Springtime photoinhibition in 1-year-old shoots, exacerbated by a clear-cutting during winter, was recently found to reduce the current-year shoot growth of forest-floor seedlings of Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis). In the present study, we conducted a follow-up survey in the following year in these seedlings, which were subjected to different cutting rates of canopy trees (100: clear-cutting, 66, 50, 30, and 0%: control) in the previous spring. No photoinhibition (Fᵥ/Fₘ ≈ 0.8) was observed in the 1-year-old needles, developed after the cuttings in spring and summer, across the sites with different cutting rates. The ratio of current-shoot dry mass to 1-year-old needle dry mass (Shootcᵤᵣᵣₑₙₜ/Needle₁₋yₑₐᵣ) measured in early summer, as a measure of photosynthetic carbon gain in the 1-year-old needles, showed an increasing trend with increasing growth irradiance when excluding the data of clear-cutting sites, which had a large variation. The variation in Shootcᵤᵣᵣₑₙₜ/Needle₁₋yₑₐᵣ within the clear-cutting sites can be explained by the remaining amount of 2-year-old needles, which suggests that defoliation of 2-year-old needles damaged by photoinhibition in the previous spring may associate with a sustained suppression in the growth of current shoot even in the second year.
Keywords	Abies sachalinensis ; canopy ; carbon ; clearcutting ; cutting ; defoliation ; forest litter ; light intensity ; photoinhibition ; seedlings ; shoots ; spring ; summer ; surveys ; trees ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-02
Size	p. 143-150.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2134019-5
ISSN	1612-4677 ; 1612-4669
ISSN (online)	1612-4677
ISSN	1612-4669
DOI	10.1007/s10342-018-1159-3
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Walker occupancy has an impact on changing airborne bacterial communities in an underground pedestrian space, as small-dust particles increased with raising both temperature and humidity.

Torahiko Okubo / Takako Osaki / Eriko Nozaki / Akira Uemura / Kouhei Sakai / Mizue Matushita / Junji Matsuo / Shinji Nakamura / Shigeru Kamiya / Hiroyuki Yamaguchi

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e

2017 Volume 0184980

Abstract: Although human occupancy is a source of airborne bacteria, the role of walkers on bacterial communities in built environments is poorly understood. Therefore, we visualized the impact of walker occupancy combined with other factors (temperature, humidity, ...

Abstract	Although human occupancy is a source of airborne bacteria, the role of walkers on bacterial communities in built environments is poorly understood. Therefore, we visualized the impact of walker occupancy combined with other factors (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, dust particles) on airborne bacterial features in the Sapporo underground pedestrian space in Sapporo, Japan. Air samples (n = 18; 4,800L/each sample) were collected at 8:00 h to 20:00 h on 3 days (regular sampling) and at early morning / late night (5:50 h to 7:50 h / 22:15 h to 24:45 h) on a day (baseline sampling), and the number of CFUs (colony forming units) OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and other factors were determined. The results revealed that temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure changed with weather. The number of walkers increased greatly in the morning and evening on each regular sampling day, although total walker numbers did not differ significantly among regular sampling days. A slight increase in small dust particles (0.3-0.5μm) was observed on the days with higher temperature regardless of regular or baseline sampling. At the period on regular sampling, CFU levels varied irregularly among days, and the OTUs of 22-phylum types were observed, with the majority being from Firmicutes or Proteobacteria (γ-), including Staphylococcus sp. derived from human individuals. The data obtained from regular samplings reveled that although no direct interaction of walker occupancy and airborne CFU and OTU features was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis, cluster analysis indicated an obvious lineage consisting of walker occupancy, CFU numbers, OTU types, small dust particles, and seasonal factors (including temperature and humidity). Meanwhile, at the period on baseline sampling both walker and CFU numbers were similarly minimal. Taken together, the results revealed a positive correlation of walker occupancy with airborne bacteria that increased with increases in temperature and humidity in the presence of ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Determination of Seed Soundness in Conifers Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa Using Narrow-Multiband Spectral Imaging in the Short-Wavelength Infrared Range.

Osamu Matsuda / Masashi Hara / Hiroyuki Tobita / Kenichi Yazaki / Toshinori Nakagawa / Kuniyoshi Shimizu / Akira Uemura / Hajime Utsugi

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 6, p e

2015 Volume 0128358

Abstract: Regeneration of planted forests of Cryptomeria japonica (sugi) and Chamaecyparis obtuse (hinoki) is the pressing importance to the forest administration in Japan. Low seed germination rate of these species, however, has hampered low-cost production of ... ...

Abstract	Regeneration of planted forests of Cryptomeria japonica (sugi) and Chamaecyparis obtuse (hinoki) is the pressing importance to the forest administration in Japan. Low seed germination rate of these species, however, has hampered low-cost production of their seedlings for reforestation. The primary cause of the low germinability has been attributed to highly frequent formation of anatomically unsound seeds, which are indistinguishable from sound germinable seeds by visible observation and other common criteria such as size and weight. To establish a method for sound seed selection in these species, hyperspectral imaging technique was used to identify a wavelength range where reflectance spectra differ clearly between sound and unsound seeds. In sound seeds of both species, reflectance in a narrow waveband centered at 1,730 nm, corresponding to a lipid absorption band in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) range, was greatly depressed relative to that in adjacent wavebands on either side. Such depression was absent or less prominent in unsound seeds. Based on these observations, a reflectance index SQI, abbreviated for seed quality index, was formulated using reflectance at three narrow SWIR wavebands so that it represents the extent of the depression. SQI calculated from seed area-averaged reflectance spectra and spatial distribution patterns of pixelwise SQI within each seed area were both proven as reliable criteria for sound seed selection. Enrichment of sound seeds was accompanied by an increase in germination rate of the seed lot. Thus, the methods described are readily applicable toward low-cost seedling production in combination with single seed sowing technology.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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