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Article: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Medical Students During COVID-19 at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman.

AlHarthi, Ahmed S / AlZaabi, Adhari / Al Harthi, Mohamed S / Al Ghafri, Thamra S

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e46211

Abstract: Introduction With the spread of COVID-19 around the world, several interventions have been reported to be useful to control disease transmission. However, the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of medical students is underreported in the Arab ... ...

Abstract	Introduction With the spread of COVID-19 around the world, several interventions have been reported to be useful to control disease transmission. However, the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of medical students is underreported in the Arab world. This study aimed to explore the rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) and to identify the factors associated with a higher risk of these mental disruptions. Method This was a cross-sectional study where medical students were approached to answer an online questionnaire via emails from the administrative affairs in the College of Medicine in SQU from 16/01/2021 to 18/05/2021. A 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21) scale was used as a self-reporting tool to measure the negative feelings of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results Out of 700 students, 184 (26.3%) students responded fully to the study questionnaire. More than half of the participants were females (58.7%, n=108), and the mean (SD) age was 20.31 (1.642). Most students were Omani (93.5%, n=172), and 34.2% (n=63) lived in Muscat. More than half of the students (51.6%) were in phase 2 of the academic years, in which the majority were considered within the cohort ≥2017 (81%, n=149), with a mean (SD) GPA of 2.9 (1.5). Scores from the DASS-21 scale showed that 29.4% vs 27.2% vs 14.7% had extremely severe depression vs anxiety and vs stress. The proportion of students who reported lower GPAs was significantly associated with higher scores of severe-to-extremely-severe depression (P=0.001), anxiety (P=<0.001), and stress (P=0.001). Living in Muscat vs other regions was associated with severe anxiety and stress (P=0.038 and P=0.007, respectively). Conclusion Similar to a few studies in Oman, this study confirms the high rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results may be utilized to alert decision-makers, student academic council, and academic authority to the need to adopt a preventive mental health policy and design guidelines with resilience measures for college students, including prolonged cognitive-behavioral interventions and recovery programs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.46211
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Perceptions of Primary Care Providers on Public Health Services in Primary Care in Oman: A Qualitative Study.

Al Hasani, Said / Al Ghafri, Thamra S / AlHarthi, Ahmed S / Gibson, Emma / Al Harthi, Mohamed S

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e42208

Abstract: Background The integration of public health functions in primary care is not well-defined in the literature. This paper examines the perceptions of healthcare workers on public health services in primary care, as well as the challenges and views on ... ...

Abstract	Background The integration of public health functions in primary care is not well-defined in the literature. This paper examines the perceptions of healthcare workers on public health services in primary care, as well as the challenges and views on strengthening the integration of public health functions in a primary care setting in Oman. Methodology This qualitative study (employing a face-to-face interview) was conducted in a primary healthcare setting in Muscat from January 1, 2022, to May 31, 2022. This study is based on interpretative phenomenological analysis using purposeful sampling. Participants were interviewed to answer the study questions. The targeted participants included directors and other official personnel, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists, health educators, and lab technicians. Verbal consent was obtained from the participants before the interview, and all responses were anonymously audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 10 primary care providers were interviewed once for 30 minutes over a two-week period. All participants were females apart from one male participant. The study included three physicians, five nurses, one pharmacist, and one nutritionist. All participants had over 10 years of experience as primary care providers at the time of the interview. The main themes were a lack of awareness of public health services in a primary care setting, challenges to practicing public health in a primary care setting, and recommendations to strengthen the integration of public health services in primary care. In general, there were inconsistent views on public health services in a primary care setting, and the interactions between the functions were not clear. Participants reported an absence of clear guidelines, training, and competencies for public health in a primary care setting. Building public health capacities and reforming the health system were highly recommended to integrate public health into primary health care. Conclusions Understanding how public health and primary care interact is crucial to improve population health. Building competencies and supportive health systems are required for the effective integration of public health in primary care settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.42208
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Article ; Online: Changes in Self-Efficacy and Social Support after an Intervention to Increase Physical Activity Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Oman: A 12-month follow-up of the MOVEdiabetes trial.

Al-Ghafri, Thamra S / Al-Harthi, Saud / Al-Farsi, Yahya / Craigie, Angela M / Bannerman, Elaine / Anderson, Annie S

Sultan Qaboos University medical journal

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) e42–e49

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to describe changes in self-efficacy (SE) and social support (SS) 12 months after the MOVEdiabetes trial, an intervention designed to increase physical activity (PA) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Oman.: ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study aimed to describe changes in self-efficacy (SE) and social support (SS) 12 months after the MOVEdiabetes trial, an intervention designed to increase physical activity (PA) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Oman. Methods: The original MOVEdiabetes trial was conducted between April 2016 and June 2017 in Muscat, Oman. The intervention group (IG) received personalised PA consultations, pedometers and monthly messages using a web-based application, while the comparison group received usual care. Self-reported SE and SS from family and friends were assessed using validated psychosocial scales. Results: Of the 232 original participants in the trial, a total of 174 completed the 12 months follow-up study period (response rate: 75%). However, based on intention-to-treat analysis with several imputation procedures for missing data at 3 and/or 12 months, there was a significant increase in SE scores in the IG (+10.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1-13.5; Conclusion: The PA intervention was associated with positive changes in SE and SS from friends. However, further tools for assessing psychosocial influences on PA are needed in Arab countries.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Exercise ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oman ; Primary Health Care/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Efficacy ; Self-Management ; Social Support
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-15
Publishing country	Oman
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2650196-X
ISSN	2075-0528 ; 2075-0528
ISSN (online)	2075-0528
ISSN	2075-0528
DOI	10.18295/squmj.2021.21.01.006
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Article: Hyperprolactinemia in Adults Treated With Anti-psychotic Drugs Attending Tertiary Hospitals in Oman: An Observational Study.

Al Harthi, Mohamed S / Al Ghafri, Thamra S / Al Wasify, Loai / Al Akhzami, Salma / AlHarthi, Ahmed / Al Harthi, Saud / Al Sibani, Nasser

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e21532

Abstract: Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia is a common side effect associated with the use of anti-psychotic medications. This study aimed at exploring the rate of hyperprolactinemia induced by anti-psychotic drugs in adult patients admitted to Sultan Qaboos ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia is a common side effect associated with the use of anti-psychotic medications. This study aimed at exploring the rate of hyperprolactinemia induced by anti-psychotic drugs in adult patients admitted to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) and Al Masarra hospital (AMH). Additionally, factors associated with higher prolactin levels in anti-psychotic patients were explored. Methods: Bespoke XL sheets on age, gender, region (place of stay), BMI, diagnosis, type of drugs, dose, symptoms, and prolactin levels were recorded from the existing health information system. All adult patients who were on anti-psychotic medication between January 2016 and June 2019 were included. Patients diagnosed with pre-existing endocrine conditions, pregnant females, and those with high prolactin levels at baseline were excluded. Results: A total of 1103 cases were included in this study of which 34.1% were from the SQUH vs 65.9% from AMH. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 35.6 (12.1), 56.7% were females and 58.7% cases were from Muscat. The common diagnoses were schizophrenia (59.3%) and bipolar affective disorder (14.7%). High prolactin levels existed in 68.3% of the cases from which 59.6% were treated with atypical anti-psychotic drugs. The proportion of cases with high prolactin levels in AMH was significantly different (higher) compared to cases in SQUH (76.9% vs 51.6%, P<0.001). The most common symptoms were painful breasts (55.2%), galactorrhoea (10.5%), amenorrhea (14.3%) and irregular periods (20.0%). Type of drugs used [haloperidol (typical) vs risperidone (atypical) anti-psychotics (P<0.001)], older vs younger age (P=0.03), and presence vs absence of symptoms (P<0.001) were predictors for the high prolactin levels. Conclusion: Similar to evidence from the west, results from this study showed a high rate of hyperprolactinemia in adults treated with anti-psychotics. More work is required to standardize anti-psychotic management and monitoring guidelines for psychotic patients across all psychiatric hospitals in Oman.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.21532
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Perceived Changes in General Well-being: Findings from the 'MOVEdiabetes' Physical Activity Randomized Control Trial.

Al-Ghafri, Thamra S / Al-Harthi, Saud M / Al-Farsi, Yahya / Craigie, Angela M / Bannerman, Elaine / Anderson, Annie S

Oman medical journal

2020 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) e149

Abstract: Objectives: Studies have consistently reported the health benefits of physical activity (PA) in diabetes care. Our study aimed to explore perceptions of general well-being in participants of the 'MOVEdiabetes' intervention aimed at increasing PA in ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Studies have consistently reported the health benefits of physical activity (PA) in diabetes care. Our study aimed to explore perceptions of general well-being in participants of the 'MOVEdiabetes' intervention aimed at increasing PA in adults with type 2 diabetes in Oman. Methods: 'MOVEdiabetes' is a cluster-randomized study where participants in the intervention group (IG) received PA consultations, pedometers, and WhatsApp messages versus the usual care in the control group (CG). At baseline and 12 months, perceptions on well-being were assessed using an English translated to Arabic 13-item questionnaire. Between groups differences in responses were compared using chi-squared tests. Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to explore associations between changes in responses and self-reported PA levels (metabolic equivalent of task.min/week). Results: Of the 232 participants in the 'MOVEdiabetes' study, 75.0% completed the study. Overall, findings indicate a positive effect of the intervention on perceived general health, sleep, mental health, pain, and responses to quality of life. For the IG and CG, significant associations were shown between changes in self-reported PA and general health (r = 0.70 and 0.36, Conclusions: The intervention has a positive effect on many parameters of well-being. Further studies are needed to identify robust tools to measure associations between well-being and PA in culturally bounded Arabic speaking countries.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-20
Publishing country	Oman
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2571431-4
ISSN	2070-5204 ; 1999-768X
ISSN (online)	2070-5204
ISSN	1999-768X
DOI	10.5001/omj.2020.68
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Clinical Characteristics of Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Admitted at Al Nahdha Hospital, Oman: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

Al Harthi, Saud / Al Osali, Magdi / Al Ismaili, Ruwaida / Al Lawati, Sultan / Kamble, Bina / Al Shaaibi, Mustafa / Al Kindi, Nasser / Al Qasabi, Salim / Alhinai, Mohammed / Al Harthi, Hamad / Al Ghafri, Thamra S

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) e17343

Abstract: Background and objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. Several characteristics of hospitalised cases, including variations in symptoms as well as radiological and laboratory findings, ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. Several characteristics of hospitalised cases, including variations in symptoms as well as radiological and laboratory findings, have been described. However, the exact clinical spectrum of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in Oman is currently unclear. The objective of this paper was to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, as well as the treatment and clinical outcomes of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Al Nahdha Hospital, Oman. Additionally, factors associated with the severity of the disease were identified. Methodology This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of hospitalised COVID-19 patients. The required data were retrieved from the electronic health information system for the period from 3rd March to 9th May 2020. Information was recorded in a bespoke sheet and exported to SPSS Statistics (IBM, Armonk, NY) for analysis. Results A total of 102 admissions were included in this study. The mean age of the cohort was 49.9 (14.7) years. The majority were males (77.5%), and more than half were expatriates (56.9%). Diabetes and hypertension were found in 39.2% and 36.3% of the study population, respectively. Common symptoms encountered were dry cough (78.3%), fever (76.5%), and shortness of breath (SOB) (69.6%). Radiologically, bilateral infiltrations were present in 73.5% of the patients. Only 19 cases required critical care (18.6%), and those were mostly older [54.1 (13.4) years], males (89.5%), and non-nationals (63.2%). Significant factors associated with requiring critical care were symptoms of SOB (89.5% vs 65.1%, p=0.03), diabetes (68.4% vs 32.5%, OR=1.5, p=0.004), chronic artery disease (15.8% vs 3.6%, OR=1.7, p=0.04), and diagnosis of acute respiratory distress symptoms (63.2% vs 6.0%, p<0.001). Additionally, the mean ferritin levels were significantly higher in cases requiring critical care [2350.4 (423.8) vs 795.7 (554.3), p=0.005]. Depending on disease severity, the treatment included antibacterials, antivirals, heparin, and steroids. The utilisation of steroids was significantly higher in the cases requiring critical care (63.2% vs 26.5%, p=0.001). Among cases that required critical care (n=19), nine died (death rate=47.4%). Conclusions This study has provided fundamental information about the clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Oman, including factors associated with the disease's severity. Results from this study can be utilised to update the COVID-19 management guidelines for hospitalised patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.17343
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Reporting at Least One Adverse Effect Post-COVID-19 Vaccination From Primary Health Care in Muscat.

Al Ghafri, Thamra S / Al Balushi, Lamya / Al Balushi, Zainab / Al Hinai, Fatma / Al Hasani, Said / Anwar, Huda / Al Lawati, Muna / Al Harthi, Saud

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) e17055

Abstract: Introduction Vaccinations against COVID-19 were licensed with limited testing assurances to the public triggering a widespread hesitancy around expected adverse reactions. Limited data was reported from Arabian Gulf countries on vaccine adverse effects. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Vaccinations against COVID-19 were licensed with limited testing assurances to the public triggering a widespread hesitancy around expected adverse reactions. Limited data was reported from Arabian Gulf countries on vaccine adverse effects. Objectives This study looked at the rate of reporting at least one side effect post-COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors (sociodemographic characteristics, clinical condition, and type of vaccines). Additionally, questions about safety and willingness to recommend them were included. Study design Phone interviews on post-COVID-19 vaccination adverse effects were utilized to record responses related to reporting at least one side effect post vaccinations across the studied variables. Data collection continued for two months (from 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.17055
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population of Oman: results from four successive nationwide sero-epidemiological surveys.

Al-Abri, Seif Salem / Al-Wahaibi, Adil / Al-Kindi, Hanan / Kurup, Padmamohan J / Al-Maqbali, Ali / Al-Mayahi, Zayid / Al-Tobi, Mohammed Hamed / Al-Katheri, Salim Habbash / Albusaidi, Sultan / Al-Sukaiti, Mahmood Humaid / Al Balushi, Ahmed Yar Mohammed / Abdelgadir, Iyad Omer / Al-Shehi, Nawal / Morkos, Essam / Al-Maani, Amal / Al-Rawahi, Bader / Alyaquobi, Fatma / Alqayoudhi, Abdullah / Al-Harthy, Khalid /

Al-Khalili, Sulien / Al-Rashdi, Azza / Al-Shukri, Intisar / Al Ghafri, Thamra S / Al-Hashmi, Fatma / Al Jassasi, Saeed Mussalam / Alshaqsi, Nasser / Mitra, Nilanjan / Al Aamry, Humaid Suhail / Shah, Parag / Al Marbouai, Hanan Hassan / Al Araimi, Amany Hamed / Kair, Ismail Mohammed / Al Manji, Asim Mohammed / Almallak, Ahmed Said / Al Alawi, Fatma Khamis / Vaidya, Vidyanand / Muqeetullah, Muhammad / Alrashdi, Hanan / Al Jamoudi, Saud Said Nassir / Alshaqsi, Asila / Al Sharji, Abdullah / Al Shukeiri, Hamida / Al-Abri, Badr / Al-Rawahi, Sulaiman / Al-Lamki, Said H / Al-Manji, Abdulla / Al-Jardani, Amina

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2021 Volume 112, Page(s) 269–277

Abstract: Objective: To assess the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Oman and longitudinal changes in antibody levels over time within the first 11 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Oman and longitudinal changes in antibody levels over time within the first 11 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as a four-cycle serosurvey using a multi-stage stratified sampling method from July to November 2020. A questionnaire was used and included demographics, history of acute respiratory infection and list of symptoms, COVID-19 contact, previous diagnosis or admission, travel history and risk factors. Results: In total, 17,457 participants were surveyed. Thirty percent were female and 66.3% were Omani. There was a significant increase in seroprevalence throughout the study cycles, from 5.5% (4.8-6.2%) in Cycle 1 to 22% (19.6-24.6%) in Cycle 4. There was no difference in seroprevalence between genders, but significant differences were found between age groups. There was a transition of seroprevalence from being higher in non-Omanis than Omanis in Cycle 1 [9.1% (7.6-10.9%) vs 3.2% (2.6-3.9%)] to being higher in Omanis than non-Omanis in Cycle 4 [24.3% (21.0-27.9%) vs 16.8% (14.9-18.9%)]. There was remarkable variation in the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 according to governorate. Close contacts of people with COVID-19 had a 96% higher risk of having the disease [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.96, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.64-2.34]. Labourers had 58% higher risk of infection compared with office workers (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04-2.35). Conclusion: This study showed a wide variation in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 across governorates in Oman, with higher estimated seroprevalence in migrants in the first two cycles. Prevalence estimates remain low and are insufficient to provide herd immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oman/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.062
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Article: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Medical Students During COVID-19 at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman.

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Article: Perceptions of Primary Care Providers on Public Health Services in Primary Care in Oman: A Qualitative Study.

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Article ; Online: Changes in Self-Efficacy and Social Support after an Intervention to Increase Physical Activity Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Oman: A 12-month follow-up of the MOVEdiabetes trial.

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Article: Hyperprolactinemia in Adults Treated With Anti-psychotic Drugs Attending Tertiary Hospitals in Oman: An Observational Study.

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Article: Perceived Changes in General Well-being: Findings from the 'MOVEdiabetes' Physical Activity Randomized Control Trial.

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Article: Clinical Characteristics of Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Admitted at Al Nahdha Hospital, Oman: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

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Article: Reporting at Least One Adverse Effect Post-COVID-19 Vaccination From Primary Health Care in Muscat.

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population of Oman: results from four successive nationwide sero-epidemiological surveys.

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