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Article: Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation: A Case Report from A Tertiary Centre in West Africa and the Lessons Learnt.

Elebute, Olumide A / Timo, Manuella Talla / Alakaloko, Felix M / Seyi-Olajide, Justina O / Bode, Christopher O / Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O

Journal of the West African College of Surgeons

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 106–110

Abstract: Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare disease characterised by biliary obstruction of unknown origin that presents in the neonatal period. It is classified into syndromic with various congenital anomalies and non-syndromic (isolated anomaly). We present a case ... ...

Abstract	Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare disease characterised by biliary obstruction of unknown origin that presents in the neonatal period. It is classified into syndromic with various congenital anomalies and non-syndromic (isolated anomaly). We present a case of syndromic BA associated with polysplenia and intestinal malrotation, discovered incidentally during the Kasai procedure. The small intestine was found to be non-rotated with the duodenojejunal junction to the right of the vertebral column. The presence of accessory spleens was noted. Kasai portoenterostomy and Ladd's procedure were performed. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course with the passage of cholic stool from the third postoperative day. At the seventh-month follow-up, the stool remained cholic. A multidisciplinary approach in the care of babies with BA and long-term follow-up is crucial for a successful outcome.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2276-6944
ISSN	2276-6944
DOI	10.4103/jwas.jwas_195_22
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Article ; Online: Early impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric surgical practice in Nigeria: a national survey of paediatric surgeons.

Ogundele, Ibukunolu Olufemi / Alakaloko, Felix M / Nwokoro, Collins C / Ameh, Emmanuel A

BMJ paediatrics open

2020 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e000732

Abstract: Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease has had significant impact on healthcare globally. Knowledge of this virus is evolving, definitive care is not yet known and mortality is increasing. We assessed its initial impact on paediatric surgical ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease has had significant impact on healthcare globally. Knowledge of this virus is evolving, definitive care is not yet known and mortality is increasing. We assessed its initial impact on paediatric surgical practice in Nigeria, creating a benchmark for recommendations and future reference. Methods: Survey of 120 paediatric surgeons from 50 centres to assess sociodemographics and specific domains of impact of COVID-19 on their services and training in Nigeria. Valid responses were represented as categorical data and presented in percentages. Duplicate submissions for centres were excluded by combining and taking the mean of responses from centres with multiple respondents. Results: Response rate was 74 (61%). Forty-six (92%) centres had suspended elective surgeries. All centres continued emergency surgeries but volume reduced in March by 31%. Eleven (22%) centres reported 13 suspended elective cases presenting as emergencies in March, accounting for 3% of total emergency surgeries. Twelve (24%) centres adopted new modalities for managing selected surgical conditions: non-operative reduction of intussusception in 1 (2%), antibiotic management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in 5 (10%) and more conservative management of trauma and replacement of laparoscopic appendectomy with open surgery in 3 (6%), respectively. Low perception of adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported in 35 (70%) centres. Forty (80%) centres did not offer telemedicine for patients' follow-up. Twenty-nine (58%) centres had suspended academic training. Perception of safety to operate was low in 37 (50%) respondents, indifferent in 24% and high in 26%. Conclusion: Majority of paediatric surgical centres reported cessation of elective surgeries while continuing emergencies. There was, however, an acute decline in the volume of emergency surgeries. Adequate PPE needs to be provided and preparations towards handling backlog of elective surgeries once the pandemic recedes. Further study is planned to more conclusively understand the full impact of this pandemic on children's surgery.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2399-9772
ISSN (online)	2399-9772
DOI	10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000732
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Article: Impact of corona virus disease 2019 pandemic on paediatric surgery in a sub-saharan tertiary hospital: An observational study.

Seyi-Olajide, Justina O / Bode, Christopher O / Ihediwa, George C / Elebute, Olumide A / Alakaloko, Felix M / Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun A / Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O

The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal

2022 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 102–109

Abstract: Background: The impact of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on global health, has reached far beyond that caused by the disease itself. With ongoing mutations and the emergence of new strains of the virus alongside repeated waves of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on global health, has reached far beyond that caused by the disease itself. With ongoing mutations and the emergence of new strains of the virus alongside repeated waves of the pandemic, the full impact of the pandemic is still evolving and remains difficult to predict or evaluate. In paediatric surgery, it has led to significant disruptions in patient care, the extent and consequence of which are not fully documented in Nigeria. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on services, training and research in a busy paediatric surgery unit during the initial 3-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: This study was an ambispective evaluation of the preceding 3 months before lockdown and the initial 3 months of lockdown. Clinic cancellations, elective and emergency surgeries, delays in access, extra cost of care to patients, impact on training and research, and the psychologic impact of the pandemic on staff and guardians were evaluated. Results: During the 3-month lockdown period, an estimated 78 new cases and 637 follow-up cases could not access care. Ninety-seven elective surgeries in 91 patients were postponed. Two (2.2%) patients' symptoms progressed. All emergency patients received care. Out-of-pocket expenditure increased averagely by $124. The pandemic contributed to delays in seeking (13%), reaching (20%) and receiving care (6%). Trainee participation in surgeries was reduced and academic programmes were suspended. Five staff were exposed to the virus and 3 infected. Conclusion: Paediatric surgery has been negatively impacted by COVID-19. Efforts must focus on planning and implementing interventions to mitigate the long-term impact.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Tertiary Care Centers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-06
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2171096-X
ISSN	1117-1936
ISSN	1117-1936
DOI	10.4103/npmj.npmj_761_21
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Article: Evaluation of the effect of nutritive versus non-nutritive pacifiers as adjuncts to local anaesthesia in male neonatal circumcision using the plastibell technique - A prospective randomised controlled study.

Ihediwa, Chibuike George / Bode, Christopher O / Alakaloko, Felix M / Elebute, Olumide A / Seyi-Olajide, Justina O / Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun Abiola / Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O

The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal

2022 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 310–316

Abstract: Background: Male circumcision is the most common surgical procedure worldwide and is often carried out for religious, cultural, medical and public health reasons. It is commonly performed during the neonatal period. Many studies have now shown that pain ...

Abstract	Background: Male circumcision is the most common surgical procedure worldwide and is often carried out for religious, cultural, medical and public health reasons. It is commonly performed during the neonatal period. Many studies have now shown that pain is a common intra- and post-operative complication. To ensure proper analgesia during the procedure, many surgeons opt for the use of pacifiers as an adjunct to anaesthesia during neonatal circumcision. The aim of this study is to compare nutritive pacifiers (NPs) versus non-NPs (NNPs) as adjuncts to local anaesthesia in male neonatal circumcision using the Plastibell technique. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled study was carried out between October 2019 and March 2020. A total of 100 neonates were circumcised using the Plastibell technique and randomised into NP (Group A, n = 33), NNP (Group B, n = 33) and controls (Group C, n = 34), respectively. The differences in pain scores using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale, total crying time and heart rate during circumcision were recorded and assessed. Results: The age of participants ranged from 5 to 28 days and the weight ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 kg. The overall mean age, birth weight and current weight of the participants were 15.5 ± 6.1 days, 3.4 ± 0.4 kg and 3.5 ± 0.6 kg, respectively. The control group had the highest average pain score of 5.5 (4.5-5.8) compared to the intervention groups with median pain score (NP: 3.3 [1.3-4.3] and (NNP: 4.3 [3.1-5.1], respectively). NPs had significantly lower pain scores (P = 0.023) and reduced total crying time (P = 0.019) at all stages of the circumcision compared to those given NNPs and controls. Conclusion: This study showed that NPs were superior to NNPs in providing additional pain control during male neonatal circumcision.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Humans ; Circumcision, Male/adverse effects ; Circumcision, Male/methods ; Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects ; Prospective Studies ; Pacifiers/adverse effects ; Nigeria ; Pain/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-13
Publishing country	Nigeria
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171096-X
ISSN	1117-1936
ISSN	1117-1936
DOI	10.4103/npmj.npmj_189_22
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Article ; Online: Preputial cyst in the newborn: A case report from Africa.

Elebute, Olumide Abiodun / Komolafe, Muyiwa D / Akinjo, A O / Alakaloko, Felix Makinde / Seyi-Olajide, Justina O / Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun / Abdulkareem, Fatimah Biade / Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O / Bode, Christopher O

African journal of paediatric surgery : AJPS

2023 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 80–82

Abstract: Cysts of the prepuce are rare, and documented reports from the English literature are mostly from Asia. Presentations in children are worrisome to the parents. We report a case of a preputial cyst occurring in a neonate who was brought to our facility ... ...

Abstract	Cysts of the prepuce are rare, and documented reports from the English literature are mostly from Asia. Presentations in children are worrisome to the parents. We report a case of a preputial cyst occurring in a neonate who was brought to our facility due to parental anxiety. After a thorough clinical evaluation, a freehand circumcision technique was performed which allowed exposure of the full extent of the cyst, the external urethral meatus and the glans, thus ensuring complete excision and minimising the risk of injury to the adjoining structures. We postulate that preputial cysts are rare in Africa due to the universality of circumcision, which is one of the options of treatment. Preputial cysts are benign foreskin cystic lesions that can be effectively treated with circumcision. This is probably the first reported case of a benign epithelioid preputial cyst from Africa. The paucity of reported cases may be due to the universal practice of circumcision in most of Africa.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Male ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Circumcision, Male ; Africa ; Cysts/surgery ; Foreskin ; Parents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2392865-7
ISSN	0974-5998 ; 0974-5998
ISSN (online)	0974-5998
ISSN	0974-5998
DOI	10.4103/ajps.ajps_142_21
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Article ; Online: A Prospective, Observational Cost Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Appendicectomy in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria.

Adisa, Adewale / Kachapila, Mwayi / Ekwunife, Christopher / Alakaloko, Felix / Olanrewaju, Balogun / Kadir, Bryar / Nepogodiev, Dmitri / Aderounmu, Adewale / Igwilo, Innocent / Omar, Omar / Oppong, Raymond / Simoes, Joana / Bhangu, Aneel / Ademuyiwa, Adesoji

World journal of surgery

2023 Volume 47, Issue 12, Page(s) 3042–3050

Abstract: Background: The clinical benefits of laparoscopic appendicectomy are well recognized over open appendicectomy. However, laparoscopic procedures are not frequently conducted in many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) for several reasons, including ... ...

Abstract	Background: The clinical benefits of laparoscopic appendicectomy are well recognized over open appendicectomy. However, laparoscopic procedures are not frequently conducted in many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) for several reasons, including perceived higher costs. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and cost of laparoscopic appendicectomy compared to open appendicectomy in Nigeria. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, cohort study among patients undergoing appendicectomy was conducted at three tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Data were collected from October 2020 to February 2022 and analyses compared the average healthcare costs at 30 days after surgery. Quantile regression was conducted to identify variables that had an impact on the costs, reported in Nigerian Naira (Naira) and US dollars ($), with standard deviations (SD). Findings: This study included 105 patients, of which 39 had laparoscopic appendicectomy and 66 had open appendicectomy. The average healthcare cost of laparoscopic appendicectomy (147,562 Naira (SD: 97,130) or $355 (SD: 234)) was higher than open appendicectomy (113,556 Naira (SD: 88,559) or $273 (SD: 213)). The average time for return to work was shorter with laparoscopic than open appendicectomy (mean: 8 days vs. 14 days). At the average daily income of $5.06, laparoscopic appendicectomy was associated with 9778 Naira or $24 cost savings in return to work. Further, 5.1% of laparoscopic appendicectomy patients had surgical site infections compared to 22.7% for open appendicectomy. Regression analysis results showed that laparoscopic appendicectomy was associated with $14 higher costs than open appendicectomy, albeit non-significant (p = 0.53). Interpretation: Despite selection bias in this real-world study, laparoscopic appendicectomy was associated with a slightly higher overall cost, a lower societal cost, a lower infection rate, and a faster return to work, compared to open appendicectomy. It is technically and financially feasible, and its provision in Nigeria should be expanded.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Length of Stay ; Nigeria ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Appendicitis/surgery ; Health Care Costs ; Appendectomy/methods ; Laparoscopy/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	224043-9
ISSN	1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
ISSN (online)	1432-2323
ISSN	0364-2313
DOI	10.1007/s00268-023-07148-5
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Article ; Online: Serum intestinal fatty-acid binding protein: predictor of bowel necrosis in pediatric intussusception.

Ademuyiwa, Adesoji / Alakaloko, Felix / Elebute, Olumide / Bode, Christopher / Udenze, Ifeoma

Journal of pediatric surgery

2018 Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 335–338

Abstract: Background/purpose: Serum Intestinal Fatty-Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP) is a useful marker of bowel necrosis in pediatric intussusception. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of this marker and correlate it with length of necrosed ... ...

Abstract	Background/purpose: Serum Intestinal Fatty-Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP) is a useful marker of bowel necrosis in pediatric intussusception. The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of this marker and correlate it with length of necrosed small bowel. Methods: A single-centre prospective study of 50 children presenting to Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, in whom a diagnosis of intussusception was made over 1 year was completed. Additionally, 25 age- and sex-matched controls (day case surgery) were recruited. They were grouped into three: 25 children with necrotic bowel, 25 without bowel necrosis, and 25 controls. The serum IFABP levels were compared between the cohorts with confirmed bowel necrosis at surgery and those with no necrosis, as well as controls. The cut-off values for the diagnosis of bowel necrosis were calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Results: Twenty-five children were diagnosed with necrotic intussusception whose serum IFABP immunoassay has significantly higher median compared with those without necrosis and controls (2056.0ng/ml vs. 943.0ng/ml and 478.0ng/ml P=0.0002). Using a cut-off value of 1538ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 64%, 88%, 84%, and 71%, respectively. I-FABP titer greater than 1538ng/ml was found to have higher likelihood of necrotic bowel (p=0.002; odds ratio 13.04; 95% confidence interval; 0.618-0.891). Conclusion: Serum I-FABP is moderately sensitive for discriminating between bowel necrosis, and it predicts increased likelihood of bowel resectability in intussusception. Level of evidence: Level II - Development of diagnostic criteria in a consecutive series of patients and a universally applied "gold standard".
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Biomarkers/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Intussusception/blood ; Intussusception/pathology ; Male ; Necrosis ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80165-3
ISSN	1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
ISSN (online)	1531-5037
ISSN	0022-3468
DOI	10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.11.028
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Article ; Online: Early impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric surgical practice in Nigeria

Ogundele, Ibukunolu Olufemi / Alakaloko, Felix M / Nwokoro, Collins C / Ameh, Emmanuel A

BMJ Paediatrics Open

a national survey of paediatric surgeons

2020 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e000732

Abstract: Introduction The novel coronavirus disease has had significant impact on healthcare globally. Knowledge of this virus is evolving, definitive care is not yet known and mortality is increasing. We assessed its initial impact on paediatric surgical ... ...

Abstract	Introduction The novel coronavirus disease has had significant impact on healthcare globally. Knowledge of this virus is evolving, definitive care is not yet known and mortality is increasing. We assessed its initial impact on paediatric surgical practice in Nigeria, creating a benchmark for recommendations and future reference. Methods Survey of 120 paediatric surgeons from 50 centres to assess sociodemographics and specific domains of impact of COVID-19 on their services and training in Nigeria. Valid responses were represented as categorical data and presented in percentages. Duplicate submissions for centres were excluded by combining and taking the mean of responses from centres with multiple respondents. Results Response rate was 74 (61%). Forty-six (92%) centres had suspended elective surgeries. All centres continued emergency surgeries but volume reduced in March by 31%. Eleven (22%) centres reported 13 suspended elective cases presenting as emergencies in March, accounting for 3% of total emergency surgeries. Twelve (24%) centres adopted new modalities for managing selected surgical conditions: non-operative reduction of intussusception in 1 (2%), antibiotic management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in 5 (10%) and more conservative management of trauma and replacement of laparoscopic appendectomy with open surgery in 3 (6%), respectively. Low perception of adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported in 35 (70%) centres. Forty (80%) centres did not offer telemedicine for patients’ follow-up. Twenty-nine (58%) centres had suspended academic training. Perception of safety to operate was low in 37 (50%) respondents, indifferent in 24% and high in 26%. Conclusion Majority of paediatric surgical centres reported cessation of elective surgeries while continuing emergencies. There was, however, an acute decline in the volume of emergency surgeries. Adequate PPE needs to be provided and preparations towards handling backlog of elective surgeries once the pandemic recedes. Further study is planned to more conclusively understand the full impact of this pandemic on children’s surgery.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	BMJ
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	2399-9772
DOI	10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000732
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Article: An Atypical Presentation of Childhood Paraganglioma with Seizures: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Oyenusi, Elizabeth Eberechi / Nwigbo, Uzoamaka Felicia / Oladipo, Oluwadamilola Moromoke / Kene-Udemezue, Blessing Ebele / Akowundu, Kasarachi Pauline / Oleolo-Ayodeji, Khadijah Omobusola / Afoke, Oluwaseun Adunni / Babatunde, Funmilayo Oluwatoyin / Alakaloko, Felix Makinde / Asiyanbi, Gabriel Kolawole / Ogunleye, Ezekiel Olayiwola / Oduwole, Abiola Olufunmilayo / Lesi, Foluso Ebun Afolabi

Case reports in endocrinology

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 6637802

Abstract: Introduction: A paraganglioma (PGL) is a tumour derived from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells of the sympathetic paravertebral ganglia of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Cardiovascular manifestations predominate but neurological symptoms like seizures ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: A paraganglioma (PGL) is a tumour derived from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells of the sympathetic paravertebral ganglia of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Cardiovascular manifestations predominate but neurological symptoms like seizures can occur requiring a high index of suspicion for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: In evaluating aetiology of childhood hypertension, endocrine causes must be considered though they are rare. The occurrence of paraganglioma is uncommon and can present in unusual ways such as seizures. Measurement of blood pressure in children is advocated as part of routine health care. Clinicians must explore the aetiology of seizures and not merely control them with anticonvulsant therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2627633-1
ISSN	2090-651X ; 2090-6501
ISSN (online)	2090-651X
ISSN	2090-6501
DOI	10.1155/2023/6637802
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Article ; Online: A 5-year multidisciplinary care outcomes in children with wilms' tumour managed at a tertiary centre: A retrospective observational study.

Alakaloko, Felix M / Akinsete, Adeseye M / Seyi-Olajide, Justina O / Joseph, Adedayo O / Elebute, Olumide O / Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun A / Odubanjo, M Olatokunboh / Olowoyeye, Omodele A / Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O / Temiye, Edamisan O / Akinsulie, Adebola A / Bode, Christopher O

African journal of paediatric surgery : AJPS

2022 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 83–88

Abstract: Background: Over the last two decades, there has been significant improvement in the outcomes of children with Wilms' tumour (WT) in high income countries (HICs) with approximately 85% survival rate globally. This is partly attributable to a multi- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Over the last two decades, there has been significant improvement in the outcomes of children with Wilms' tumour (WT) in high income countries (HICs) with approximately 85% survival rate globally. This is partly attributable to a multi-disciplinary team approach to care and the evolution of more robust treatment measures. A previous review in our centre prior to multi-disciplinary team shows a survival rate of 31.48%, However, the survival rates from low- and middle-income countries are still low when compared to HICs due to delays in access to care at all levels, poor to non-existent health insurance coverage, limited workforce resources, weak health-care systems and infrastructure. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of a multi-disciplinary team approach on the treatment outcomes of children with WT. Methodology: This is a 5-year retrospective review of all patients managed with WT at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Information was extracted from the patients' case notes, operation notes and ward admission records. The data were analysed with SPSS 25, and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Forty patients were included in the study; male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The disease occurred in the right kidney in 23 patients (57.5%) and on the left in 17 patients (42.5%). The average duration of symptoms before presentation was 3.6 months (range 1-7 months), majority of patients presented with abdominal masses and were assessed as per unit protocol with abdominal Computerized tomography scan, chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound scan to assign the patient International Society of Paediatric oncology regimen. The predominant stage at surgery was Stage III 26 (65%), while Stage IV was 9 (22.5%). Morbidity after chemotherapy was 10 (25%). Twenty-five patients (63%) completed chemotherapy while 15 patients (37%) started chemotherapy but defaulted midway. The 5-year survival rate was 75%. Increasing age and male sex were associated with reduced odds of mortality; however, this was not statistically significant. Increased duration of treatment, being treated with chemotherapy alone, as well as advanced tumour stage and histology were associated with increased odds of mortality, however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The development of an institutional WT treatment pathway involving a multidisciplinary team has resulted in improved outcomes. There is need for increased community awareness to improve the time to presentation.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms/therapy ; Male ; Nigeria ; Retrospective Studies ; Wilms Tumor/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-14
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2392865-7
ISSN	0974-5998 ; 0974-5998
ISSN (online)	0974-5998
ISSN	0974-5998
DOI	10.4103/ajps.AJPS_155_20
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