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  1. Article ; Online: Transport and accumulation of microplastics through wastewater treatment sludge processes.

    Alavian Petroody, Somayye Sadat / Hashemi, Seyed Hossein / van Gestel, Cornelis A M

    Chemosphere

    2021  Volume 278, Page(s) 130471

    Abstract: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important routes for releasing microplastics into the environment, with the produced sludge acting as a recipient of microplastics from wastewater. There is little information on the impact of sludge processes on ... ...

    Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important routes for releasing microplastics into the environment, with the produced sludge acting as a recipient of microplastics from wastewater. There is little information on the impact of sludge processes on the number of microplastics in sludge. In this study, the presence of microplastics in sludge produced by the Sari WWTP in northern Iran was investigated. Samples were taken in 3 replications and microplastics larger than 37 μm were extracted. The sludge from primary settling tank, clarifier, after sludge thickener and after aerobic digester, and after dewatering contained 214, 206, 200, 238, and 129 microplastics/g dry weight, respectively. According to the amount of sludge produced for each unit, this equals 280, 362, 599, 601, and 276 million microplastics/day, respectively, of which more than 85% were fibers. The numbers of microplastics in the sludge from the output of the sludge thickener and the aerobic digester did not significantly differ. However, their numbers decreased by more than 50% after dewatering, probably due to the destruction of flocs in the digestive process and the release of attached microplastics, which are returned into the wastewater treatment process with the rejected water. Polyester and polyethylene were the predominant types of fibers and particles, respectively. Given the annual amount of sludge produced, more than 100 billion microplastics enter the environment per year. Wastewater sludge, therefore, is an important source for the emission of microplastics, especially fibers, to the environment, warranting further evaluation of the associated environmental hazards.
    MeSH term(s) Environmental Monitoring ; Iran ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Sewage ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Purification
    Chemical Substances Microplastics ; Plastics ; Sewage ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130471
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2540: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: UV Light Causes Structural Changes in Microplastics Exposed in Bio-Solids.

    Alavian Petroody, Somayye Sadat / Hashemi, Seyed Hossein / Škrlep, Luka / Mušič, Branka / van Gestel, Cornelis A M / Sever Škapin, Andrijana

    Polymers

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 21

    Abstract: Bio-solids (biological sludge) from wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of the emission of microplastics (MPs) into the environment. Weakening the structure of MPs before they enter the environment may accelerate their degradation and ... ...

    Abstract Bio-solids (biological sludge) from wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of the emission of microplastics (MPs) into the environment. Weakening the structure of MPs before they enter the environment may accelerate their degradation and reduce the environmental exposure time. Therefore, we studied the effect of UV-A and UV-C, applied at 70 °C, on three types of MPs, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that are commonly found in sewage sludge, using three shapes (fibers, lines, granules). The MPs were exposed to UV radiation in bio-solid suspensions, and to air and water as control. The structural changes in and degradation of the MPs were investigated using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) and surface morphology was performed with SEM analysis. UV exposure led to the emergence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in all of the PP samples. In PE and PET, these groups were formed only in the bio-solid suspensions. The presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups increased with an increasing exposure time. Overall, UV radiation had the greatest impact on the MPs in the bio-solids suspension. Due to the surface-to-volume ratio of the tested samples, which influences the degradation rate, the fibers were more degraded than the other two plastic shapes. UV-A was slightly more effective at degrading the MPs than UV-C. These findings show that ultraviolet radiation in combination with an elevated temperature affects the structure of polymers in wastewater bio-solids, which can accelerate their degradation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527146-5
    ISSN 2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
    ISSN (online) 2073-4360
    ISSN 2073-4360
    DOI 10.3390/polym15214322
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  3. Article ; Online: Modulation of chlorpyrifos toxicity to soil arthropods by simultaneous exposure to polyester microfibers or tire particle microplastics

    Selonen, Salla / Jemec Kokalj, Anita / Benguedouar, Hiba / Alavian Petroody, Somayye Sadat / Dolar, Andraž / Drobne, Damjana / van Gestel, Cornelis A.M.

    Applied Soil Ecology. 2023 Jan., v. 181 p.104657-

    2023  

    Abstract: Synthetic fibers released from sewage sludge and tire particles released from traffic are among the most common types of microplastics in soil. In soil, microplastics may interact with chemicals, such as plant protection products used in agriculture. ... ...

    Abstract Synthetic fibers released from sewage sludge and tire particles released from traffic are among the most common types of microplastics in soil. In soil, microplastics may interact with chemicals, such as plant protection products used in agriculture. Most studies on the interactions of microplastics and chemicals focused on aquatic environments and only few addressed soil arthropods. To increase the understanding of the combined effects of microplastics and chemicals on soil arthropods, we studied the effects of polyester fibers and tire particles on the toxicity of the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Springtails (Folsomia candida) and woodlice (Porcellio scaber) were exposed in Lufa 2.2 soil to a range of chlorpyrifos concentrations (0.0088–0.8 and 0.2–3.9 mg kg⁻¹ dry soil, respectively) without or with 0.05 % w/w (“low”) or 0.5 % w/w (“high”) of microplastics. Tire particles reduced the lethality of chlorpyrifos to springtails (LC50 = 0.13–0.14 mg kg⁻¹ dry soil) and isopods (LC50 = 1.6 mg kg⁻¹ dry soil) by a factor of 2- > 2.5 and the chlorpyrifos-induced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and changes in electron transfer system (ETS) activity in P. scaber by a factor of 2–4. Polyester fibers reduced the chlorpyrifos-induced inhibition of AChE activity by a factor of 2 and increased (ETS) activity in P. scaber by a factor of >3. The fibers did not affect the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the survival of P. scaber or the survival and reproduction of F. candida. These results indicate that the bioavailability of chlorpyrifos may be decreased by microplastics, especially by tire particles. This study shows the importance of applying a mixture toxicity approach for understanding the threats of microplastics to soil, but also suggests that the organism and the endpoints chosen are crucial for the interpretation of the effects of combined exposures to microplastics and chemicals.
    Keywords Folsomia candida ; Porcellio scaber ; acetylcholinesterase ; bioavailability ; chlorpyrifos ; death ; electron transfer ; lethal concentration 50 ; microplastics ; plant protection ; polyesters ; reproduction ; sewage sludge ; soil ; soil ecology ; toxicity ; traffic ; Soil ecotoxicology ; Mixtures ; Woodlice ; Springtail ; Plant protection products
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 1196758-4
    ISSN 0929-1393
    ISSN 0929-1393
    DOI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104657
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5926: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Factors affecting microplastic retention and emission by a wastewater treatment plant on the southern coast of Caspian Sea.

    Alavian Petroody, Somayye Sadat / Hashemi, Seyed Hossein / van Gestel, Cornelis A M

    Chemosphere

    2020  Volume 261, Page(s) 128179

    Abstract: Understanding how wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) process microplastics (MPs) will help informing management practices to reduce MP emissions to the environment. We show that composite 24 h samples taken at three replications from the outflow of the ... ...

    Abstract Understanding how wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) process microplastics (MPs) will help informing management practices to reduce MP emissions to the environment. We show that composite 24 h samples taken at three replications from the outflow of the grit chamber, primary settling tank and clarifier of the WWTP of Sari City, on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, contained 12667 ± 668, 3514 ± 543 and 423 ± 44.9 MP/m
    MeSH term(s) Caspian Sea ; Cities ; Iran ; Microplastics/chemistry ; Microplastics/isolation & purification ; Nylons/chemistry ; Nylons/isolation & purification ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Polyesters/isolation & purification ; Polyethylene/chemistry ; Polyethylene/isolation & purification ; Textiles ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Waste Water/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification
    Chemical Substances Microplastics ; Nylons ; Polyesters ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Polyethylene (9002-88-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128179
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2540: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article: Factors affecting microplastic retention and emission by a wastewater treatment plant on the southern coast of Caspian Sea

    Alavian Petroody, Somayye Sadat / Hashemi, Seyed Hossein / van Gestel, Cornelis A.M

    Chemosphere. 2020 Dec., v. 261

    2020  

    Abstract: Understanding how wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) process microplastics (MPs) will help informing management practices to reduce MP emissions to the environment. We show that composite 24 h samples taken at three replications from the outflow of the ... ...

    Abstract Understanding how wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) process microplastics (MPs) will help informing management practices to reduce MP emissions to the environment. We show that composite 24 h samples taken at three replications from the outflow of the grit chamber, primary settling tank and clarifier of the WWTP of Sari City, on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, contained 12667 ± 668, 3514 ± 543 and 423 ± 44.9 MP/m³, respectively. Fibers accounted for 94.9%, 89.9% and 77.5% of the total number of MPs, respectively. The MP removal efficiency was 96.7%. MP shape (fiber, particle), size and structure were the most important factors determining their removal in different steps of the wastewater treatment process. The structure of microfibers (polyester, acrylic and nylon) and the consequent higher density than water explained their high removal (72.3%) in the primary settling tank. However, size was more important in microparticle removal with particles ≥500 μm being removed in the primary settling tank and <500 μm in the clarifier unit. The smallest particles (37–300 μm) showed the lowest removal efficiency. The predominant types of fibers and particles were polyester and polyethylene, respectively, which are likely to originate from the washing of synthetic textiles and from microbeads in toothpaste and cosmetics. Despite the efficiency of the Sari WWTP in removing MPs, it remains a major emission source of MPs to the Caspian Sea due to its high daily discharge load.
    Keywords administrative management ; coasts ; cosmetics ; density ; emissions ; environment ; fabrics ; microbeads ; microplastics ; nylon ; polyesters ; polyethylene ; sampling ; shape ; toothpaste ; washing ; wastewater treatment ; water ; Caspian Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-12
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128179
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2540: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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