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  1. Article ; Online: Can we Succeed in the Fight Against SARS-CoV-2 with its Emerging New Variants?

    Tavakol, Shima / Tavakol, Hani / Alavijeh, Mo S / Seifalian, Alexander

    Current pharmaceutical design

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 36, Page(s) 2953–2964

    Abstract: In 2019, the whole world came together to confront a life-threatening virus named SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 illness. The virus infected the human host by attaching to the ACE2 and CD147 receptors in some human cells, resulting in cytokine storm and ... ...

    Abstract In 2019, the whole world came together to confront a life-threatening virus named SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 illness. The virus infected the human host by attaching to the ACE2 and CD147 receptors in some human cells, resulting in cytokine storm and death. The new variants of the virus that caused concern are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon, according to the WHO label. However, Pango lineages designated them as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.429. Variants may be progressively formed in one chronic COVID-19 patient and transmitted to others. They show some differences in cellular and molecular mechanisms. Mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD) lead to alterations in the host's physiological responses. They show significantly higher transmissibility rates and viral load while evading neutralizing antibodies at different rates. These effects are through mutations, deletion, and conformational alterations in the virus, resulting in the enhanced affinity of RBD to PD of ACE2 protein, virus entry, and spike conformational change. In the clinical laboratory, new variants may diagnose from other variants using specific primers for RBD or NTD. There are some controversial findings regarding the efficacy of the developed vaccines against the new variants. This research aimed to discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms beyond COVID-19 pathogenesis, focusing on the new variants. We glanced at why the mutations and the ability to transmit the virus increase and how likely the available vaccines will be effective against these variants.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism ; Vaccines ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics ; Mutation
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; Vaccines ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-06
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1304236-1
    ISSN 1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
    ISSN (online) 1873-4286
    ISSN 1381-6128
    DOI 10.2174/1381612828666220506142117
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4714: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Vaccines in Clinical Trials and their Mode of Action for Immunity against the Virus.

    Tavakol, Shima / Alavijeh, Mo S / Seifalian, Alexander M

    Current pharmaceutical design

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 13, Page(s) 1553–1563

    Abstract: For nearly two decades, coronaviruses have caused many health and economic problems, while no effective commercial vaccine has yet been developed. It is worth mentioning that despite some mutations and recombination in SARS-CoV-2, its genotype is very ... ...

    Abstract For nearly two decades, coronaviruses have caused many health and economic problems, while no effective commercial vaccine has yet been developed. It is worth mentioning that despite some mutations and recombination in SARS-CoV-2, its genotype is very close to the original strain from Wuhan, China. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine would be promising. It might be hypothesized that BCG vaccination is performed in high-risk populations before the commercialization of an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, the development of an effective vaccine without considering the adverse immune reactions derived from antibody-dependent or cell-based immune enhancement may threaten vaccinated people's lives and long-term side effects must be considered. To this end, targeting of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in spike and not whole spike, glycolization of FC receptors, PD-1 blockers, CPPs, etc., are promising. Therefore, the subunit vaccines or RNA vaccines that encode the RBP segment of the spike are of interest. To enhance the vaccine efficacy, its co-delivery with an adjuvant has been recommended. Nanoparticles modulate immune response with higher efficiency than the soluble form of antigens and can be functionalized with the positively charged moieties and ligands of targeted cells, such as dendritic cells, to increase cellular uptake of the antigens and their presentation on the surface of immune cells. This research aimed to discuss the COVID-19 vaccines entering the clinical trial and their mode of action effective immunity against the virus and discusses their advantages compared to each other.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; China ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Vaccines
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Vaccines
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-24
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1304236-1
    ISSN 1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
    ISSN (online) 1873-4286
    ISSN 1381-6128
    DOI 10.2174/1381612826666201023143956
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The World Against Versatile SARS-Cov-2 Nanomachines: Mythological or Reality?

    Tavakol, Shima / Tavakol, Hani / Alavijeh, Mo S / Seifalian, Alexander

    Current stem cell research & therapy

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 43–57

    Abstract: Nanomachines hold promise for the next generation of emerging technology; however, nanomachines are not a new concept. Viruses, nature's nanomachines, have already existed for thousands of years. In 2019, the whole world had to come together to confront ... ...

    Abstract Nanomachines hold promise for the next generation of emerging technology; however, nanomachines are not a new concept. Viruses, nature's nanomachines, have already existed for thousands of years. In 2019, the whole world had to come together to confront a life-threatening nanomachine named "SARS-CoV-2", which causes COVID-19 illness. SARS-CoV-2, a smart nanomachine, attaches itself to the ACE2 and CD147 receptors present on the cell surfaces of the lungs, kidneys, heart, brain, intestines, testes, etc. and triggers pathogenesis. Cell entry triggers a cascade of inflammatory responses resulting in tissue damage, with the worst affected cases leading to death. SARS-CoV-2 influences several receptors and signalling pathways; therefore, finding a biomaterial that caps these signalling pathways and ligand sites is of interest. This research aimed to compare the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and its elderly sisters, MERS and SARS. Furthermore, we glanced at emerging therapeutics that carry potential in eliminating SARS-CoV-2, and the tissue damage it causes. Simple prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COVID- 19 infection have been put forward.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Lung ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-12
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2251937-3
    ISSN 2212-3946 ; 1574-888X
    ISSN (online) 2212-3946
    ISSN 1574-888X
    DOI 10.2174/1574888X16666210712213102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6399: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: COVID-19 Vaccines on Clinical Trials and their Mode of Action for Immunity against the Virus

    Tavakol, Shima / Alavijeh, Mo S / Seifalian, Alexander M

    Curr. pharm. des

    Abstract: For nearly two decades, coronaviruses have caused many health and economic problems, while no effective commercial vaccine has yet been developed. It is worth mentioning that despite some mutations and recombination in SARS-CoV-2, its genotype is very ... ...

    Abstract For nearly two decades, coronaviruses have caused many health and economic problems, while no effective commercial vaccine has yet been developed. It is worth mentioning that despite some mutations and recombination in SARS-CoV-2, its genotype is very close to the original strain from Wuhan, China. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine would be promising. It might be hypothesized that BCG vaccination is performed in high-risk populations before the commercialization of an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, the development of an effective vaccine without considering the adverse immune reactions derived from antibody-dependent or cell-based immune enhancement is may threaten vaccinated people's lives and long-term side effect must be considered. To this end, targeting of the receptorbinding domain (RBD) in spike and not whole spike, glycolization of FC receptors, PD-1 blockers, CPPs, etc. are promising. Therefore, the subunit vaccines or RNA vaccines that encode the RBP segment of the spike are of interest. To enhance the vaccine efficacy, its co-delivery with an adjuvant has been recommended. Nanoparticles modulate immune response with higher efficiency than the soluble form of antigens and can be functionalized with the positively charged moieties and ligands of targeted cells, such as dendritic cells, to increase cellular uptake of the antigens and their presentation on the surface of immune cells. This research aimed to discuss the COVID-19 vaccines entering the clinical trial and their mode of action effective immunity against the virus and discusses their advantages compared to each other.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #890256
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article: The role of nanotechnology in current COVID-19 outbreak

    Tavakol, Shima / Zahmatkeshan, Masoumeh / Mohammadinejad, Reza / Mehrzadi, Saeed / Joghataei, Mohammad T / Alavijeh, Mo S / Seifalian, Alexander

    Heliyon. 2021 Apr., v. 7, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: COVID-19 has recently become one of the most challenging pandemics of the last century with deadly outcomes and a high rate of reproduction number. It emphasizes the critical need for the designing of efficient vaccines to prevent virus infection, early ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 has recently become one of the most challenging pandemics of the last century with deadly outcomes and a high rate of reproduction number. It emphasizes the critical need for the designing of efficient vaccines to prevent virus infection, early and fast diagnosis by the high sensitivity and selectivity diagnostic kits, and effective antiviral and protective therapeutics to decline and eliminate the viral load and side effects derived from tissue damages. Therefore, non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles (NPs) have been under development for clinical application to prevent and treat COVID-19. NPs showed great promise to provide nano vaccines against viral infections. Here, we discuss the potentials of NPs that may be applied as a drug itself or as a platform for the aim of drug and vaccine repurposing and development. Meanwhile, the advanced strategies based on NPs to detect viruses will be described with the goal of encouraging scientists to design effective and cost-benefit nanoplatforms for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; reproduction ; therapeutics ; vaccines ; viral load ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-04
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06841
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: The role of nanotechnology in current COVID-19 outbreak.

    Tavakol, Shima / Zahmatkeshan, Masoumeh / Mohammadinejad, Reza / Mehrzadi, Saeed / Joghataei, Mohammad T / Alavijeh, Mo S / Seifalian, Alexander

    Heliyon

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) e06841

    Abstract: COVID-19 has recently become one of the most challenging pandemics of the last century with deadly outcomes and a high rate of reproduction number. It emphasizes the critical need for the designing of efficient vaccines to prevent virus infection, early ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 has recently become one of the most challenging pandemics of the last century with deadly outcomes and a high rate of reproduction number. It emphasizes the critical need for the designing of efficient vaccines to prevent virus infection, early and fast diagnosis by the high sensitivity and selectivity diagnostic kits, and effective antiviral and protective therapeutics to decline and eliminate the viral load and side effects derived from tissue damages. Therefore, non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles (NPs) have been under development for clinical application to prevent and treat COVID-19. NPs showed great promise to provide nano vaccines against viral infections. Here, we discuss the potentials of NPs that may be applied as a drug itself or as a platform for the aim of drug and vaccine repurposing and development. Meanwhile, the advanced strategies based on NPs to detect viruses will be described with the goal of encouraging scientists to design effective and cost-benefit nanoplatforms for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06841
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The role of mouse tumour models in the discovery and development of anticancer drugs.

    Ireson, Christopher R / Alavijeh, Mo S / Palmer, Alan M / Fowler, Emily R / Jones, Hazel J

    British journal of cancer

    2019  Volume 121, Issue 2, Page(s) 101–108

    Abstract: Our understanding of cancer biology has increased substantially over the past 30 years. Despite this, and an increasing pharmaceutical company expenditure on research and development, the approval of novel oncology drugs during the past decade continues ... ...

    Abstract Our understanding of cancer biology has increased substantially over the past 30 years. Despite this, and an increasing pharmaceutical company expenditure on research and development, the approval of novel oncology drugs during the past decade continues to be modest. In addition, the attrition of agents during clinical development remains high. This attrition can be attributed, at least in part, to the clinical development being underpinned by the demonstration of predictable efficacy in experimental models of human tumours. This review will focus on the range of models available for the discovery and development of anticancer drugs, from traditional subcutaneous injection of tumour cell lines to mice genetically engineered to spontaneously give rise to tumours. It will consider the best time to use the models, along with practical applications and shortcomings. Finally, and most importantly, it will describe how these models reflect the underlying cancer biology and how well they predict efficacy in the clinic. Developing a line of sight to the clinic early in a drug discovery project provides clear benefit, as it helps to guide the selection of appropriate preclinical models and facilitates the investigation of relevant biomarkers.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Development ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80075-2
    ISSN 1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
    ISSN (online) 1532-1827
    ISSN 0007-0920
    DOI 10.1038/s41416-019-0495-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Dose-dependent effect and pharmacokinetics of fexinidazole and its metabolites in a mouse model of human African trypanosomiasis.

    Burrell-Saward, Hollie / Harris, Andrew J / de LaFlor, Raul / Sallam, Hatem / Alavijeh, Mo S / Ward, Theresa H / Croft, Simon L

    International journal of antimicrobial agents

    2017  Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 203–209

    Abstract: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease, with a population of 70 million at risk. Current treatment options are limited. In the search for new therapeutics, the repurposing of the broad-spectrum antiprotozoal drug fexinidazole ...

    Abstract Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease, with a population of 70 million at risk. Current treatment options are limited. In the search for new therapeutics, the repurposing of the broad-spectrum antiprotozoal drug fexinidazole has completed Phase III trials with the anticipation that it will be the first oral treatment for HAT. This study used the recently validated bioluminescence imaging model to assess the dose and rate of kill effect of fexinidazole in infected mice, and the dose-dependent effect of fexinidazole on trypanosome infection. Pharmacokinetics of fexinidazole in plasma and central nervous system (CNS) compartments were similar in both infected and uninfected mice. Drug distribution within the CNS was further examined by microdialysis, showing similar levels in the cortex and hippocampus. However, high variability in drug distribution and exposure was found between mice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1093977-5
    ISSN 1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
    ISSN (online) 1872-7913
    ISSN 0924-8579
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.MO 500: Show issues

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