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Article ; Online: Welcome to One Health Outlook

Albert Osterhaus

One Health Outlook, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 2

Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS and COVID-19

Franziska Karola Kaiser / Albert Osterhaus

Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift (2021)

New zoonotic outbreaks emerging from bat reservoirs

2021

Abstract: SARS and COVID-19 are two severe human diseases with coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 as causative agents, respectively. Both viruses are taxonomically closely related betacoronaviruses originating from zoonotic spill-over events of their ... ...

Abstract	SARS and COVID-19 are two severe human diseases with coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 as causative agents, respectively. Both viruses are taxonomically closely related betacoronaviruses originating from zoonotic spill-over events of their ancestors, which are representatives of a huge number of coronaviruses present in bat reservoirs. Although until the identification of SARS as a new human disease entity, coronaviruses generally were considered mild human pathogens, but had been recognized as major pathogens for some animal species. SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks both emerged in China, probably from wet markets, facilitated by conditions that favor interspecies spill-over due to direct or indirect contacts between wildlife species and humans. Both pathogens have demonstrated their ability to not only infect wildlife species and humans but to occasionally spillover from humans to pet and farmed carnivore species. Despite numerous similarities between SARS and COVID-19, there are major differences in their epidemiological characteristics. The case fatality rate of the SARS epidemic is estimated to be approximately tenfold higher than that of COVID-19. However, less than 800 people died from SARS, whereas about half a million people succumbed to COVID-19 worldwide in the first half year of the ongoing pandemic. The explosive spread of SARS-CoV-2 was at least in part facilitated by transmission without or before onset of symptoms, which hindered implementation of effective control measures. To be better prepared for future epidemics and pandemics originating from zoonotic pathogens like SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, preparing in „peacetime“ is crucial while profiting from state-of-the-art scientific knowledge and international collaboration in a One Health approach.
Keywords	sars-cov ; sars-cov-2 ; epidemics ; pandemics ; one health ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	590
Language	German
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Schlütersche Fachmedien GmbH
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of Post-COVID-19 Patients Using Medical Scent Detection Dogs—A Pilot Study

Friederike Twele / Nele Alexandra ten Hagen / Sebastian Meller / Claudia Schulz / Albert Osterhaus / Paula Jendrny / Hans Ebbers / Isabell Pink / Nora Drick / Tobias Welte / Esther Schalke / Holger Andreas Volk

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: There is a growing number of COVID-19 patients experiencing long-term symptoms months after their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous research proved dogs' ability to detect acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, but has not yet shown if dogs also indicate ... ...

Abstract	There is a growing number of COVID-19 patients experiencing long-term symptoms months after their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous research proved dogs' ability to detect acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, but has not yet shown if dogs also indicate samples of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). Nine dogs, previously trained to detect samples of acute COVID-19 patients, were confronted with samples of Long COVID patients in two testing scenarios. In test scenario I (samples of acute COVID-19 vs. Long COVID) dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for acute COVID-19) of 86.7% (95%CI: 75.4–98.0%) and a specificity of 95.8% (95%CI: 92.5–99.0%). When dogs were confronted with Long COVID and negative control samples in scenario IIa, dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for Long COVID) of 94.4 (95%CI: 70.5–100.0%) and a specificity of 96.1% (95%CI: 87.6–100.0%). In comparison, when acute SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and negative control samples were comparatively presented (scenario IIb), a mean sensitivity of 86.9 (95%CI: 55.7–100.0%) and a specificity of 88.1% (95%CI: 82.7–93.6%) was attained. This pilot study supports the hypothesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) being long-term present after the initial infection in post-COVID-19 patients. Detection dogs, trained with samples of acute COVID-19 patients, also identified samples of Long COVID patients with a high sensitivity when presented next to samples of healthy individuals. This data may be used for further studies evaluating the pathophysiology underlying Long COVID and the composition of specific VOC-patterns released by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients throughout the course of this complex disease.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; scent detection dogs ; Long COVID ; volatile organic compound (VOC) ; COVID-19 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lagovirus europeus GI.2 (rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2) infection in captive mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in Germany

Melanie Buehler / Sonja T. Jesse / Heike Kueck / Bastian Lange / Patricia Koenig / Wendy K. Jo / Albert Osterhaus / Andreas Beineke

BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV, Lagovirus europeus GI.1) induces a contagious and highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits. In 2010 a new genotype of lagovirus (GI.2), emerged in Europe, infecting wild and domestic ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV, Lagovirus europeus GI.1) induces a contagious and highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits. In 2010 a new genotype of lagovirus (GI.2), emerged in Europe, infecting wild and domestic population of rabbits and hares. Case presentation We describe the infection with a GI.2 strain, “Bremerhaven-17”, in captive mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in a zoo facility in Germany. Postmortem examination revealed RHD-like lesions including necrotizing hepatitis. RT-qPCR and AG-ELISA confirmed presence of GI.2. Recombination and phylogenetic analysis grouped the identified strain with other GI.2 strains, sharing nucleotide identity of 91–99%. Conclusion Our findings confirm that mountain hares are susceptible to GI.2 infection, due to a past recombination event facilitating virus spillover from sympatric rabbits.
Keywords	Leporidae ; Caliciviridae ; Emerging infection ; Phylogenetic analysis ; Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 ; RHDV2 ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies in Domestic Cats during First COVID-19 Wave, Europe

Claudia Schulz / Byron Martina / Monica Mirolo / Elisabeth Müller / Ruth Klein / Holger Volk / Herman Egberink / Mariana Gonzalez-Hernandez / Franziska Kaiser / Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede / Albert Osterhaus

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 12, Pp 3115-

2021 Volume 3118

Abstract: We conducted a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroprevalence study among >2,000 domestic cats from 4 countries during the first coronavirus disease wave in Europe. We found 4.4% seroprevalence using a virus neutralization test ... ...

Abstract	We conducted a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroprevalence study among >2,000 domestic cats from 4 countries during the first coronavirus disease wave in Europe. We found 4.4% seroprevalence using a virus neutralization test and 4.3% using a receptor-binding domain ELISA, demonstrating probable human-to-cat transmission.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; cat ; Europe ; serology ; ELISA ; neutralization tests ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Immunity to TBEV Related Flaviviruses with Reduced Pathogenicity Protects Mice from Disease but Not from TBEV Entry into the CNS

Monique Petry / Martin Palus / Eva Leitzen / Johanna Gracia Mitterreiter / Bei Huang / Andrea Kröger / Georges M. G. M. Verjans / Wolfgang Baumgärtner / Guus F. Rimmelzwaan / Daniel Růžek / Albert Osterhaus / Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth

Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 3, p

2021 Volume 196

Abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a leading cause of vector-borne viral encephalitis with expanding endemic regions across Europe. In this study we tested in mice the efficacy of preinfection with a closely related low-virulent flavivirus, Langat ... ...

Abstract	Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a leading cause of vector-borne viral encephalitis with expanding endemic regions across Europe. In this study we tested in mice the efficacy of preinfection with a closely related low-virulent flavivirus, Langat virus (LGTV strain TP21), or a naturally avirulent TBEV strain (TBEV-280) in providing protection against lethal infection with the highly virulent TBEV strain (referred to as TBEV-Hypr). We show that prior infection with TP21 or TBEV-280 is efficient in protecting mice from lethal TBEV-Hypr challenge. Histopathological analysis of brains from nonimmunized mice revealed neuronal TBEV infection and necrosis. Neuroinflammation, gliosis, and neuronal necrosis was however also observed in some of the TP21 and TBEV-280 preinfected mice although at reduced frequency as compared to the nonimmunized TBEV-Hypr infected mice. qPCR detected the presence of viral RNA in the CNS of both TP21 and TBEV-280 immunized mice after TBEV-Hypr challenge, but significantly reduced compared to mock-immunized mice. Our results indicate that although TBEV-Hypr infection is effectively controlled in the periphery upon immunization with low-virulent LGTV or naturally avirulent TBEV 280, it may still enter the CNS of these animals. These findings contribute to our understanding of causes for vaccine failure in individuals vaccinated with TBE vaccines.
Keywords	tick-borne encephalitis virus ; Langat virus ; CNS ; neuronal damage ; virus induced immunity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of a mass screening event

Holger Andreas Volk / Tobias Welte / Claudia Schulz / Andreas Nitsche / Thomas Illig / Lothar Kreienbrock / Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede / Michael Peter Manns / Nele Alexandra ten Hagen / Friederike Twele / Sebastian Meller / Lisa Wijnen / Clara Schoneberg / Albert Osterhaus / Anna-Lena Boeck / Konstantin Boeck / Viktoria Bonda / Veronika Pilchová / Franziska Karola Kaiser /

Mariana Gonzalez Hernandez / Hans Ebbers / Julia Hinsenkamp / Isabell Pink / Nora Drick / Andreas Puyskens / Christiane Ernst / Michael Engels / Esther Schalke

BMJ Global Health, Vol 7, Iss

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Introduction Previous research demonstrated that medical scent detection dogs have the ability to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 positive from negative samples with high diagnostic accuracy. To deploy these dogs as a reliable screening method, it is mandatory to ...

Abstract	Introduction Previous research demonstrated that medical scent detection dogs have the ability to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 positive from negative samples with high diagnostic accuracy. To deploy these dogs as a reliable screening method, it is mandatory to examine if canines maintain their high diagnostic accuracy in real-life screening settings. We conducted a study to evaluate the performance of medical scent detection dogs under real-life circumstances.Methods Eight dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR-positive samples. Four concerts with a total of 2802 participants were held to evaluate canines’ performance in screening individuals for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sweat samples were taken from all participants and presented in a line-up setting. In addition, every participant had been tested with a SARS-CoV-2 specific rapid antigen test and a RT-qPCR and they provided information regarding age, sex, vaccination status and medical disease history. The participants’ infection status was unknown at the time of canine testing. Safety measures such as mask wearing and distance keeping were ensured.Results The SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs achieved a diagnostic specificity of 99.93% (95% CI 99.74% to 99.99%) and a sensitivity of 81.58% (95% CI 66.58% to 90.78%), respectively. The overall rate of concordant results was 99.68%. The majority of the study population was vaccinated with varying vaccines and vaccination schemes, while several participants had chronic diseases and were under chronic medication. This did not influence dogs’ decisions.Conclusion Our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 scent detection dogs achieved high diagnostic accuracy in a real-life scenario. The vaccination status, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, chronic disease and medication of the participants did not influence the performance of the dogs in detecting the acute infection. This indicates that dogs provide a fast and reliable screening option for public events in which high-throughput screening is required.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cellular Importin-α3 Expression Dynamics in the Lung Regulate Antiviral Response Pathways against Influenza A Virus Infection

Cell Reports, Vol 31, Iss 3, Pp - (2020)

2020

Abstract: Summary: Importin-α adaptor proteins orchestrate dynamic nuclear transport processes involved in cellular homeostasis. Here, we show that importin-α3, one of the main NF-κB transporters, is the most abundantly expressed classical nuclear transport factor ...

Abstract	Summary: Importin-α adaptor proteins orchestrate dynamic nuclear transport processes involved in cellular homeostasis. Here, we show that importin-α3, one of the main NF-κB transporters, is the most abundantly expressed classical nuclear transport factor in the mammalian respiratory tract. Importin-α3 promoter activity is regulated by TNF-α-induced NF-κB in a concentration-dependent manner. High-level TNF-α-inducing highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (HPAIVs) isolated from fatal human cases harboring human-type polymerase signatures (PB2 627K, 701N) significantly downregulate importin-α3 mRNA expression in primary lung cells. Importin-α3 depletion is restored upon back-mutating the HPAIV polymerase into an avian-type signature (PB2 627E, 701D) that can no longer induce high TNF-α levels. Importin-α3-deficient mice show reduced NF-κB-activated antiviral gene expression and increased influenza lethality. Thus, importin-α3 plays a key role in antiviral immunity against influenza. Lifting the bottleneck in importin-α3 availability in the lung might provide a new strategy to combat respiratory virus infections. : Thiele et al. show that importin-α3 is one of the major nuclear transporters of NF-κB in the mammalian lung. High-level TNF-α-inducing HPAIVs inhibit importin-α3 mRNA transcription by interfering with its promoter activity. Thus, HPAIVs may evade antiviral immunity in the respiratory tract by generating a bottleneck in importin-α3 availability. Keywords: lung, influenza, pneumonia, immune sensor, cytokine storm
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: New Avian Hepadnavirus in Palaeognathous Bird, Germany

Wendy K. Jo / Vanessa M. Pfankuche / Henning Petersen / Samuel Frei / Maya Kummrow / Stephan Lorenzen / Martin Ludlow / Julia Metzger / Wolfgang Baumgärtner / Albert Osterhaus / Erhard van der Vries

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 23, Iss 12, Pp 2089-

2017 Volume 2091

Abstract: In 2015, we identified an avian hepatitis B virus associated with hepatitis in a group of captive elegant-crested tinamous (Eudromia elegans) in Germany. The full-length genome of this virus shares <76% sequence identity with other avihepadnaviruses. The ...

Abstract	In 2015, we identified an avian hepatitis B virus associated with hepatitis in a group of captive elegant-crested tinamous (Eudromia elegans) in Germany. The full-length genome of this virus shares <76% sequence identity with other avihepadnaviruses. The virus may therefore be considered a new extant avian hepadnavirus.
Keywords	HBV ; hepatitis B virus ; avian hepadnavirus ; elegant-crested tinamou ; palaeognathae ; viruses ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Association of Batai Virus Infection and Encephalitis in Harbor Seals, Germany, 2016

Wendy K. Jo / Vanessa M. Pfankuche / Annika Lehmbecker / Byron Martina / Ana Rubio-Garcia / Stefanie Becker / Jochen Kruppa / Klaus Jung / Daniela Klotz / Julia Metzger / Martin Ludlow / Wolfgang Baumgärtner / Erhard van der Vries / Albert Osterhaus

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 24, Iss 9, Pp 1691-

2018 Volume 1695

Abstract: We isolated Batai virus from the brain of a euthanized, 26-year-old, captive harbor seal with meningoencephalomyelitis in Germany. We provide evidence that this orthobunyavirus can naturally infect the central nervous system of a mammal. The full-genome ... ...

Abstract	We isolated Batai virus from the brain of a euthanized, 26-year-old, captive harbor seal with meningoencephalomyelitis in Germany. We provide evidence that this orthobunyavirus can naturally infect the central nervous system of a mammal. The full-genome sequence showed differences from a previously reported virus isolate from a mosquito in Germany.
Keywords	Batai virus ; viruses ; infection ; encephalitis ; meningitis/encephalitis ; harbor seal ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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