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  1. Article ; Online: Rapid implementation and validation of a cold-chain free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing workflow to support surge capacity.

    Bosworth, Andrew / Whalley, Celina / Poxon, Charlie / Wanigasooriya, Kasun / Pickles, Oliver / Aldera, Erin L / Papakonstantinou, Danai / Morley, Gabriella L / Walker, Eloise M / Zielinska, Agnieszka E / McLoughlin, Dee / Webster, Craig / Plant, Tim / Ellis, Andrew / Richter, Alex / Kidd, I Michael / Beggs, Andrew D

    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

    2020  Volume 128, Page(s) 104469

    Abstract: Background: In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the ... ...

    Abstract Background: In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the United Kingdom, the Department of Health and Social Care directed healthcare providers to establish additional resources to manage the anticipated surge in cases that could overwhelm the health services. A priority area was testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and its detection by qualitative RT-PCR.
    Design: A laboratory workflow twinning research environment with clinical laboratory capabilities was implemented and validated in the University of Birmingham within 4 days of the project initiation. The diagnostic capability was centred on an IVD CE-marked RT-PCR kit and designed to provide surge capacity to the nearby Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The service was initially tasked with testing healthcare workers (HCW) using throat swabs, and subsequently the process investigated the utility of using saliva as an alternative sample type.
    Results: Between the 8th April 2020 and the 30th April 2020, the laboratory tested a total of 1282 HCW for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in throat swabs. RNA was detected in 54 % of those who reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19, but in only 4% who were asymptomatic.
    Conclusion: This capability was established rapidly and utilised a cold-chain free methodology, applicable to a wide range of settings, and which can provide surge capacity and support to clinical laboratories facing increasing pressure during periods of national crisis.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Saliva/virology ; Surge Capacity ; United Kingdom ; Workflow
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Study
    ZDB-ID 1446080-4
    ISSN 1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
    ISSN (online) 1873-5967
    ISSN 1386-6532
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104469
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Rapid implementation and validation of a cold-chain free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing workflow to support surge capacity

    Bosworth, Andrew / Whalley, Celina / Poxon, Charlie / Wanigasooriya, Kasun / Pickles, Oliver / Aldera, Erin L / Papakonstantinou, Danai / Morley, Gabriella L / Walker, Eloise M / Zielinska, Agnieszka E / McLoughlin, Dee / Webster, Craig / Plant, Tim / Ellis, Andrew / Richter, Alex / Kidd, I Michael / Beggs, Andrew D

    J Clin Virol

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the United Kingdom, the Department of Health and Social Care directed healthcare providers to establish additional resources to manage the anticipated surge in cases that could overwhelm the health services. A priority area was testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and its detection by qualitative RT-PCR. DESIGN: A laboratory workflow twinning research environment with clinical laboratory capabilities was implemented and validated in the University of Birmingham within 4 days of the project initiation. The diagnostic capability was centred on an IVD CE-marked RT-PCR kit and designed to provide surge capacity to the nearby Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The service was initially tasked with testing healthcare workers (HCW) using throat swabs, and subsequently the process investigated the utility of using saliva as an alternative sample type. RESULTS: Between the 8th April 2020 and the 30th April 2020, the laboratory tested a total of 1282 HCW for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in throat swabs. RNA was detected in 54 % of those who reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19, but in only 4% who were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: This capability was established rapidly and utilised a cold-chain free methodology, applicable to a wide range of settings, and which can provide surge capacity and support to clinical laboratories facing increasing pressure during periods of national crisis.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #343387
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Rapid implementation and validation of a cold-chain free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing workflow to support surge capacity.

    Bosworth, Andrew / Whalley, Celina / Poxon, Charlie / Wanigasooriya, Kasun / Pickles, Oliver / Aldera, Erin L / Papakonstantinou, Danai / Morley, Gabriella L / Walker, Eloise M / Zielinska, Agnieszka E / McLoughlin, Dee / Webster, Craig / Plant, Tim / Ellis, Andrew / Richter, Alex / Kidd, I Michael / Beggs, Andrew D

    2020  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the United Kingdom, the Department of Health and Social Care directed healthcare providers to establish additional resources to manage the anticipated surge in cases that could overwhelm the health services. A priority area was testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and its detection by qualitative RT-PCR. DESIGN A laboratory workflow twinning research environment with clinical laboratory capabilities was implemented and validated in the University of Birmingham within 4 days of the project initiation. The diagnostic capability was centred on an IVD CE-marked RT-PCR kit and designed to provide surge capacity to the nearby Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The service was initially tasked with testing healthcare workers (HCW) using throat swabs, and subsequently the process investigated the utility of using saliva as an alternative sample type. RESULTS Between the 8th April 2020 and the 30th April 2020, the laboratory tested a total of 1282 HCW for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in throat swabs. RNA was detected in 54 % of those who reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19, but in only 4% who were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION This capability was established rapidly and utilised a cold-chain free methodology, applicable to a wide range of settings, and which can provide surge capacity and support to clinical laboratories facing increasing pressure during periods of national crisis.
    Keywords QW Microbiology. Immunology ; W Public health. Health statistics. Occupational health. Health education ; WC Communicabable diseases ; WF Respiratory system. Respiratory medicine ; covid19
    Subject code 360
    Publishing date 2020-05-23
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Rapid implementation and validation of a cold-chain free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing workflow to support surge capacity

    Bosworth, Andrew / Whalley, Celina / Poxon, Charlie / Wanigasooriya, Kasun / Pickles, Oliver / Aldera, Erin L. / Papakonstantinou, Danai / Morley, Gabriella L. / Walker, Eloise M. / Zielinska, Agnieszka E. / McLoughlin, Dee / Webster, Craig / Plant, Tim / Ellis, Andrew / Richter, Alex / Kidd, I. Michael / Beggs, Andrew D.

    Journal of Clinical Virology

    2020  Volume 128, Page(s) 104469

    Keywords Virology ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1446080-4
    ISSN 1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
    ISSN (online) 1873-5967
    ISSN 1386-6532
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104469
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in health care workers

    Shields, Adrian M / Faustini, Sian E / Perez-Toledo, Marisol / Jossi, Sian / Aldera, Erin L / Allen, Joel D / Al-Taei, Saly / Backhouse, Claire / Bosworth, Andrew / Dunbar, Lyndsey / Ebanks, Daniel / Emmanuel, Beena / Grey, Joanne / Kidd, I Michael / McGinnell, Golaeh / McLoughlin, Dee / Morley, Gabriella / O'Neill, Joanne / Papakonstantinou, Danai /
    Pickles, Oliver / Poxon, Charlotte / Richter, Megan / Walker, Eloise / Wanigasooriya, Kasun / Watanabe, Yasunori / Whalley, Celina / Zielinska, Agnieszka E / Crispin, Max / Wraith, David C / Beggs, Andrew D / Cunningham, Adam F / Drayson, Mark T / Richter, Alex G

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background The correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and their longevity remain unclear. Studies in severely ill individuals have identified robust cellular and humoral immune responses against the virus. Asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 has ... ...

    Abstract Background The correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and their longevity remain unclear. Studies in severely ill individuals have identified robust cellular and humoral immune responses against the virus. Asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 has also been described, but it is unknown whether this is sufficient to produce antibody responses. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study recruiting 554 health care workers from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust who were at work and asymptomatic. Participants were tested for current infection with SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swab for real-time polymerase chain reaction and for seroconversion by the measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results were interpreted in the context of previous, self-reported symptoms of illness consistent with COVID-19. Results The point prevalence of infection with SARS-CoV-2, determined by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on nasopharnygeal swab was 2.39% (n=13/544). Serum was available on 516 participants. The overall rate of seroconversion in the cohort was 24.4% (n=126/516). Individuals who had previously experienced a symptomatic illness consistent with COVID-19 had significantly greater seroconversion rates than those who had remained asymptomatic (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2 =21.1034, p<0.0001). In the week preceding peak COVID-19-related mortality at UHBFT, seroconversion rates amongst those who were suffering from symptomatic illnesses peaked at 77.8%. Prior symptomatic illness generated quantitatively higher antibody responses than asymptomatic seroconversion. Seroconversion rates were highest amongst those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%) with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%) and emergency medicine (13.3%). Conclusions In a large cross-sectional seroprevalence study of health-care workers, we demonstrate that asymptomatic seroconversion occurs, however prior symptomatic illness is associated with quantitatively higher antibody responses. The identification that the potential for seroconversion in health-care workers can associate differentially with certain hospital departments may inform future infection control and occupational health practices.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-19
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105197
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses

    Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa / Huo, Jiandong / Zhou, Daming / Zahradník, Jiří / Supasa, Piyada / Liu, Chang / Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E. / Ginn, Helen M. / Mentzer, Alexander J. / Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai / Nutalai, Rungtiwa / Wang, Beibei / Dijokaite, Aiste / Khan, Suman / Avinoam, Ori / Bahar, Mohammad / Skelly, Donal / Adele, Sandra / Johnson, Sile Ann /
    Amini, Ali / Ritter, Thomas G. / Mason, Chris / Dold, Christina / Pan, Daniel / Assadi, Sara / Bellass, Adam / Omo-Dare, Nicola / Koeckerling, David / Flaxman, Amy / Jenkin, Daniel / Aley, Parvinder K. / Voysey, Merryn / Clemens, Sue Ann Costa / Naveca, Felipe Gomes / Nascimento, Valdinete / Nascimento, Fernanda / Fernandes da Costa, Cristiano / Resende, Paola Cristina / Pauvolid-Correa, Alex / Siqueira, Marilda M. / Baillie, Vicky / Serafin, Natali / Kwatra, Gaurav / Da Silva, Kelly / Madhi, Shabir A. / Nunes, Marta C. / Malik, Tariq / Openshaw, Peter J.M. / Baillie, J. Kenneth / Semple, Malcolm G. / Townsend, Alain R. / Huang, Kuan-Ying A. / Tan, Tiong Kit / Carroll, Miles W. / Klenerman, Paul / Barnes, Eleanor / Dunachie, Susanna J. / Constantinides, Bede / Webster, Hermione / Crook, Derrick / Pollard, Andrew J. / Lambe, Teresa / Paterson, Neil G. / Williams, Mark A. / Hall, David R. / Fry, Elizabeth E. / Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip / Ren, Jingshan / Schreiber, Gideon / Stuart, David I. / Screaton, Gavin R. / Conlon, Christopher / Deeks, Alexandra S. / Frater, John / Frending, Lisa / Gardiner, Siobhan / Jämsén, Anni / Jeffery, Katie / Malone, Tom / Phillips, Eloise / Rothwell, Lucy / Stafford, Lizzie / Baillie, J Kenneth / Openshaw, Peter JM. / Carson, Gail / Alex, Beatrice / Andrikopoulos, Petros / Bach, Benjamin / Barclay, Wendy S. / Bogaert, Debby / Chand, Meera / Chechi, Kanta / Cooke, Graham S. / da Silva Filipe, Ana / de Silva, Thushan / Docherty, Annemarie B. / dos Santos Correia, Gonçalo / Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel / Dunning, Jake / Fletcher, Tom / Green, Christoper A. / Greenhalf, William / Griffin, Julian L. / Gupta, Rishi K. / Harrison, Ewen M. / Hiscox, Julian A. / Wai Ho, Antonia Ying / Horby, Peter W. / Ijaz, Samreen / Khoo, Saye / Law, Andrew / Lewis, Matthew R. / Liggi, Sonia / Lim, Wei Shen / Maslen, Lynn / Merson, Laura / Meynert, Alison M. / Moore, Shona C. / Noursadeghi, Mahdad / Olanipekun, Michael / Osagie, Anthonia / Palmarini, Massimo / Palmieri, Carlo / Paxton, William A. / Pollakis, Georgios / Price, Nicholas / Rambaut, Andrew / Robertson, Dave / Russell, Clark D. / Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa / Sands, Caroline J. / Scott, Janet T. / Sigfrid, Louise / Solomon, Tom / Sriskandan, Shiranee / Stuart, David / Summers, Charlotte / Swann, Olivia V. / Takats, Zoltan / Takis, Panteleimon / Tedder, Richard S. / Thompson, AA Roger / Thomson, Emma C. / Thwaites, Ryan S. / Turtle, Lance CW. / Zambon, Maria / Hardwick, Hayley / Donohue, Chloe / Griffiths, Fiona / Oosthuyzen, Wilna / Donegan, Cara / Spencer, Rebecca G. / Norman, Lisa / Pius, Riinu / Drake, Thomas M. / Fairfield, Cameron J. / Knight, Stephen R. / Mclean, Kenneth A. / Murphy, Derek / Shaw, Catherine A. / Dalton, Jo / Girvan, Michelle / Saviciute, Egle / Roberts, Stephanie / Harrison, Janet / Marsh, Laura / Connor, Marie / Halpin, Sophie / Jackson, Clare / Gamble, C. / Plotkin, Daniel / Lee, James / Leeming, Gary / Wham, Murray / Clohisey, Sara / Hendry, Ross / Scott-Brown, Jas / Shaw, Victoria / McDonald, Sarah E. / Keating, Seán / Ahmed, Katie A. / Armstrong, Jane A. / Ashworth, Milton / Asiimwe, Innocent G. / Bakshi, Siddharth / Barlow, Samantha L. / Booth, Laura / Brennan, Benjamin / Bullock, Katie / Catterall, Benjamin WA. / Clark, Jordan J. / Clarke, Emily A. / Cole, Sarah / Cooper, Louise / Cox, Helen / Davis, Christopher / Dincarslan, Oslem / Dunn, Chris / Dyer, Philip / Elliott, Angela / Evans, Anthony / Finch, Lorna / Fisher, Lewis WS. / Foster, Terry / Garcia-Dorival, Isabel / Gunning, Philip / Hartley, Catherine / Jensen, Rebecca L. / Jones, Christopher B. / Jones, Trevor R. / Khandaker, Shadia / King So, Katharine / Kiy, Robyn T. / Koukorava, Chrysa / Lake, Annette / Lant, Suzannah / Latawiec, Diane / Lavelle-Langham, Lara / Lefteri, Daniella / Lett, Lauren / Livoti, Lucia A. / Mancini, Maria / McDonald, Sarah / McEvoy, Laurence / McLauchlan, John / Metelmann, Soeren / Miah, Nahida S. / Middleton, Joanna / Mitchell, Joyce / Murphy, Ellen G. / Penrice-Randal, Rebekah / Pilgrim, Jack / Prince, Tessa / Reynolds, Will / Ridley, P. Matthew / Sales, Debby / Shaw, Victoria E. / Shears, Rebecca K. / Small, Benjamin / Subramaniam, Krishanthi S. / Szemiel, Agnieska / Taggart, Aislynn / Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta / Thomas, Jordan / Trochu, Erwan / van Tonder, Libby / Wilcock, Eve / Zhang, J. Eunice / Flaherty, Lisa / Maziere, Nicole / Cass, Emily / Carracedo, Alejandra Doce / Carlucci, Nicola / Holmes, Anthony / Massey, Hannah / Murphy, Lee / McCafferty, Sarah / Clark, Richard / Fawkes, Angie / Morrice, Kirstie / Maclean, Alan / Wrobel, Nicola / Donnelly, Lorna / Coutts, Audrey / Hafezi, Katarzyna / MacGillivray, Louise / Gilchrist, Tammy / Adeniji, Kayode / Agranoff, Daniel / Agwuh, Ken / Ail, Dhiraj / Aldera, Erin L. / Alegria, Ana / Allen, Sam / Angus, Brian / Ashish, Abdul / Atkinson, Dougal / Bari, Shahedal / Barlow, Gavin / Barnass, Stella / Barrett, Nicholas / Bassford, Christopher / Basude, Sneha / Baxter, David / Beadsworth, Michael / Bernatoniene, Jolanta / Berridge, John / Berry, Colin / Best, Nicola / Bothma, Pieter / Chadwick, David / Brittain-Long, Robin / Bulteel, Naomi / Burden, Tom / Burtenshaw, Andrew / Caruth, Vikki / Chambler, Duncan / Chee, Nigel / Child, Jenny / Chukkambotla, Srikanth / Clark, Tom / Collini, Paul / Cosgrove, Catherine / Cupitt, Jason / Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa / Dark, Paul / Dawson, Chris / Dervisevic, Samir / Donnison, Phil / Douthwaite, Sam / Drummond, Andrew / DuRand, Ingrid / Dushianthan, Ahilanadan / Dyer, Tristan / Evans, Cariad / Eziefula, Chi / Fegan, Chrisopher / Finn, Adam / Fullerton, Duncan / Garg, Sanjeev / Garg, Atul / Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni / Godden, Jo / Goldsmith, Arthur / Graham, Clive / Hardy, Elaine / Hartshorn, Stuart / Harvey, Daniel / Havalda, Peter / Hawcutt, Daniel B. / Hobrok, Maria / Hodgson, Luke / Hormis, Anil / Jacobs, Michael / Jain, Susan / Jennings, Paul / Kaliappan, Agilan / Kasipandian, Vidya / Kegg, Stephen / Kelsey, Michael / Kendall, Jason / Kerrison, Caroline / Kerslake, Ian / Koch, Oliver / Koduri, Gouri / Kōśi, Jōrjj / Laha, Shondipon / Laird, Steven / Larkin, Susan / Leiner, Tamas / Lillie, Patrick / Limb, James / Linnett, Vanessa / Little, Jeff / Lyttle, Mark / MacMahon, Michael / MacNaughton, Emily / Mankregod, Ravish / Masson, Huw / Matovu, Elijah / McCullough, Katherine / McEwen, Ruth / Meda, Manjula / Mills, Gary / Minton, Jane / Mirfenderesky, Mariyam / Mohandas, Kavya / Mok, Quen / Moon, James / Moore, Elinoor / Morgan, Patrick / Morris, Craig / Mortimore, Katherine / Moses, S. / Mpenge, Mbiye / Mulla, Rohinton / Murphy, Michael / Nagel, Megan / Nagarajan, Thapas / Nelson, Mark / Norris, Lillian / O’Shea, Matthew K. / Otahal, Igor / Ostermann, Marlies / Pais, Mark / Panchatsharam, Selva / Papakonstantinou, Danai / Paraiso, Hassan / Patel, Brij / Pattison, Natalie / Pepperell, Justin / Peters, Mark / Phull, Mandeep / Pintus, Stefania / Pooni, Jagtur Singh / Planche, Tim / Post, Frank / Price, David / Prout, Rachel / Rae, Nikolas / Reschreiter, Henrik / Reynolds, Tim / Richardson, Neil / Roberts, Mark / Roberts, Devender / Rose, Alistair / Rousseau, Guy / Ruge, Bobby / Ryan, Brendan / Saluja, Taranprit / Schmid, Matthias L. / Shah, Aarti / Shanmuga, Prad / Sharma, Anil / Shawcross, Anna / Sizer, Jeremy / Shankar-Hari, Manu / Smith, Richard / Snelson, Catherine / Spittle, Nick / Staines, Nikki / Stambach, Tom / Stewart, Richard / Subudhi, Pradeep / Szakmany, Tamas / Tatham, Kate / Thomas, Jo / Thompson, Chris / Thompson, Robert / Tridente, Ascanio / Tupper-Carey, Darell / Twagira, Mary / Vallotton, Nick / Vancheeswaran, Rama / Vincent-Smith, Lisa / Visuvanathan, Shico / Vuylsteke, Alan / Waddy, Sam / Wake, Rachel / Walden, Andrew / Welters, Ingeborg / Whitehouse, Tony / Whittaker, Paul / Whittington, Ashley / Papineni, Padmasayee / Wijesinghe, Meme / Williams, Martin / Wilson, Lawrence / Winchester, Stephen / Wiselka, Martin / Wolverson, Adam / Wootton, Daniel G. / Workman, Andrew / Yates, Bryan / Young, Peter

    Cell. 2022 Feb. 03, v. 185, no. 3 p.467-484.e15

    2022  

    Abstract: On 24ᵗʰ November 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 viral isolate Omicron-B.1.1.529 was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titers of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent ... ...

    Institution OPTIC Consortium
    ISARIC4C Consortium
    Abstract On 24ᵗʰ November 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 viral isolate Omicron-B.1.1.529 was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titers of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent subjects infected with early pandemic Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta are substantially reduced, or the sera failed to neutralize. Titers against Omicron are boosted by third vaccine doses and are high in both vaccinated individuals and those infected by Delta. Mutations in Omicron knock out or substantially reduce neutralization by most of the large panel of potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under commercial development. Omicron S has structural changes from earlier viruses and uses mutations that confer tight binding to ACE2 to unleash evolution driven by immune escape. This leads to a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and rebalances receptor affinity to that of earlier pandemic viruses.
    Keywords Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; evolution ; neutralization ; pandemic ; vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Omicron ; variants ; immune evasion ; receptor interaction ; Spike ; RBD
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0203
    Size p. 467-484.e15.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 187009-9
    ISSN 1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
    ISSN (online) 1097-4172
    ISSN 0092-8674
    DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.046
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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