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Article ; Online: Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Ecuador, with emphasis on the molecular diversity of Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.

Estephany Tapia-Veloz / Mónica Gozalbo / Marisa Guillén / Alejandro Dashti / Begoña Bailo / Pamela C Köster / Mónica Santín / David Carmena / María Trelis

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 5, p e

2023 Volume 0011339

Abstract: Background Intestinal helminths, including Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH), and Gastrointestinal Protist (GP) infections are major contributors to the global burden of disease, particularly in low-income countries such Ecuador. Their epidemiology in ... ...

Abstract	Background Intestinal helminths, including Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH), and Gastrointestinal Protist (GP) infections are major contributors to the global burden of disease, particularly in low-income countries such Ecuador. Their epidemiology in these settings is largely unknown. Methodology This prospective cross-sectional study investigates the carriage of intestinal helminths, including STH, and GP in asymptomatic schoolchildren (3-11 years) in the Chimborazo and Guayas provinces, Ecuador. Single stool samples (n = 372) and epidemiological questionnaires on demographics and potential risk factors were collected from participating schoolchildren. Conventional microscopy examination was used as screening method, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays were used to further investigate the epidemiology of some GP. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the strength of the association of suspected risk factors with the presence of helminths and GP. Principal findings At least one intestinal parasite species was observed by microscopy in 63.2% (235/372) of the participating schoolchildren. Enterobius vermicularis (16.7%, 62/372; 95% CI: 13.0-20.9) and Blastocystis sp. (39.2%, 146/372; 95% CI: 34.2-44.2) were the most prevalent among helminths and GP, respectively. Assemblages A (50.0%), B (37.5%) and A+B (12.5%) were detected within Giardia duodenalis and ST3 (28.6%), ST1 and ST2 (26.2% each), and ST4 (14.3%) within Blastocystis sp. Three genotypes, two known (A: 66.7%; KB-1: 16.7%) and a novel (HhEcEb1, 16.7%) were identified within Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Municipality of origin, household overcrowding, and poor sanitation and personal hygiene habits were risk factors for childhood intestinal parasites colonization. Conclusions/significance Despite massive government drug administration programs, STH and GP infection remain a public health concern in paediatric populations living in poor-resource settings. Molecular analytical methods are required to better understand the ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Co-Infection with Cryptosporidium meleagridis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in an HIV+ Colombian Patient

Carolina Hernández-Castro / Larry L. Martínez-Rosado / Alejandro Dashti / Pamela C. Köster / Begoña Bailo / María C. Orozco / Mónica Santín / David González-Barrio / David Carmena

Parasitologia, Vol 3, Iss 6, Pp 48-

2023 Volume 52

Abstract: A 44-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV+) female with severe immunodeficiency Category 3 (C3) diagnosed in 2010 was admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. She was non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and had a previous ... ...

Abstract	A 44-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV+) female with severe immunodeficiency Category 3 (C3) diagnosed in 2010 was admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. She was non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and had a previous suspicion of respiratory symptoms with a cough that had been persisting for 15 days. Clinical examination revealed severe immune deterioration (viral load: 109,655 copies/mL; CD4+ count: 14 cells/mm3), respiratory symptoms (negative sputum Gram stain and tuberculosis culture), and neurological deterioration (serological assays negative for Cryptococcus spp. and Toxoplasma gondii ). A coproculture was negative for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. Ziehl–Neelsen staining of faecal smears revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. PCR testing and sequencing confirmed a concomitant infection with C. meleagridis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi . The patient was treated with metronidazole (500 mg every 8 h for 5 days) and nitazoxanide (500 mg every 12 h for 14 days). After requesting voluntary discharge and abandoning ART and parasiticidal treatments, she experienced a dramatic deterioration of her state of health and contact with her was lost. Our results have demonstrated that molecular-based testing improves the detection of opportunistic pathogens that are difficult to detect by routine microscopy, allows for transmission dynamics investigations, and assists in choosing the best chemotherapeutical option.
Keywords	AIDS ; diarrhoea ; enteric pathogens ; molecular diagnosis ; opportunistic infections ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High Diversity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria

Muyideen K. Tijani / Pamela C. Köster / Isabel Guadano-Procesi / Imo S. George / Elizabeth Abodunrin / Adedamola Adeola / Alejandro Dashti / Begoña Bailo / David González-Barrio / David Carmena

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol 8, Iss 152, p

2023 Volume 152

Abstract: Giardia duodenalis is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children ( n = 311) ...

Abstract	Giardia duodenalis is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children ( n = 311) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Microscopy was used as a screening method and PCR and Sanger sequencing as confirmatory and genotyping methods, respectively. Haplotype analyses were performed to examine associations between genetic variants and epidemiological variables. At microscopy examination, G. duodenalis was the most prevalent parasite found (29.3%, 91/311; 95% CI: 24.3–34.7), followed by Entamoeba spp. (18.7%, 58/311; 14.5–23.4), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.3%, 4/311; 0.4–3.3), and Taenia sp. (0.3%, 1/311; 0.01–1.8). qPCR confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis in 76.9% (70/91) of the microscopy-positive samples. Of them, 65.9% (60/91) were successfully genotyped. Assemblage B (68.3%, 41/60) was more prevalent than assemblage A (28.3%, 17/60). Mixed A + B infections were identified in two samples (3.3%, 2/60). These facts, together with the absence of animal-adapted assemblages, suggest that human transmission of giardiasis was primarily anthroponotic. Efforts to control G. duodenalis (and other fecal-orally transmitted pathogens) should focus on providing safe drinking water and improving sanitation and personal hygiene practices.
Keywords	intestinal parasites ; giardiasis ; transmission ; diarrhea ; epidemiology ; Africa ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence and public health relevance of enteric parasites in domestic dogs and cats in the region of Madrid (Spain) with an emphasis on Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium sp.

Marta Mateo / Ana Montoya / Begoña Bailo / Pamela C. Köster / Alejandro Dashti / Carolina Hernández‐Castro / José M. Saugar / Pablo Matas / Lihua Xiao / David Carmena

Veterinary Medicine and Science, Vol 9, Iss 6, Pp 2542-

2023 Volume 2558

Abstract: Abstract Background Pet dogs and cats exert an unquestionable beneficial effect in the well‐being of their owners, but can also act as a source of zoonotic infections if improperly cared. Objectives We investigated the occurrence, risk factors, genetic ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Pet dogs and cats exert an unquestionable beneficial effect in the well‐being of their owners, but can also act as a source of zoonotic infections if improperly cared. Objectives We investigated the occurrence, risk factors, genetic variability and zoonotic potential of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats attended in a clinical veterinary setting in Spain. Methods Canine (n = 252) and feline (n = 35) faecal samples were collected during 2017–2019 and analysed by coproparasitological methods. A rapid lateral immunochromatographic test (ICT) was used for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium sp. Samples positive at microscopy examination and/or ICT were reassessed by molecular methods. Results Overall, 48.8% (123/252) of dogs and 48.6% (17/35) of cats were infected by enteric parasites. In dogs, G. duodenalis was the most prevalent species (40.9%), followed by Cystoisospora sp. (7.1%), and Toxocara canis (5.2%). In cats, Joyeuxiella sp. and Toxocara cati were the dominant species (20.0% each), followed by G. duodenalis (14.3%), D. caninum (5.7%) and Cystoisospora felis and Toxascaris leonina (2.9% each). Pups and kittens were more likely to harbour intestinal parasites and develop clinical signs. Sequence analyses of dog isolates revealed the presence of assemblages A (n = 1), C (n = 4), D (n = 4) and C+D (n = 1) within G. duodenalis; C. parvum (n = 1) and C. canis (n = 4) within Cryptosporidium and PtEb IX (n = 1) in Enterocytozoon bieneusi. A novel C. canis subtype family, named XXi, is reported. Conclusions Our results highlight that (i) well‐cared dogs carry zoonotic enteric protozoan parasites of public health relevance, (ii) proper hygiene practices and routine veterinary treatment are essential to prevent zoonotic infections, (iii) vulnerable populations should avoid contact with pups/kittens with diarrhoea and (iv) infected dogs might be major contributors to the environmental contamination with soil‐transmitted helminths (STHs) eggs.
Keywords	genotyping ; helminths ; prevention ; protists ; small animal clinic ; transmission ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular Diversity of Giardia duodenalis , Cryptosporidium spp., and Blastocystis sp. in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Schoolchildren in Zambézia Province (Mozambique)

Aly S. Muadica / Pamela C. Köster / Alejandro Dashti / Begoña Bailo / Marta Hernández-de-Mingo / Sooria Balasegaram / David Carmena

Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 3, p

2021 Volume 255

Abstract: Infections by the protist enteroparasites Giardia duodenalis , Cryptosporidium spp., and, to a much lesser extent, Blastocystis sp. are common causes of childhood diarrhoea in low-income countries. This molecular epidemiological study assesses the ... ...

Abstract	Infections by the protist enteroparasites Giardia duodenalis , Cryptosporidium spp., and, to a much lesser extent, Blastocystis sp. are common causes of childhood diarrhoea in low-income countries. This molecular epidemiological study assesses the frequency and molecular diversity of these pathogens in faecal samples from asymptomatic schoolchildren ( n = 807) and symptomatic children seeking medical attention ( n = 286) in Zambézia province, Mozambique. Detection and molecular characterisation of pathogens was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods coupled with Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent enteric parasite found [41.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 38.8–44.7%], followed by Blastocystis sp. (14.1%, 95% CI: 12.1–16.3%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (1.6%, 95% CI: 0.9–2.5%). Sequence analyses revealed the presence of assemblages A (7.0%, 3/43) and B (88.4%, 38/43) within G. duodenalis -positive children. Four Cryptosporidium species were detected, including C. hominis (30.8%; 4/13), C. parvum (30.8%, 4/13), C. felis (30.8%, 4/13), and C. viatorum (7.6%, 1/13). Four Blastocystis subtypes were also identified including ST1 (22.7%; 35/154), ST2 (22.7%; 35/154), ST3 (45.5%; 70/154), and ST4 (9.1%; 14/154). Most of the genotyped samples were from asymptomatic children. This is the first report of C. viatorum and Blastocystis ST4 in Mozambique. Molecular data indicate that anthropic and zoonotic transmission (the latter at an unknown rate) are important spread pathways of diarrhoea-causing pathogens in Mozambique.
Keywords	Giardia ; Cryptosporidium ; Blastocystis ; enteric parasites ; children ; diarrhoea ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular detection and characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt

Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy / Pamela C. Köster / Alejandro Dashti / Samia Qasem Alghamdi / Amira Saleh / Ahmed Gareh / Barakat M. Alrashdi / Carolina Hernández-Castro / Begoña Bailo / Maha S. Lokman / Eman A. A. Hassanen / David González-Barrio / David Carmena

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: IntroductionFew studies have investigated the occurrence of microeukaryotic gut parasites in dromedary camels in Egypt, and the majority of these investigations are based on microscopic analysis of fecal material.MethodsHerein, we assessed the occurrence, ...

Abstract	IntroductionFew studies have investigated the occurrence of microeukaryotic gut parasites in dromedary camels in Egypt, and the majority of these investigations are based on microscopic analysis of fecal material.MethodsHerein, we assessed the occurrence, molecular diversity, and zoonotic potential of protozoan (Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis) and microsporidian (Enterocytozoon bieneusi) pathogens in individual fecal samples (n = 102) of dromedary camels with (n = 26) and without (n = 76) diarrhea from Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. Other factors possibly associated with an increased risk of infection (geographical origin, sex, age, and physical condition) were also analyzed. The SSU rRNA or ITS genes were targeted by molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) techniques for pathogen detection and species identification.Results and discussionThe most abundant species detected was G. duodenalis (3.9%, 4/102; 95% CI: 1.1–9.7), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (2.9%, 3/102; 95% CI: 0.6–8.4). All samples tested negative for the presence of E. bieneusi. Sequence analysis data confirmed the presence of zoonotic C. parvum (66.7%, 2/3) and cattle-adapted C. bovis (33.3%, 1/3). These Cryptosporidium isolates, as well as the four Giardia-positive isolates, were unable to be amplified at adequate genotyping markers (Cryptosporidium: gp60; Giardia: gdh, bg, and tpi). Camels younger than 2 years old were significantly more likely to harbor Cryptosporidium infections. This connection was not statistically significant, although two of the three cryptosporidiosis cases were detected in camels with diarrhea. The spread of G. duodenalis infections was unaffected by any risk variables studied. This is the first report of C. parvum and C. bovis in Egyptian camels. The finding of zoonotic C. parvum has public health implications since camels may function as sources of oocyst pollution in the environment and potentially infect livestock and humans. Although preliminary, this study provides useful baseline data on the ...
Keywords	epidemiology ; genotyping ; protists ; microsporidia ; Zoonoses ; transmission ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development, Optimisation and Validation of a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis

Isbene Sánchez / Alejandro Dashti / Pamela C. Köster / Begoña Bailo / Nuria González / Janire Allende / Christen Rune Stensvold / David Carmena / David González-Barrio

Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 1277, p

2022 Volume 1277

Abstract: The enteric protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis are—to various extents—contributors to the burden of gastrointestinal illness in high-income countries. Detection of these pathogens by microscopy ... ...

Abstract	The enteric protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis are—to various extents—contributors to the burden of gastrointestinal illness in high-income countries. Detection of these pathogens by microscopy examination is challenging because of the limited sensitivity and need for specific staining procedures. We developed and optimised a new multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and D. fragilis in clinical (stool) samples. The diagnostic performance of the assay was evaluated against a large panel of well-characterised DNA samples positive for Cryptosporidium spp. ( n = 126), G. duodenalis ( n = 132) and D. fragilis ( n = 49). The specificity of the test was assessed against a DNA panel from other intestinal or phylogenetically related parasites ( n = 105) and faecal DNA from individuals without clinical manifestations ( n = 12). The assay exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.90–0.97 and a diagnostic specificity of 1. The limit of detection was estimated for Cryptosporidium (1 oocyst) and G. duodenalis (5 × 10 −4 cysts). The method allowed the detection of four Cryptosporidium species ( C. hominis , C. parvum , C. meleagridis and C. cuniculus ) and five G. duodenalis assemblages (A–E) without cross-reacting with other parasites belonging to the phyla Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa, Euglenozoa, Microsporidia, Nematoda and Platyhelminthes. This newly developed multiplex real-time PCR assay represents a novel alternative for the rapid and accurate detection of Cryptosporidium , G. duodenalis and D. fragilis in clinical settings.
Keywords	diagnosis ; enteric parasites ; diarrhoea ; clinical setting ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Presence and genetic diversity of enteric protists in captive and semi-captive non-human primates in côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Peru

Pamela C. Köster / Juan Lapuente / Andrea Pizarro / Laura Prieto-Pérez / Ramón Pérez-Tanoira / Alejandro Dashti / Begoña Bailo / Aly S. Muadica / David González-Barrio / Rafael Calero-Bernal / Francisco Ponce-Gordo / David Carmena

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 26-

2022 Volume 34

Abstract: Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income ... ...

Abstract	Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income countries. In this molecular-based study, we prospectively collected individual faecal samples from apparently healthy NHP at the Abidjan Zoological Garden (AZG) in Côte d’Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha Zoological Garden (QZG) in Peru between November 2018 and February 2020. We evaluated for the presence of pathogenic (Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli) and commensal (Entamoeba dispar, Troglodytella abrassarti) protist species using PCR methods and Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (25.9%, 30/116), followed by Blastocystis sp. (22.4%, 26/116), and E. dispar (18.1%, 21/116). We detected E. bieneusi (4.2%, 1/24) and T. abrassarti (12.5%, 3/24) only on NHP from AZG. Cryptosporidium spp., E. histolytica, and B. coli were undetected at the three sampling sites investigated here. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of zoonotic sub-assemblages BIII (n = 1) in AZG and BIV (n = 1) in TS within G. duodenalis. We identified Blastocystis subtype ST3 (100%, 6/6) in AZG, ST1 (80.0%, 12/15), ST2 (6.7%, 1/15), and ST3 (13.3%, 2/15) in TS, and ST2 (80.0%, 4/5) and ST3 (20.0%, 1/5) in QZG. The only E. bieneusi isolate detected here was identified as zoonotic genotype CAF4. Our PCR-based data indicate that potentially pathogenic protist species including G. duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., E. bieneusi, and B. coli are present at variable rates in the three NHP populations investigated here. The identification of zoonotic genotypes within these species indicates that human-NHP transmission is possible, although the extent and directionality of these events need to be elucidated in future molecular surveys.
Keywords	Enteric protists ; Captive non-human primates ; Genotyping ; Conservation ; Zoonoses ; Transmission ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Long-Term Preservation and Storage of Faecal Samples in Whatman ® Cards for PCR Detection and Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium hominis

Pamela Carolina Köster / Begoña Bailo / Alejandro Dashti / Carolina Hernández-Castro / Rafael Calero-Bernal / Francisco Ponce-Gordo / David González-Barrio / David Carmena

Animals, Vol 11, Iss 1369, p

2021 Volume 1369

Abstract: Preservation and conservation of biological specimens, including faecal samples, is a challenge in remote areas or poor-resource settings where the cold chain cannot be maintained. This study aims at evaluating the suitability of filter cards for long- ... ...

Abstract	Preservation and conservation of biological specimens, including faecal samples, is a challenge in remote areas or poor-resource settings where the cold chain cannot be maintained. This study aims at evaluating the suitability of filter cards for long-term storage of faecal samples of animal and human origin positive to the diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium hominis . Three commercially available Whatman ® Filter Cards were comparatively assessed: the FTA ® Classic Card, the FTA ® Elute Micro Card, and the 903 Protein Saver Card. Human faecal samples positive to G. duodenalis ( n = 5) and C. hominis ( n = 5) were used to impregnate the selected cards at given storage (1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) periods and temperature (−20 °C, 4 °C, and room temperature) conditions. Parasite DNA was detected by PCR-based methods. Sensitivity assays and quality control procedures to assess suitability for genotyping purposes were conducted. Overall, all three Whatman ® cards were proven useful for the detection and molecular characterisation of G. duodenalis and C. hominis under the evaluated conditions. Whatman ® cards represent a simple, safe, and cost-effective option for the transportation, preservation, and storage of faecal samples without the need of the cold chain.
Keywords	filter card ; faeces ; transportation ; storage ; preservation ; Giardia duodenalis ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
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Article ; Online: Molecular characteristics and zoonotic potential of enteric protists in domestic dogs and cats in Egypt

Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy / Ahmed Gareh / Akram Abu-Okail / Pamela C. Köster / Alejandro Dashti / Jamal Asseri / Asmaa Aboelabbas Gouda / Murad A. Mubaraki / Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed / Yasser M. Mohamed / Ehssan Ahmed Hassan / Mohamed Elgendy / Carolina Hernández-Castro / Begoña Bailo / David González-Barrio / Lihua Xiao / David Carmena

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: IntroductionDomestic dogs and cats can be a source of human infection by a wide diversity of zoonotic pathogens including parasites. Genotyping and subtyping tools are useful in assessing the true public health relevance of canine and feline infections ... ...

Abstract	IntroductionDomestic dogs and cats can be a source of human infection by a wide diversity of zoonotic pathogens including parasites. Genotyping and subtyping tools are useful in assessing the true public health relevance of canine and feline infections by these pathogens. This study investigated the occurrence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of common diarrhea-causing enteric protist parasites in household dogs and cats in Egypt, a country where this information is particularly scarce.MethodsIn this prospective, cross-sectional study a total of 352 individual fecal samples were collected from dogs (n = 218) and cats (n = 134) in three Egyptian governorates (Dakahlia, Gharbeya, and Giza) during July–December 2021. Detection and identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Blastocystis sp. were carried out by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Basic epidemiological variables (geographical origin, sex, age, and breed) were examined for association with occurrence of infection by enteric protists.Results and discussionThe overall prevalence rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were 1.8% (95% CI: 0.5–4.6) and 38.5% (95% CI: 32.0–45.3), respectively, in dogs, and 6.0% (95% CI: 2.6–11.4) and 32.1% (95% CI: 24.3–40.7), respectively, in cats. All canine and feline fecal samples analyzed tested negative for E. bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. Dogs from Giza governorate and cats from Dakahlia governorate were at higher risk of infection by Cryptosporidium spp. (p = 0.0006) and G. duodenalis (p = 0.00001), respectively. Sequence analyses identified host-adapted Cryptosporidium canis (n = 4, one of them belonging to novel subtype XXe2) and G. duodenalis assemblages C (n = 1) and D (n = 3) in dogs. In cats the zoonotic C. parvum (n = 5) was more prevalent than host-adapted C. felis (n = 1). Household dogs had a limited (but not negligible) role as source of human giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, but the unexpected high frequency of zoonotic C. parvum in domestic cats ...
Keywords	enteric parasites ; epidemiology ; zoonoses ; genotyping ; small subunit ribosomal RNA gene ; 60 kDa glycoprotein ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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