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  1. Article ; Online: No evidence of predator odor avoidance in a North American bird community

    Austin Dotta / Batur Yaman / Alex Van Huynh

    Avian Research, Vol 15, Iss , Pp 100155- (2024)

    2024  

    Abstract: Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian life. Prior studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced ... ...

    Abstract Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian life. Prior studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and contexts. Here we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging setting. We use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator (bobcat) urine, non-predator (rabbit) urine, and water controls in two different environmental contexts (field vs. forest). Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites, we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site types. We did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment, with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging rates. Our results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.
    Keywords Foraging ; Odor ; Olfaction ; Predation ; Predator-avoidance ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 590 ; 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Tritrophic interactions with avian predators

    Mercille Nguyen / Catherine McGrath / Caitlin McNamara / Alex Van Huynh

    Journal of Field Ornithology, Vol 93, Iss 1, p

    the effect of host plant species and herbivore-induced plant volatiles on recruiting avian predators

    2022  Volume 4

    Abstract: Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important signaling compounds released by plants upon wounding. These compounds have been shown to mediate tritrophic interactions in recruiting insect predators and parasitoids. Recent work has begun to show ...

    Abstract Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important signaling compounds released by plants upon wounding. These compounds have been shown to mediate tritrophic interactions in recruiting insect predators and parasitoids. Recent work has begun to show that avian species, which were once thought to have a very limited sense of smell, can cue in on these HIPVs to find insect prey. Here, we test the ability for two general HIPVs, methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate, to recruit avian predators. We test the recruitment efficacies of these HIPVs across four different host plant species, black walnut (Juglans nigra), red maple (Acer rubum), cattail (Typha latifolia), and wheat (Triticum aestivum), and use clay caterpillars to quantify predation by insectivorous birds. We found no significant differences in predation between treatment groups across any of our host plants. However, there was a nearly significant effect of methyl salicylate in black-walnut trees. Interestingly, our results did show a significant effect of host plant species on predation levels. The two tree species, particularly black walnut, had higher levels of predation than the herbaceous species. We discuss the implications of these results and suggest a number of ideas and suggestions for future studies investigating the role of HIPVs in attracting insectivorous birds.
    Keywords herbivore ; herbivore-induced plant volatile (hipv) ; insectivorous birds ; methyl jasmonate ; methyl salicylate ; olfaction ; tritrophic interactions ; Zoology ; QL1-991 ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Resilience Alliance
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Conspecific olfactory preferences and interspecific divergence in odor cues in a chickadee hybrid zone

    Alex Van Huynh / Amber M. Rice

    Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9, Iss 17, Pp 9671-

    2019  Volume 9683

    Abstract: Abstract Understanding how mating cues promote reproductive isolation upon secondary contact is important in describing the speciation process in animals. Divergent chemical cues have been shown to act in reproductive isolation across many animal taxa. ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Understanding how mating cues promote reproductive isolation upon secondary contact is important in describing the speciation process in animals. Divergent chemical cues have been shown to act in reproductive isolation across many animal taxa. However, such cues have been overlooked in avian speciation, particularly in passerines, in favor of more traditional signals such as song and plumage. Here, we aim to test the potential for odor to act as a mate choice cue, and therefore contribute to premating reproductive isolation between the black‐capped (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadee (P. carolinensis) in eastern Pennsylvania hybrid zone populations. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we document significant species differences in uropygial gland oil chemistry, especially in the ratio of ester to nonester compounds. We also show significant preferences for conspecific over heterospecific odor cues in wild chickadees using a Y‐maze design. Our results suggest that odor may be an overlooked but important mating cue in these chickadees, potentially promoting premating reproductive isolation. We further discuss several promising avenues for future research in songbird olfactory communication and speciation.
    Keywords black‐capped chickadee ; Carolina chickadee ; hybridization ; olfaction ; premating reproductive isolation ; speciation ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Proanthocyanidins in Two Lowland Tropical Forest Species of Cecropia

    Alex Van Huynh / John M. Bevington

    Molecules, Vol 19, Iss 9, Pp 14484-

    A First Look at Their Chemical Structures

    2014  Volume 14495

    Abstract: The structural chemistry of proanthocyanidin molecules has been investigated in temperate zone plants, but few studies have been done with plants of the Amazonian lowland tropical wet forests where herbivore pressure is more extensive and diverse. Using ... ...

    Abstract The structural chemistry of proanthocyanidin molecules has been investigated in temperate zone plants, but few studies have been done with plants of the Amazonian lowland tropical wet forests where herbivore pressure is more extensive and diverse. Using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we report unique properties of the proanthocyanidin structural chemistry in two neotropical Cecropia species, C. polystachya, a myrmecophyte with mutualistic ants, and C. sciadophylla, a non-myrmecophyte lacking mutualistic ants. Our preliminary data suggests the presence of reportedly uncommon propelargonidin subunits in a majority of proanthocyanidin oligomers. The presence of 3-O-gallate proanthocyanidin monomers was also detected in the mass spectra of both species. Unlike other studies that have examined species growing at higher latitudes, oligomers composed of procyanidin, propelargonidin, and their 3-O-gallates were present in both Cecropia species while the presence of oligomers containing prodelphinidin units were absent or at lower levels. These distinctive features may suggest that proanthocyanidins in some tropical plant species may be an untapped source of proanthocyanidin structural complexity that warrants further investigation. Several differences between spectra of the two Cecropia species could also point to the presence of anti-herbivore defense tradeoffs between chemical defense quality and biotic defense between the two species.
    Keywords proanthocyanidins ; condensed tannins ; Cecropia sciadophylla ; Cecropia polystachya ; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ; anti-herbivore defense tradeoffs ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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