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  1. Article ; Online: Infectious dose of Senecavirus A in market weight and neonatal pigs.

    Alexandra Buckley / Kelly Lager

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 4, p e

    2022  Volume 0267145

    Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that produces a highly transmissible vesicular disease that can devastate meat and dairy production to such an extent that FMDV-free countries commit significant economic resources to maintain their ... ...

    Abstract Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that produces a highly transmissible vesicular disease that can devastate meat and dairy production to such an extent that FMDV-free countries commit significant economic resources to maintain their FMDV-free status. Senecavirus A (SVA), also a picornavirus, causes vesicular disease in swine that is indistinguishable from FMDV. Since 2015, SVA outbreaks have been reported around the world requiring FMDV-free countries to investigate these cases to rule out FMDV. Understanding the pathogenesis of the SVA and its ability to transmit to naïve populations is critical to formulating control and prevention measures, which could reduce FMDV investigations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the infectious dose of SVA in market weight and neonatal pigs. A 2011 SVA isolate was serially hundred-fold diluted to create four challenge inoculums ranging from 106.5 to 100.5 TCID50/ml. Four market weight pigs individually housed were intranasally inoculated with 5 mL of each dose (n = 16). Serial ten-fold dilutions were used to create 6 challenge inoculums ranging from 105.5 to 100.5 TCID50/ml for neonatal pigs. Again, four animals in individual housing were challenged orally with 2 mL of each dose (n = 24). Detection of SVA by PCR in collected samples and/or neutralizing antibody response was utilized to classify an animal as infected. The minimum infectious dose for this study in market weight animals was 1,260 TCID50/ml (103.1 TCID50/ml) and for neonates it was 316 TCID50/ml (102.5 TCID50/ml). Knowledge of the infectious dose of SVA can guide biosecurity and disinfection measures to control the spread of SVA.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Bacterin Vaccination Provides Insufficient Protection Against Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection in Pigs

    Samantha J. Hau / Alexandra Buckley / Susan L. Brockmeier

    Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

    2022  Volume 9

    Abstract: Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe disease in many mammalian species. Historically, SEZ has not been a common cause of disease in pigs in North America; however, in 2019, SEZ caused ... ...

    Abstract Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe disease in many mammalian species. Historically, SEZ has not been a common cause of disease in pigs in North America; however, in 2019, SEZ caused mortality events leading to severe illness and 30–50% mortality in exposed animal groups. Because of the rapid progression of disease, it is important to investigate intervention strategies to prevent disease development. In this study, pigs were divided into four groups: (1) vaccinated with an inactivated SEZ vaccine generated from a highly mucoid 2019 mortality event isolate; (2) vaccinated with an inactivated SEZ vaccine generated from a genetically similar, non-mucoid isolate from a guinea pig; (3) and (4) sham vaccinated. Following boost vaccination, groups 1–3 were challenged with a 2019 mortality event isolate and group 4 were non-challenged controls. Antibody titers were higher for SEZ vaccinated animals than sham vaccinated animals; however, no anamnestic response was observed, and titers were lower than typically seen following the use of inactivated vaccines. Vaccination did not provide protection from disease development or mortality following challenge, which could be associated with the comparatively low antibody titers generated by vaccination. Surviving pigs also remained colonized and transmitted SEZ to naïve contact pigs 3 weeks following challenge, indicating that healthy animals can act as a source of SEZ exposure. Future investigation should evaluate different vaccine formulations, such as increased antigen load or an alternative adjuvant, that could induce a more robust adaptive immune response.
    Keywords Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus ; swine ; bacterin ; vaccine ; Streptococcosis ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: From Deer-to-Deer

    Mathias Martins / Paola M Boggiatto / Alexandra Buckley / Eric D Cassmann / Shollie Falkenberg / Leonardo C Caserta / Maureen H V Fernandes / Carly Kanipe / Kelly Lager / Mitchell V Palmer / Diego G Diel

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

    SARS-CoV-2 is efficiently transmitted and presents broad tissue tropism and replication sites in white-tailed deer.

    2022  Volume 1010197

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans, has a broad host range, and is able to infect domestic and wild animal species. Notably, white-tailed deer (WTD, ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans, has a broad host range, and is able to infect domestic and wild animal species. Notably, white-tailed deer (WTD, Odocoileus virginianus), the most widely distributed cervid species in the Americas, were shown to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 in challenge studies and reported natural infection/exposure rates approaching 30-40% in free-ranging WTD in the U.S. Thus, understanding the infection and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in WTD is critical to prevent future zoonotic transmission to humans, at the human-WTD interface during hunting or venison farming, and for implementation of effective disease control measures. Here, we demonstrated that following intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 B.1 lineage, WTD fawns (~8-month-old) shed infectious virus up to day 5 post-inoculation (pi), with high viral loads shed in nasal and oral secretions. This resulted in efficient deer-to-deer transmission on day 3 pi. Consistent a with lack of infectious SARS-CoV-2 shedding after day 5 pi, no transmission was observed to contact animals added on days 6 and 9 pi. We have also investigated the tropism and sites of SARS-CoV-2 replication in adult WTD (3-4 years of age). Infectious virus was detected up to day 6 pi in nasal secretions, and from various respiratory-, lymphoid-, and central nervous system tissues, indicating broad tissue tropism and multiple sites of virus replication. The study provides important insights on the infection and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in WTD, a wild animal species that is highly susceptible to infection and with the potential to become a reservoir for the virus in the field.
    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 630 ; 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: G970R‐CFTR Mutation (c.2908G>C) Results Predominantly in a Splicing Defect

    Meredith C. Fidler / Alexandra Buckley / James C. Sullivan / Marvin Statia / Sylvia F. Boj / Robert G. J. Vries / Anne Munck / Mark Higgins / Matteo Moretto Zita / Paul Negulescu / Fredrick vanGoor / Kris De Boeck

    Clinical and Translational Science, Vol 14, Iss 2, Pp 656-

    2021  Volume 663

    Abstract: In previous work, participants with a G970R mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (c.2908G>C) had numerically lower sweat chloride responses during ivacaftor treatment than participants with other CFTR gating mutations. ... ...

    Abstract In previous work, participants with a G970R mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (c.2908G>C) had numerically lower sweat chloride responses during ivacaftor treatment than participants with other CFTR gating mutations. The objective of this substudy was to characterize the molecular defect of the G970R mutation in vitro and assess the benefit of ivacaftor in participants with this mutation. This substudy assessed sweat chloride, spirometry findings, and nasal potential difference on and off ivacaftor treatment in three participants with a G970R/F508del genotype. Intestinal organoids derived from rectal biopsy specimens were used to assess ivacaftor response ex vivo and conduct messenger RNA splice and protein analyses. No consistent or meaningful trends were observed between on‐treatment and off‐treatment clinical assessments. Organoids did not respond to ivacaftor in forskolin‐induced swelling assays; no mature CFTR protein was detected in Western blots. Organoid RNA analysis demonstrated that 3 novel splice variants were created by G970R‐CFTR: exon 17 truncation, exons 13–15 and 17 skipping, and intron 17 retention. Functional and molecular analyses indicated that the c.2908G>C mutation caused a cryptic splicing defect. Organoids lacked an ex vivo response with ivacaftor and supported identification of the mechanism underlying the CFTR defect caused by c.2908G>C. Analysis of CFTR mutations indicated that cryptic splicing was a rare cause of mutation misclassification in engineered cell lines. This substudy used organoids as an alternative in vitro model for mutations, such as cryptic splice mutations that cannot be fully assessed using cDNA expressed in recombinant cell systems.
    Keywords Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Dexamethasone treatment did not exacerbate Seneca Valley virus infection in nursery-age pigs

    Alexandra Buckley / Nestor Montiel / Baoqing Guo / Vikas Kulshreshtha / Albert van Geelen / Hai Hoang / Christopher Rademacher / Kyoung-Jin Yoon / Kelly Lager

    BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Background Senecavirus A, commonly known as Seneca Valley virus (SVV), is a picornavirus that has been infrequently associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD). In late 2014 there were multiple PIVD outbreaks in several states in ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Senecavirus A, commonly known as Seneca Valley virus (SVV), is a picornavirus that has been infrequently associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD). In late 2014 there were multiple PIVD outbreaks in several states in Brazil and samples from those cases tested positive for SVV. Beginning in July of 2015, multiple cases of PIVD were reported in the United States in which a genetically similar SVV was also detected. These events suggested SVV could induce vesicular disease, which was recently demonstrated with contemporary US isolates that produced mild disease in pigs. It was hypothesized that stressful conditions may exacerbate the expression of clinical disease and the following experiment was performed. Two groups of 9-week-old pigs were given an intranasal SVV challenge with one group receiving an immunosuppressive dose of dexamethasone prior to challenge. After challenge animals were observed for the development of clinical signs and serum and swabs were collected to study viral shedding and antibody production. In addition, pigs were euthanized 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 days post inoculation (dpi) to demonstrate tissue distribution of virus during acute infection. Results Vesicular disease was experimentally induced in both groups with the duration and magnitude of clinical signs similar between groups. During acute infection [0–14 days post infection (dpi)], SVV was detected by PCR in serum, nasal swabs, rectal swabs, various tissues, and in swabs from ruptured vesicles. From 15 to 30 dpi, virus was less consistently detected in nasal and rectal swabs, and absent from most serum samples. Virus neutralizing antibody was detected by 5 dpi and lasted until the end of the study. Conclusion Treatment with an immunosuppressive dose of dexamethasone did not drastically alter the clinical disease course of SVV in experimentally infected nursery aged swine. A greater understanding of SVV pathogenesis and factors that could exacerbate disease can help the swine industry with control and ...
    Keywords Dexamethasone ; Seneca Valley virus (SVV) ; Vesicular disease ; Swine ; Nursery-age pigs ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Passive samplers and community science in regional air quality measurement, education and communication

    DeForest Hauser, Cindy / Alexandra Buckley / Juliana Porter

    Environmental pollution. 2015 Aug., v. 203

    2015  

    Abstract: Charlotte, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, was ranked in the top ten cities with the worst air quality for ozone in the United States by the American Lung Association from 2009 to 2011. Nearby counties that may experience similar air quality do ... ...

    Abstract Charlotte, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, was ranked in the top ten cities with the worst air quality for ozone in the United States by the American Lung Association from 2009 to 2011. Nearby counties that may experience similar air quality do not have state or county monitors. This study utilized NOx and ozone Ogawa passive samplers and community scientists to monitor air quality in five counties surrounding Charlotte and increase public engagement in air quality issues. Community scientists deployed samplers weekly at a residential site within each county. Samples were analyzed using spectrophotometry and ion chromatography. Elevated NOx concentrations were observed in four of the five counties relative to those with existing monitors. Ozone concentrations showed little county to county variation, except Iredell and Cabarrus which had higher concentrations than Rowan. Community involvement in this work led to an increase in local dissemination of the results, thus increasing air quality awareness.
    Keywords air quality ; cities ; community service ; education ; ion exchange chromatography ; nitrogen oxides ; ozone ; samplers ; spectroscopy ; North Carolina
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-08
    Size p. 243-249.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.028
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Vesicular Disease in 9-Week-Old Pigs Experimentally Infected with Senecavirus A

    Nestor Montiel / Alexandra Buckley / Baoqing Guo / Vikas Kulshreshtha / Albert VanGeelen / Hai Hoang / Christopher Rademacher / Kyoung-Jin Yoon / Kelly Lager

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 22, Iss 7, Pp 1246-

    2016  Volume 1248

    Abstract: Senecavirus A has been infrequently associated with vesicular disease in swine since 1988. However, clinical disease has not been reproduced after experimental infection with this virus. We report vesicular disease in 9-week-old pigs after Sencavirus A ... ...

    Abstract Senecavirus A has been infrequently associated with vesicular disease in swine since 1988. However, clinical disease has not been reproduced after experimental infection with this virus. We report vesicular disease in 9-week-old pigs after Sencavirus A infection by the intranasal route under experimental conditions.
    Keywords Senecavirus A ; Seneca Valley virus ; viruses ; nasal infection ; vesicular disease ; experimental infections ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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