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  1. AU="Alexandre Alanio"
  2. AU="Caron, Jeffrey G"
  3. AU="Lubisi, Baratang A"
  4. AU="Edelman, Robert R."
  5. AU="van der Werf, Steffie"
  6. AU="Sam, Andrew"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Challenges in microbiological diagnosis of invasive Aspergillus infections [version 1; referees

    Alexandre Alanio / Stéphane Bretagne

    F1000Research, Vol

    2 approved]

    2017  Band 6

    Abstract: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) has been increasingly reported in populations other than the historical hematology patients and there are new questions about the performance of microbiological tools. Microscopy and culture have been completed by biomarkers, ... ...

    Abstract Invasive aspergillosis (IA) has been increasingly reported in populations other than the historical hematology patients and there are new questions about the performance of microbiological tools. Microscopy and culture have been completed by biomarkers, either antigens or DNA, and in blood or respiratory specimens or both. First studied in hematology, the antigen galactomannan performance in serum is low in other patient populations where the pathophysiology of the infection can be different and the prevalence of IA is much lower. DNA detection with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood or serum (or both) has reached a certain level of acceptance thanks to consensus methods based on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). When used on respiratory specimens, galactomannan and qPCR depend on standardization of the sampling and the diverse mycological procedures. Thus, culture remains the main diagnostic criterion in critically ill patients. The current trend toward more effective anti-mold prophylaxis in hematology hampers the yield of a screening strategy, as is usually performed in hematology. Therefore, circulating biomarkers as confirmatory tests should be considered and their performance should be reappraised in each new setting. The use of azole prophylaxis also raises the issue of selecting azole-resistance Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. Ideally, the biomarkers will be more efficient when individual genetic risks of IA are defined. Culture, though not standardized, remains a key element for the diagnosis of IA and has the advantage to easily detect molds other than A. fumigatus. It is still unclear whether next-generation sequencing will replace culture in the future.
    Schlagwörter Antimicrobials & Drug Resistance ; Environmental Microbiology ; Fungal Infections ; Immunological Biomarkers ; Medical Genetics ; Medical Microbiology ; Microbial Evolution & Genomics ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 630
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag F1000 Research Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in asymptomatic patients

    Alexandre Alanio / Stéphane Bretagne

    F1000Research, Vol

    what does its natural history tell us? [version 1; referees: 3 approved]

    2017  Band 6

    Abstract: Pneumocystis jirovecii is an unusual ascomycetous fungus that can be detected in the lungs of healthy individuals. Transmission from human to human is one of its main characteristics in comparison with other fungi responsible for invasive infections. P. ... ...

    Abstract Pneumocystis jirovecii is an unusual ascomycetous fungus that can be detected in the lungs of healthy individuals. Transmission from human to human is one of its main characteristics in comparison with other fungi responsible for invasive infections. P. jirovecii is transmitted through the air between healthy individuals, who are considered to be the natural reservoir, at least transiently. In immunocompromised patients, P. jirovecii multiplies, leading to subacute infections and acute life-threatening pneumonia, called Pneumocystis pneumonia [PCP]. PCP is caused by genotypically distinct mixtures of organisms in more than 90% of cases, reinforcing the hypothesis that there is constant inhalation of P. jirovecii from different contacts over time, although reactivation of latent organisms from previous exposures may be possible. Detection of P. jirovecii DNA without any symptoms or related radiological signs has been called “colonization”. This situation could be considered as the result of recent exposure to P. jirovecii that could evolve towards PCP, raising the issue of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for at-risk quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-positive immunocompromised patients. The more accurate way to diagnose PCP is the use of real-time quantitative PCR, which prevents amplicon contamination and allows determination of the fungal load that is mandatory to interpret the qPCR results and manage the patient appropriately. The detection of P. jirovecii in respiratory samples of immunocompromised patients should be considered for potential risk of developing PCP. Many challenges still need to be addressed, including a better description of transmission, characterization of organisms present at low level, and prevention of environmental exposure during immunodepression.
    Schlagwörter Fungal Infections ; HIV Infection & AIDS: Clinical ; Immune & Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (incl. Arthritis) ; Medical Microbiology ; Microbial Evolution & Genomics ; Microbial Physiology & Metabolism ; Respiratory Infections ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag F1000 Research Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Recent advances in the understanding and management of mucormycosis [version 1; referees

    Benoit Pilmis / Alexandre Alanio / Olivier Lortholary / Fanny Lanternier

    F1000Research, Vol

    2 approved]

    2018  Band 7

    Abstract: Mucormycoses were difficult-to-manage infections owing to limited diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. We review here advances in pathology understanding, diagnostic tools including computed tomography, and serum polymerase chain reaction and ... ...

    Abstract Mucormycoses were difficult-to-manage infections owing to limited diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. We review here advances in pathology understanding, diagnostic tools including computed tomography, and serum polymerase chain reaction and therapeutic options.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag F1000 Research Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Kicking sleepers out of bed

    Raffael Júnio Araújo de Castro / Clara Luna Marina / Aude Sturny-Leclère / Christian Hoffmann / Pedro Henrique Bürgel / Sarah Sze Wah Wong / Vishukumar Aimanianda / Hugo Varet / Ruchi Agrawal / Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca / Alexandre Alanio

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 19, Iss 11, p e

    Macrophages promote reactivation of dormant Cryptococcus neoformans by extracellular vesicle release and non-lytic exocytosis.

    2023  Band 1011841

    Abstract: Macrophages play a key role in disseminated cryptococcosis, a deadly fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. This opportunistic infection can arise following the reactivation of a poorly characterized latent infection attributed to dormant C. ... ...

    Abstract Macrophages play a key role in disseminated cryptococcosis, a deadly fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. This opportunistic infection can arise following the reactivation of a poorly characterized latent infection attributed to dormant C. neoformans. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying reactivation of dormant C. neoformans using an in vitro co-culture model of viable but non-culturable (VBNC; equivalent of dormant) yeast cells with bone marrow-derived murine macrophages (BMDMs). Comparative transcriptome analysis of BMDMs incubated with log, stationary phase or VBNC cells of C. neoformans showed that VBNC cells elicited a reduced transcriptional modification of the macrophage but retaining the ability to regulate genes important for immune response, such as NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes. We further confirmed the maintenance of the low immunostimulatory capacity of VBNC cells using multiplex cytokine profiling, and analysis of cell wall composition and dectin-1 ligands exposure. In addition, we evaluated the effects of classic (M1) or alternative (M2) macrophage polarization on VBNC cells. We observed that intracellular residence sustained dormancy, regardless of the polarization state of macrophages and despite indirect detection of pantothenic acid (or its derivatives), a known reactivator for VBNC cells, in the C. neoformans-containing phagolysosome. Notably, M0 and M2, but not M1 macrophages, induced extracellular reactivation of VBNC cells by the secretion of extracellular vesicles and non-lytic exocytosis. Our results indicate that VBNC cells retain the low immunostimulatory profile required for persistence of C. neoformans in the host. We also describe a pro-pathogen role of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in C. neoformans infection and reinforce the impact of non-lytic exocytosis and the macrophage profile on the pathophysiology of cryptococcosis.
    Schlagwörter Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cryptococcosis

    Timothée Boyer Chammard / Elvis Temfack / Olivier Lortholary / Alexandre Alanio

    Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz., Vol 113, Iss

    impact on outcome

    2018  Band 7

    Abstract: Cryptococcosis diagnosis has been recently improved by the use of rapid cryptococcal antigen testing with lateral flow assays, which have proved sensitive and specific. Using “test and treat” screening strategies for cryptococcal disease with these tests ...

    Abstract Cryptococcosis diagnosis has been recently improved by the use of rapid cryptococcal antigen testing with lateral flow assays, which have proved sensitive and specific. Using “test and treat” screening strategies for cryptococcal disease with these tests has been showed effective in reducing cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in HIV-infected patients. Recommended induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapeutic strategy for CM is widely unavailable and/or expensive in low and middle-income settings. New therapeutic strategies, mostly using reduced duration, have recently shown acceptable outcome or are currently tested. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for cryptococcal disease in limited resources countries are undergoing a paradigmatic shift.
    Schlagwörter Cryptococcus neoformans ; cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis ; cryptococcal antigen ; HIV infection ; advanced AIDS disease ; screening ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Quantification of Pneumocystis jirovecii

    Sarah Dellière / Maud Gits-Muselli / P. Lewis White / Carlo Mengoli / Stéphane Bretagne / Alexandre Alanio

    Journal of Fungi, Vol 6, Iss 1, p

    Cross-Platform Comparison of One qPCR Assay with Leading Platforms and Six Master Mixes

    2019  Band 9

    Abstract: Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia relies on nucleic acid quantification in respiratory samples. Lack of standardization among molecular assays results in significant differences among assays/centers. To further promote standardization, we ... ...

    Abstract Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia relies on nucleic acid quantification in respiratory samples. Lack of standardization among molecular assays results in significant differences among assays/centers. To further promote standardization, we compared four thermocyclers and six master mixes for the detection of P. jirovecii . Whole nucleic acid (WNA) was extracted from broncho-alveolar lavages. Positive and negative sample extracts were pooled to get enough homogeneous materials. Three master mixes were tested to detect DNA by qPCR (D1, D2, and D3), and three to detect WNA by reverse transcriptase qPCR (W1, W2, and W3) manufactured by Roche, Eurogentec, Applied Biosystem, Invitrogen and Thermofischer Scientific. Experiments were performed on four thermocyclers (Roche LightCycler 480, Qiagen Rotor-Gene Q, Applied Biosystem ABI7500, and QuantStudio). Comparison of quantitative cycle ( Cq ) values between the methods targeting WNA versus DNA showed lower Cq values for WNA, independently of thermocycler and master mix. For high and low fungal loads, ∆ Cq values between DNA and WNA amplification were 6.97 (±2.95) and 5.81 (±3.30), respectively ( p < 0.0001). Regarding DNA detection, lower Cq s were obtained with D1 compared to D2 and D3, with median ∆ Cq values of 2.6 ( p = 0.015) and 2.9 ( p = 0.039) respectively. Regarding WNA detection, no mix was superior to the others. PCR efficiency was not significantly different according to the qPCR platform ( p = 0.14). This study confirmed the superiority of WNA over DNA detection. A calibration method (e.g., an international standard) for accurate comparative assessment of fungal load seems necessary.
    Schlagwörter pneumocystis ; qpcr ; diagnosis ; standardization ; efficiency ; threshold ; dna ; whole nucleic acid ; quantification cycle ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Emergence of Difficult-to-Treat Tinea Corporis Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex Isolates, Paris, France

    Sarah Dellière / Brune Joannard / Mazouz Benderdouche / Anselme Mingui / Maud Gits-Muselli / Samia Hamane / Alexandre Alanio / Antoine Petit / Germaine Gabison / Martine Bagot / Stéphane Bretagne

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 224-

    2022  Band 228

    Abstract: We describe 7 cases of extensive tinea corporis since 2018 in a hospital in Paris, France, after failure to cure with terbinafine. Molecular analysis indicated Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcribed spacer type VIII (T. indotineae). This strain, ...

    Abstract We describe 7 cases of extensive tinea corporis since 2018 in a hospital in Paris, France, after failure to cure with terbinafine. Molecular analysis indicated Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcribed spacer type VIII (T. indotineae). This strain, which has mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene, is spreading on the Indian subcontinent.
    Schlagwörter antimicrobial resistance ; Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex ; Trichophyton indotineae ; squalene epoxidase ; terbinafine ; skin infections ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Invasive Rhinosinusitis Caused by Alternaria infectoria in a Patient with Autosomal Recessive CARD9 Deficiency and a Review of the Literature

    Olivier Paccoud / Nicolas Vignier / Mohammed Boui / Mélanie Migaud / Pierre Vironneau / Romain Kania / Frédéric Méchaï / Sophie Brun / Alexandre Alanio / Arnault Tauziède-Espariat / Homa Adle-Biassette / Elise Ouedraogo / Jacinta Bustamante / Olivier Bouchaud / Jean-Laurent Casanova / Anne Puel / Fanny Lanternier

    Journal of Fungi, Vol 8, Iss 446, p

    2022  Band 446

    Abstract: Phaeohyphomycoses comprise a heterogeneous group of fungal infections caused by dematiaceous fungi and have primarily been reported in patients with underlying acquired immunodeficiencies, such as hematological malignancies or solid-organ transplants. ... ...

    Abstract Phaeohyphomycoses comprise a heterogeneous group of fungal infections caused by dematiaceous fungi and have primarily been reported in patients with underlying acquired immunodeficiencies, such as hematological malignancies or solid-organ transplants. Over the past decade, a growing number of patients with phaeohyphomycosis but otherwise healthy were reported with autosomal recessive (AR) CARD9 deficiency. We report a 28-year-old woman who presented with invasive rhinosinusitis caused by Alternaria infectoria . Following a candidate gene sequencing approach, we identified a biallelic loss-of-function mutation of CARD9, thereby further broadening the spectrum of invasive fungal diseases found in patients with inherited CARD9 deficiency. In addition, we reviewed 17 other cases of phaeohyphomycosis associated with AR CARD9 deficiency. Physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion for inborn errors of immunity, namely CARD9 deficiency, when caring for previously healthy patients with phaeohyphomycosis, regardless of age at first presentation.
    Schlagwörter Alternaria infectoria ; CARD9 deficiency ; phaeohyphomycosis ; invasive fungal sinusitis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Recent advances in managing HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis [version 1; peer review

    Timothée Boyer-Chammard / Elvis Temfack / Alexandre Alanio / Joseph N. Jarvis / Thomas S. Harrison / Olivier Lortholary

    F1000Research, Vol

    2 approved]

    2019  Band 8

    Abstract: The recent development of highly sensitive and specific point-of-care tests has made it possible to diagnose HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis within minutes. However, diagnostic advances have not been matched by new antifungal drugs and treatment ... ...

    Abstract The recent development of highly sensitive and specific point-of-care tests has made it possible to diagnose HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis within minutes. However, diagnostic advances have not been matched by new antifungal drugs and treatment still relies on old off-patent drugs: amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole. Cryptococcal meningitis treatment is divided in three phases: induction, consolidation and maintenance. The induction phase, aimed at drastically reducing cerebrospinal fluid fungal burden, is key for patient survival. The major challenge in cryptococcal meningitis management has been the optimisation of induction phase treatment using the limited number of available medications, and major progress has recently been made. In this review, we summarise data from key trials which form the basis of current treatment recommendations for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag F1000 Research Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Variable Correlation between Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Fungal Load and Serum-(1,3)-β- d -Glucan in Patients with Pneumocystosis—A Multicenter ECMM Excellence Center Study

    Toine Mercier / Nesrine Aissaoui / Maud Gits-Muselli / Samia Hamane / Juergen Prattes / Harald H. Kessler / Ivana Mareković / Sanja Pleško / Jörg Steinmann / Ulrike Scharmann / Johan Maertens / Katrien Lagrou / Blandine Denis / Stéphane Bretagne / Alexandre Alanio

    Journal of Fungi, Vol 6, Iss 327, p

    2020  Band 327

    Abstract: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a difficult invasive infection to diagnose. Apart from microscopy of respiratory specimens, two diagnostic tests are increasingly used including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of respiratory specimens, mainly in ... ...

    Abstract Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a difficult invasive infection to diagnose. Apart from microscopy of respiratory specimens, two diagnostic tests are increasingly used including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of respiratory specimens, mainly in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL), and serum β-1,3- d -glucan (BDG). It is still unclear how these two biomarkers can be used and interpreted in various patient populations. Here we analyzed retrospectively and multicentrically the correlation between BAL qPCR and serum BDG in various patient population, including mainly non-HIV patients. It appeared that a good correlation can be obtained in HIV patients and solid organ transplant recipients but no correlation can be observed in patients with hematologic malignancies, solid cancer, and systemic diseases. This observation reinforces recent data suggesting that BDG is not the best marker of PCP in non-HIV patients, with potential false positives due to other IFI or bacterial infections and false-negatives due to low fungal load and low BDG release.
    Schlagwörter Pneumocystis jirovecii ; qPCR ; broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ; fungal load ; biomarker ; (1,3)-β- d -glucan ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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