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Article ; Online: Factor in Fear

Alexandru Strugariu / Ryan Andrew Martin

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 1264, p

Interference Competition in Polymorphic Spadefoot Toad Tadpoles and Its Potential Role in Disruptive Selection

2023 Volume 1264

Abstract: Disruptive selection arises when extreme phenotypes have a fitness advantage compared to more-intermediate phenotypes. Theory and evidence suggest that intraspecific resource competition is a key driver of disruptive selection. However, while competition ...

Abstract	Disruptive selection arises when extreme phenotypes have a fitness advantage compared to more-intermediate phenotypes. Theory and evidence suggest that intraspecific resource competition is a key driver of disruptive selection. However, while competition can be indirect (exploitative) or direct (interference), the role of interference competition in disruptive selection has not been tested, and most models of disruptive selection assume exploitative competition. We experimentally investigated whether the type of competition affects the outcome of competitive interactions using a system where disruptive selection is common: Mexican spadefoot toads ( Spea multiplicata ). Spea tadpoles develop into alternative resource-use phenotypes: carnivores, which consume fairy shrimp and other tadpoles, and omnivores, which feed on algae and detritus. Tadpoles intermediate in phenotype have low fitness when competition is intense, as they are outcompeted by the specialized tadpoles. Our experiments revealed that the presence of carnivores significantly decreased foraging behavior in intermediate tadpoles, and that intermediate tadpoles had significantly lower growth rates in interference competition treatments with carnivores but not with omnivores. Interference competition may therefore be important in driving disruptive selection. As carnivore tadpoles are also cannibalistic, the ‘fear’ effect may have a greater impact on intermediate tadpoles than exploitative competition alone, similarly to non-consumptive effects in predator–prey or intraguild relationships.
Keywords	anuran ; competition ; disruptive selection ; diversification ; fear ; phenotypic plasticity ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ecological corridors for the amphibians and reptiles in the Natura 2000 sites of Romania

Tiberiu C. Sahlean / Monica Papeș / Alexandru Strugariu / Iulian Gherghel

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation are key challenges for biodiversity conservation. As Earth’s landscape is increasingly dominated by anthropogenic land use, it is clear that broad-scale systems of nature reserves connected by corridors ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation are key challenges for biodiversity conservation. As Earth’s landscape is increasingly dominated by anthropogenic land use, it is clear that broad-scale systems of nature reserves connected by corridors are needed to enable the dispersal of flora and fauna. The European Union currently supports a continent-wide network of protected areas, the Natura 2000 program, but this program lacks the necessary connectivity component. To examine whether a comprehensive network could be built in order to protect amphibians and reptiles, two taxonomic groups sensitive to environmental changes due to their physiological constrains and low dispersal capacity, we used species’ distribution maps, the sites of community interest (SCIs) in Romania, and landscape resistance rasters. Except Vipera ursinii rakosiensis, all amphibians and reptiles had corridors mapped that, when assembled, provided linkages for up to 27 species. Natura 2000 species were not good candidates for umbrella species as these linkages covered only 17% of the corridors for all species. Important Areas for Connectivity were identified in the Carpathian Mountains and along the Danube River, further confirming these regions as hot spots for biodiversity in Europe, where successful linkages are most likely. In the end, while such corridors may not be created just for amphibians and reptiles, they can easily be incorporated into more complex linkages with corridors for more charismatic species, therefore enhancing the corridors’ value in terms of quality and structure.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An Updated Distribution of the Herpetofauna from the Natura 2000 Site Rarău-Giumalău (Rosci0212), Romania

Ştefan Remus Zamfirescu / Alexandru Strugariu / Paul Cristian Dincă / Iulian Gherghel

Memoirs of the Scientific Sections of the Romanian Academy, Vol XXXIX, Pp 15-

2016 Volume 35

Abstract: Amphibians and reptiles are among the most threatened animal species in Europe. Because of their legal conservation status, amphibians and reptiles may act as umbrella and flagship species in certain areas. The Rarău-Giumalău Natura 2000 site (ROSCI 0212) ...

Abstract	Amphibians and reptiles are among the most threatened animal species in Europe. Because of their legal conservation status, amphibians and reptiles may act as umbrella and flagship species in certain areas. The Rarău-Giumalău Natura 2000 site (ROSCI 0212) is such an area that, despite its conservation status, is still exposed to human activities alterations. In addition, the standard data form of the site mentions only three amphibian species, which is notably below the herpetofauna diversity of the region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to update the existing knowledge on the local herpetofauna. To this end, herpetological field surveys were conducted in the area between May– September, 2015, ten species being identified, as follows: six amphibians (Salamandra salamandra, Lissotriton montandoni, Ichthyosaura alpestris, Bombina variegata, Bufo bufo and Rana temporaria) and four reptiles (Anguis colchica, Lacerta agilis, Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus). Species distribution is influenced by human activities, among which grazing seems to be the most important. The diversity of herpetofauna is not evenly distributed between the perimeters of the site. The Giumalău perimeter has only six species probably because of a lower habitat diversity compared to the Rarău perimeter. Nine of the identified species are protected by European and national regulations, whereas the standard data form of the site lists only two of them, and one not confirmed by our study. Therefore, the standard data form, a tool for protective management, does not reflect the real situation of the herpetofauna of the site and for this reason, it should be updated.
Keywords	amphibians ; reptiles ; distribution ; conservation ; Rarău-Giumalău site ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Subject code	590 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Publishing House of the Romanian Academy
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A melanistic adder (Vipera berus) neonate born from a cryptic female

Alexandru STRUGARIU / Ştefan R. ZAMFIRESCU

North-Western Journal of Zoology, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 218-

Are black vipers born heavier?

2009 Volume 223

Abstract: The ecological advantages and disadvantages of melanism in reptiles, especially in the adder (Vipera berus (L. 1758)), have been intensively studied over the years. General consideration would agree that, in most cases, adders which go on to become ... ...

Abstract	The ecological advantages and disadvantages of melanism in reptiles, especially in the adder (Vipera berus (L. 1758)), have been intensively studied over the years. General consideration would agree that, in most cases, adders which go on to become melanistic, are born cryptic, with a typical zigzag pattern, and darken with age, becoming black in the second or third year of life. In the present note we report the second known case in which a cryptic female adder gave birth to a melanistic neonate. Based on the fact that the observed body mass (7 g) of the melanistic neonate lies beyond the upper 95% confidence zone of the expected body mass (5.74g ± 0.977) calculated using the linear regression model from the cryptic neonates for a snout-vent length of 175 mm, and on the supporting literature, we propose a new hypothesis (which should be tested in future studies) according to which, melanistic adders may benefit of a significant higher fitness since birth.
Keywords	reptiles ; colour polymorphism ; reproduction ; new hypothesis ; body size ; fitness advantage ; Zoology ; QL1-991 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Zoology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Univeristy of Oradea Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A new record for the Blotched Snake Elaphe sauromates (Reptilia

Alexandru STRUGARIU / Paul Lucian ŢIBU

North-Western Journal of Zoology, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 62-

Colubridae) in Romania

2007 Volume 65

Abstract: Elaphe sauromates is a critically endangered species in Romania, being cited in the past in very few localities from south-eastern Romania (Dobrudja and Moldavia). On the 13th of May, 2007, a young adult female Elaphe sauromates was found in the ... ...

Abstract	Elaphe sauromates is a critically endangered species in Romania, being cited in the past in very few localities from south-eastern Romania (Dobrudja and Moldavia). On the 13th of May, 2007, a young adult female Elaphe sauromates was found in the geographical unit of “Subcarpatii de curbură”, near the “Vulcanii Noroiosi Pâclele Mari” Nature Reserve in the administrative territory of Pâclele, in Buzău county (Romania). This is the first sighting of this species outside of Dobrudja for the past 70 years and the first ever record for this species in this region of Romania.
Keywords	Elaphe sauromates ; blotched snake ; Romania ; Buzău county ; Zoology ; QL1-991 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Zoology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Univeristy of Oradea Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: New record on the occurance of Dolichophis caspius (Reptilia

Iulian GHERGHEL / Alexandru STRUGARIU

North-Western Journal of Zoology, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 57-

Colubridae) in Romanian Moldavia

2007 Volume 61

Abstract: Dolichophis caspius is a common snake species in Dobrudja (Tulcea and Constanta counties) and in some areas from south-western Romania (Banat region). However, this species has only been cited in 2 localities in the eastern part of Romania (Moldavia) and ...

Abstract	Dolichophis caspius is a common snake species in Dobrudja (Tulcea and Constanta counties) and in some areas from south-western Romania (Banat region). However, this species has only been cited in 2 localities in the eastern part of Romania (Moldavia) and has not been recorded since 1937. In the Romanian red data book of vertebrates, the Moldavian populations of Dolichophis caspius are listed as extinct. The present paper provides evidence that the large whip snake still occurs in the Romanian Moldavia by way of 3 live specimens observed in Galaţi county in may 2007.
Keywords	Dolichophis caspius ; large whip snake ; Romania ; Moldavia ; Galaţi county ; Zoology ; QL1-991 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Zoology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Univeristy of Oradea Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Updated distribution of hybrids between Lissotriton vulgaris and Lissotriton montandoni (Amphibia

Iulian Gherghel / Alexandru Strugariu / Ioana-Madalina Ambrosă / Ștefan Zamfirescu

Acta Herpetologica, Vol 7, Iss

Caudata: Salamandridae) in Romania

2012 Volume 1

Abstract: Lissotriton montandoni is an endemic newt species found only in the Carpathian Mountains and lives in sympatry with Lissotriton vulgaris in many aquatic habitats from the entire range of the former species in the Carpathian and Sudetes Mountains or in ... ...

Abstract	Lissotriton montandoni is an endemic newt species found only in the Carpathian Mountains and lives in sympatry with Lissotriton vulgaris in many aquatic habitats from the entire range of the former species in the Carpathian and Sudetes Mountains or in the hilly areas from the Subcarpathians. These two species usually generate hybrids where their parapatric ranges meet, especially along rivers that flow from the inside of the Carpathians, where valleys are used as ecological corridors by L. vulgaris. We surveyed several regions of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains between 2008 and 2011 and found 11 new populations of newts where hybrids between the two mentioned species were present. All new records of L. montandoni x L. vulgaris were described in the eastern part of the Eastern Carpathians, in Neamț County, a region known also from previous literature to be a ‘hot spot’ for hybrids between these two species. The present paper also presents an updated review of the distribution of Lissotriton hybrids in Romania.
Keywords	Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Firenze University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Using maximum entropy to predict the distribution of a critically endangered reptile species ( Eryx jaculus , Reptilia

Iulian Gherghel / Alexandru Strugariu / Ştefan Zamfirescu

Advances in Environmental Sciences, Vol 1, Iss 2, Pp 65-

Boidae) at its Northern range limit

2009 Volume 71

Abstract: The sand boa ( Eryx jaculus ) is one of the least known and rarest reptile species in Europe. InRomania, the sand boa is the rarest reptile species with only four locality records being known; atCernavodă, Cărpiniş-Giuvegea, Cochirleni and Mahmudia ( ... ...

Abstract	The sand boa ( Eryx jaculus ) is one of the least known and rarest reptile species in Europe. InRomania, the sand boa is the rarest reptile species with only four locality records being known; atCernavodă, Cărpiniş-Giuvegea, Cochirleni and Mahmudia (Kirițescu 1903; Fuhn & Vancea 1961; Zinke &Hielscher 1990). To estimate the predictors and the probability distribution of the target species ( Eryxjaculus ) we used MaxEnt 3.3. The potential distribution model of E. jaculus in Romania have a very goodscore performance (AUC = 0.959). The most important variables for the model are BIO13 (92.5% ofcontribution), BIO9 (3.2% of contribution), BIO17 (3% of contribution) and BIO6 (1.3% of contribution).A previously mentioned hypothesis regarding the extinction of the sand boa from Romania hold theconstruction of the Danube River – Black Sea canal as the main responsable factor, this constructionhaving destroyed most of the natural habitats in which the species has been recorded (Krecsak & Iftime2006). We also support this hypothesis as the generated model indicates a suitable niche for the speciesalong the current canal area.
Keywords	sand boa ; potential distribution ; MaxEnt ; ecological modelling ; Romania ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Bioflux Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: First record of the adder (Vipera berus berus) in Argeş County (Southern Romania)

Iulian GHERGHEL / Ştefan R. ZAMFIRESCU / Alexandru STRUGARIU

Biharean Biologist, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 163-

2009 Volume 166

Abstract: The adder (Vipera berus berus) is a very widespread but threatened taxon in Romania. The southern slopes of the Southern Carpathians represent the subspecies’ southern range limit and the distribution of the adder in this area is scarcely known due to a ... ...

Abstract	The adder (Vipera berus berus) is a very widespread but threatened taxon in Romania. The southern slopes of the Southern Carpathians represent the subspecies’ southern range limit and the distribution of the adder in this area is scarcely known due to a lack of recent surveys. Here we present a new record for the adder in the SouthernCarpathians, which represents the first known observation of the adder in Argeş County. The record is based on two live specimens observed in July 2008, near the village of Sătic, on the east bank of the Dâmboviţa River, within the boundaries of the “Piatra Craiului” National Park. Ecological and conservation aspects for V. b. berus at its southern range limit are also discussed.
Keywords	reptiles ; common viper ; new record ; Carpathian Mountains ; southern range limit ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Subject code	501
Language	Romanian
Publishing date	2009-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Oradea
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Refining climate change projections for organisms with low dispersal abilities

Tiberiu C Sahlean / Iulian Gherghel / Monica Papeş / Alexandru Strugariu / Ştefan R Zamfirescu

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e

a case study of the Caspian whip snake.

2014 Volume 91994

Abstract: Climate warming is one of the most important threats to biodiversity. Ectothermic organisms such as amphibians and reptiles are especially vulnerable as climatic conditions affect them directly. Ecological niche models (ENMs) are increasingly popular in ... ...

Abstract	Climate warming is one of the most important threats to biodiversity. Ectothermic organisms such as amphibians and reptiles are especially vulnerable as climatic conditions affect them directly. Ecological niche models (ENMs) are increasingly popular in ecological studies, but several drawbacks exist, including the limited ability to account for the dispersal potential of the species. In this study, we use ENMs to explore the impact of global climate change on the Caspian whip snake (Dolichophis caspius) as model for organisms with low dispersal abilities and to quantify dispersal to novel areas using GIS techniques. Models generated using Maxent 3.3.3 k and GARP for current distribution were projected on future climatic scenarios. A cost-distance analysis was run in ArcGIS 10 using geomorphological features, ecological conditions, and human footprint as "costs" to dispersal of the species to obtain a Maximum Dispersal Range (MDR) estimate. All models developed were statistically significant (P<0.05) and recovered the currently known distribution of D. caspius. Models projected on future climatic conditions using Maxent predicted a doubling of suitable climatic area, while GARP predicted a more conservative expansion. Both models agreed on an expansion of suitable area northwards, with minor decreases at the southern distribution limit. The MDR area calculated using the Maxent model represented a third of the total area of the projected model. The MDR based on GARP models recovered only about 20% of the total area of the projected model. Thus, incorporating measures of species' dispersal abilities greatly reduced estimated area of potential future distributions.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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