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Book: Impacts of oil spill disasters on marine habitats and fisheries in North America

Alford, J. Brian

(CRC marine biology series)

2015

Author's details	ed. by J. Brian Alford
Series title	CRC marine biology series
Keywords	Oil spills/Environmental aspects
Subject code	628.16833097
Language	English
Size	XIX, 320 S., [6] Bl. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., 26 cm
Publisher	CRC Press
Publishing place	Boca Raton, Fla. u.a.
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT018512699
ISBN	978-1-4665-5720-8 ; 9781466557215 ; 1-4665-5720-6 ; 1466557214
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
154/9	available for loan (reading room)	Freihandmagazin (U1)

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Article: Fractal Resonance: Can Fractal Geometry Be Used to Optimize the Connectivity of Neurons to Artificial Implants?

Rowland, C / Moslehi, S / Smith, J H / Harland, B / Dalrymple-Alford, J / Taylor, R P

Advances in neurobiology

2024 Volume 36, Page(s) 877–906

Abstract: In parallel to medical applications, exploring how neurons interact with the artificial interface of implants in the human body can be used to learn about their fundamental behavior. For both fundamental and applied research, it is important to determine ...

Abstract	In parallel to medical applications, exploring how neurons interact with the artificial interface of implants in the human body can be used to learn about their fundamental behavior. For both fundamental and applied research, it is important to determine the conditions that encourage neurons to maintain their natural behavior during these interactions. Whereas previous biocompatibility studies have focused on the material properties of the neuron-implant interface, here we discuss the concept of fractal resonance - the possibility that favorable connectivity properties might emerge by matching the fractal geometry of the implant surface to that of the neurons.To investigate fractal resonance, we first determine the degree to which neurons are fractal and the impact of this fractality on their functionality. By analyzing three-dimensional images of rat hippocampal neurons, we find that the way their dendrites fork and weave through space is important for generating their fractal-like behavior. By modeling variations in neuron connectivity along with the associated energetic and material costs, we highlight how the neurons' fractal dimension optimizes these constraints. To simulate neuron interactions with implant interfaces, we distort the neuron models away from their natural form by modifying the dendrites' fork and weaving patterns. We find that small deviations can induce large changes in fractal dimension, causing the balance between connectivity and cost to deteriorate rapidly. We propose that implant surfaces should be patterned to match the fractal dimension of the neurons, allowing them to maintain their natural functionality as they interact with the implant.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Fractals ; Neurons ; Prostheses and Implants ; Hippocampus
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2190-5215
ISSN	2190-5215
DOI	10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_44
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Sprouted wheat and vetch seeds as a green feed for poultry (OK-Net EcoFeed Practice abstract)

Alford, Jerry

2021

Abstract: There is little data available for feed value of sprouts as animal feed. The addition of sprouted seeds to the ration could improve utilisation of available feedstuffs. Sprouting triggers the breakdown of antinutritional factors in pulses increasing ... ...

Abstract	There is little data available for feed value of sprouts as animal feed. The addition of sprouted seeds to the ration could improve utilisation of available feedstuffs. Sprouting triggers the breakdown of antinutritional factors in pulses increasing protein in the diet and provides the benefits of a green feed. • Initial phases of the sprouter produced uneven germination and a mouldy product. Following adaptations, the final sprouter incorporated spray nozzles, UV lights and a fan to control humidity (Figure 1) which resulted in consistent germination and product. • Samples of wheat and vetch from days 1, 3 and 5 were sent to an independent laboratory where they were tested for nutritional value, amino acid contents and TIA (vetch only). The results for wheat (Figure 2) and for vetches (Figure 3) demonstrate that there is no loss of nutritional value due to sprouting although starch is converted into sugars during the process. Feed value starts to drop at day 5. Crude protein and amino acid profiles do not change with sprouting (Figures 4 and 5). There was a small reduction in TIA activity from 1.4 to 1.3 mg/gram on day 5 which is consistent with the slow germination of the vetch seeds compared to wheat. • Intake of sprouts was good even while the flock had access to their silvopasture range. There was a prefer-ence for vetch sprouts. • A sequential sowing system could be used to manage the germination times of different species to create a mixed feed of sprouted seeds.
Keywords	Feeding and growth ; Poultry
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: The potential feed value of grain tailings for poultry (OK-Net Ecofeed video)

Alford, Jerry

2021

Abstract: This video looks at the results and analysis of grain tailings from organic wheat. Grain tailings, the residues after cleaning grains for seed or sale, often contain weed seeds as well as small and damaged grains. They are often dumped, but occasionally ... ...

Abstract	This video looks at the results and analysis of grain tailings from organic wheat. Grain tailings, the residues after cleaning grains for seed or sale, often contain weed seeds as well as small and damaged grains. They are often dumped, but occasionally they are fed to pigs and poultry. What is their feed value and is this something we can utilise as a feed source on an organic farm? The trial analysed the tailings from an organic farm and compared it with a cleaned sample. The tailings feed value was higher and contained more protein due to the weed seeds and the higher protein content of the smaller grains. The information contained in this video is useful for all farmers whether organic or conventional by providing a use for all grain cleanings. Cleaning equipment is commonly available on farm or through mobile systems. Feed analysis will be dependent on weed seeds present, their quantity and how strict the cleaning process is. Weed seed spread is possible if feed is used on an arable field.
Keywords	Feeding and growth ; Pigs ; Poultry
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: The potential for increasing the nutritional value of beans for pig and poultry diets (OK-Net Ecofeed video)

Alford, Jerry

2021

Abstract: This video reports on a small scale trial looking at the effect of heating and dehulling on Faba Bean protein quantity and quality. Heat treating pulses is commonly used to reduce antinutritional factors (ANF) as well as influence digestibility of the ... ...

Abstract	This video reports on a small scale trial looking at the effect of heating and dehulling on Faba Bean protein quantity and quality. Heat treating pulses is commonly used to reduce antinutritional factors (ANF) as well as influence digestibility of the protein. The heat treatment of soya beans during oil extraction denatures the ANF, while faba beans are commonly fed untreated. This trial looked at whether heat treating or dehulling beans will reduce ANF such as trypsin inhibitors without reducing protein quantity or quality to allow high inclusion in rations. The results show that there was no change in amino acid qualities or protein quantity due to heating. Dehulling beans increased protein but didn’t affect trypsin inhibitors. Combining dehulling to remove tannins and heating to reduce ANF could increase ration inclusion more. There are commercial equipment available either through heated augers for small farms or larger mechanised systems for large farms or industrial systems. Heating on small scales can be done in standard household ovens. The information presented in the video is relevant for all farmers interested in including beans in their monogastric rations.
Keywords	Feeding and growth ; Pigs ; Poultry
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: The potential feed value of grain tailings for poultry (OK-Net Ecofeed Practice abstract)

Alford, Jerry

2021

Abstract: Small grains, broken grains and weed seeds are a waste product which can be utilised as a feed stuff. The weed seeds have the potential to supply different amino acids and minerals. The sample of tailings tested contained Ryegrass (Lolium spp.), clover ( ... ...

Abstract	Small grains, broken grains and weed seeds are a waste product which can be utilised as a feed stuff. The weed seeds have the potential to supply different amino acids and minerals. The sample of tailings tested contained Ryegrass (Lolium spp.), clover (Trifolium spp.), charlock (Sinapsis) and dock (Rumex) seeds as well as small and damaged grains as seen in figure 1. The nutritional content of the grains and tailings are shown in Table 1. Reduction in Starch levels are countered by higher levels of sugars due to harvesting weeds before maturity. Higher Oil levels will be due to higher level in weed seeds, some of which were oilseed types such as charlock (Sinapsis Arvenis L). Increased Ash and Neutral Detergent Fibre will potentially reduce intakes and is due to the presence of dust, husks and straw from the grain. The samples were also tested for amino acid profiles and, in the tailings, there was an increase of all amino acids tested except Glutamine and Proline, as shown in Figure 2. Weed seed type will influence final feed value, and care must also be taken to ensure that any seeds which are toxic to poultry are removed prior to harvest. There is also a risk that weeds can be spread as a result of this practice and so milling may be beneficial. In conclusion, there is an increased feed value in tailings, compared to clean grains, which could be utilised as a local, organic feed by poultry farmers. Other research has shown that there is no reduction in feed value from small, low bushel or specific weight grain, and so this offers an advantage to farmers who are able to clean grain prior to selling.
Keywords	Feeding and growth ; Pigs ; Poultry
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Heat treatment and dehulling effects on feed value of faba beans (OK-Net Ecofeed Practice abstract)

Alford, Jerry

2021

Abstract: Reducing antinutritional factors would allow a higher inclusion of pulses in feed rations. Adding a simple treat-ment would increase feed inclusion, product value and reduce the need for imported protein. High tannin bean varieties are already used for ... ...

Abstract	Reducing antinutritional factors would allow a higher inclusion of pulses in feed rations. Adding a simple treat-ment would increase feed inclusion, product value and reduce the need for imported protein. High tannin bean varieties are already used for human consumption and ruminants. TIA and tannin removal make them better suited to monogastric diets and would improve markets for all bean varieties. • Samples of Beans were heated to 150oC for 15 minutes in a conventional electric oven (Picture 1). • Beans were also dehulled manually and through separation from the bulk sample (picture 2) and were sent to an independent laboratory for analysis (Sciantec, UK) In order to assess benefits for monogastrics, analysis included Crude Protein, Trypsin Inhibitor activity and ami-no-acid make-up of the untreated, heat treated and dehulled beans. • The test showed that dehulling increased crude protein by 6.66% but increased TIA by 112.5% • Toasting increased Protein content by 2% but reduced TIA by 37% (pictures 3 and 4) The test has shown that dehulling can increase protein content but doesn’t reduce trypsin inhibitor activity, but heat treating does, combining the two has the potential to allow increased inclusions of beans into rations. Nei-ther treatment affects amino acid contents. • Tannins are the antinutritional factors that are most detrimental to pig nutrition. • Current recommendations are for inclusions of up to 10% beans in sow rations and up to 20% for growing and fattening pigs, although up to 30% has been used successfully where low tannin varieties are used. • For poultry, TIA is more detrimental than tannins though both are important. • Inclusion rates of 5-7% beans are common in poultry rations but where beans are processed (heated, de-hulled, extruded or pelleted) to increase their digestibility it is possible to increase inclusion up to 25%. Faba beans need to be rolled or milled prior to being fed so additional processes can be added into the handling system. Processes such as micronizing (infra-red ...
Keywords	Feeding and growth ; Pigs ; Poultry
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Feeding strategies for broiler chickens (OK-Net EcoFeed Practice Abstract)

Alford, Jeremy

2020

Abstract: Organic standards require organic broilers to be free range and have access to open-air spaces as soon as possible (figure 1) but at a minimum of one-third of their life. The minimum slaughter age for broilers is 81 days. • Feed components should contain ...

Abstract	Organic standards require organic broilers to be free range and have access to open-air spaces as soon as possible (figure 1) but at a minimum of one-third of their life. The minimum slaughter age for broilers is 81 days. • Feed components should contain high-quality proteins, e.g., legumes, aquatic feed sources and by-products from food manufacturing and industrial processes. • Organic standards prevent the use of synthetic amino acids, so there is a need to ensure amino acid availability (especially methionine and lysine). • A phase feeding strategy should be used to account for the differences in the dietary needs of broilers dur-ing different growth stages. • Account for feed consumed in outdoor areas (i.e., roughages) when calculating nutritional requirements and formulating feed rations. • Formulate diets on a digestible amino acid basis rather than on a total amino acid or crude protein level. • Choose appropriate breeds that are able to perform with the given resources, particularly slower-growing breeds. Slower-growing breeds will need less energy-dense rations and are also more inclined to seek food in the range. Choice feeding, where birds select separate foods, rather than manufactured compound feed, has been found to increase Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) when birds have access to range. Limiting protein intake for organic broilers in the finishing stages can be an acceptable feeding strategy if the broilers have access to vegetation with a high nutritional value. Reducing protein levels for slow-growing breeds to 15% resulted in a lower FCE but a lower cost of production. Key to this is range management and alternative forages, such as baled haylages, which will be needed during winter or drought periods. High protein sources such as lucerne and clovers can also supply some of the required protein. Account can also be taken of insects and invertebrates eaten on the range, which can supply some of the protein and amino acids required.
Keywords	Feeding and growth ; Poultry
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Maize germ cake (OK-Net EcoFeed Practice Abstract)

Alford, Jeremy

2020

Abstract: Maize germ cake is part of a group of loosely named by-products yielded from the wet milling and dry milling maize industries. It is important to know what process the cake is from because that will affect its feed value. - Dry milled maize should ... ...

Abstract	• Maize germ cake is part of a group of loosely named by-products yielded from the wet milling and dry milling maize industries. It is important to know what process the cake is from because that will affect its feed value. - Dry milled maize should contain more soluble protein, starch, and phosphorus. - Wet-milled maize tends to contain more residual oil. - Organic cake will have high oil levels because oil can only be extracted by pressing, not solvents. • Maize germ (about 11 % of the grain weight) cake contains 20-24 % crude protein and higher levels of essential amino acids than whole maize as shown in Table 1. • Other products like maize gluten feed are similar but contain more bran and have different nutritional val-ues. Maize quality and processing methods should be identified well in advance to avoid any nutritional im-balances. Ideally, the feed should be analysed to determine nutritional value. • The maize germ contains high levels of phytic acid which has some anti-nutritional factors, particularly relating to phosphorus availability, but up to 20 % maize germ cake can be used without reduced productivity in pigs and poultry rations. • If badly stored, the feed can turn rancid. • Maize germ cake can replace maize within the ration for layers and during the fattening period for broilers. • It is essential to develop a sound feeding plan to avoid any nutritional problems
Keywords	Post harvest management and techniques ; Root crops
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: The potential for sprouted seeds to supply feed for laying hens (OK-Net Ecofeed Video)

Alford, Jerry

2020

Abstract: The video shows the development of a farm made seed sprouting system highlighting some of the issues and solutions for small-scale producers. The video powerpoint presentation includes photos of the systems development and video of the end product. It is ...

Abstract	The video shows the development of a farm made seed sprouting system highlighting some of the issues and solutions for small-scale producers. The video powerpoint presentation includes photos of the systems development and video of the end product. It is partly directed at those aiming for small-scale production of green material for poultry either as a nutritional source, as a range enrichment, or potentially to boost the supply of green forage in drought or winter.
Keywords	Feeding and growth ; Poultry
Language	English
Publishing country	dk
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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