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Article: Psychological Impact of the Civil War and COVID-19 on Libyan Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Elhadi, Muhammed / Buzreg, Anis / Bouhuwaish, Ahmad / Khaled, Ala / Alhadi, Abdulmueti / Msherghi, Ahmed / Alsoufi, Ahmed / Alameen, Hind / Biala, Marwa / Elgherwi, Alsafa / Elkhafeefi, Fatimah / Elmabrouk, Amna / Abdulmalik, Abdulmuez / Alhaddad, Sarah / Elgzairi, Moutaz / Khaled, Ahmed

Frontiers in psychology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 570435

Abstract: Objective: We aim to determine the psychological status of medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak and civil war in Libya.: Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students from 15 medical schools between April 20 and May 1, ...

Abstract	Objective: We aim to determine the psychological status of medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak and civil war in Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students from 15 medical schools between April 20 and May 1, 2020. The demographic characteristics, generalized anxiety disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) results were collected. Results: Of the 3,500 students, 2,430 completed the survey. The mean (± SD) score of anxiety symptoms determined by the GAD-7 was 7.2 (5.1). A total of 268 (11%) students had a GAD-7 score of ≥15, which is indicative of moderate to severe anxiety. A total of 1,568 (64.5%) students showed different degrees of anxiety: mild, 910 (37.5%); moderate, 390 (16%); and severe, 268 (11%). Anxiety was significantly associated with living status and internal displacement ( Conclusion: These data highlight that medical students in Libya are at risk for depression, especially under the current stressful environment of the civil war and the COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570435
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Article ; Online: Knowledge, preventive behavior and risk perception regarding COVID-19: a self-reported study on college students.

Elhadi, Muhammed / Msherghi, Ahmed / Alsoufi, Ahmed / Buzreg, Anis / Bouhuwaish, Ahmad / Khaled, Ala / Alhadi, Abdulmueti / Alameen, Hind / Biala, Marwa / Elgherwi, Alsafa / Elkhafeefi, Fatimah / Elmabrouk, Amna / Abdulmalik, Abdulmuez / Alhaddad, Sarah / Khaled, Ahmed / Elgzairi, Moutaz

The Pan African medical journal

2020 Volume 35, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 75

Abstract: Introduction: There are a limited number of studies on the issues associated with the knowledge and self-practice preventive measures for COVID-19 among medical students. We aimed to determine the extent of knowledge, self-reported preventive behavior, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There are a limited number of studies on the issues associated with the knowledge and self-practice preventive measures for COVID-19 among medical students. We aimed to determine the extent of knowledge, self-reported preventive behavior, and risk perception of the COVID-19 outbreak among college students in Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 20 to April 30, 2020. The participants were students of medical and non-medical subjects from Libyan educational institutes. Data on participants' characteristics, knowledge, preventive behavior, and risk perception were collected. Results: Approximately 3669 participants completed the questionnaire, of which 2547 (69.4) were medical students and 1122 (30.6%) were non-medical students. The mean knowledge score on COVID-19 was 8.62 (SD: 1.26, range: 0-12), corresponding to 71.8% correct answers. A significant difference was observed between medical and non-medical students in terms of knowledge (p < 0.001). Overall, the knowledge score of the students differed significantly with respect to age, current year of study, and financial source (p < 0.05). The mean score of preventive behavioral measures toward COVID-19 (out of 8) was 7.42 (SD: 0.95, range: 0-8), and the overall preventive measure score was estimated to be approximately 7.42/8100, which corresponds to 92.7% for both medical and non-medical students. Conclusion:* Notably, college students were observed to have substantial knowledge, preventive behavior, and a positive attitude toward COVID-19. Government programs should aim to educate individuals from other sectors of the society to ensure the proper dissemination of knowledge on preventive safety measures, as this will help restrict and control the pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Libya ; Male ; Perception ; Self Report ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-11
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.23586
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among emergency physicians in Libya after civil war: a cross-sectional study.

Elhadi, Muhammed / Khaled, Ala / Malek, Ans Bassam / El-Azhari, Ahmed El-Alem / Gwea, Ahmed Zakaria / Zaid, Ahmed / Elturki, Salman Mabruk / Aburgegah, Ahmed / Abu Ageila, Munir Ahmed K / Alhadi, Abdulmueti / Albashkar, Hafed Abdulwahhab / Alshareef, Aliyah Mustafa / Ben Nama, Adel Basher / Sahboun, Nizar Aljarboue Mohammed / Ahmed, Hazem

BMJ open

2020 Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) e039382

Abstract: Objectives: We aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and anxiety among physicians working in the emergency departments of nine tertiary care centres in Libya.: Design: This was a cross-sectional study.: Setting: Nine main tertiary centres ...

Abstract	Objectives: We aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and anxiety among physicians working in the emergency departments of nine tertiary care centres in Libya. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: Nine main tertiary centres in Libya PARTICIPANTS: Emergency department doctors were surveyed between December 2018 and February 2019. Intervention: The standardised Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was selected as a measurement tool for analysing anxiety and depression symptoms; a HADS score of 8 indicated anxiety as well as depression symptoms. The primary outcomes were anxiety and depression, which were tabulated with independent sociodemographic variables. χ Results: A total of 108 out of 150 (72%) emergency physicians from all levels participated in the study and took the survey. The emergency physicians had a mean±SD age of 31.2±4.5 years, and were predominantly males (74 out of 108, 68.5%). Overall, 49 (45.4%) physicians reached the cut-off score to define both depression and anxiety (ie, a score ≥8). In terms of violence, 71 (65.7%) reported incidents of verbal violence, while 26 (24.1%) reported physical violence or abuse by militias. In addition, 28 reported being threatened by militias. Conclusion: The high prevalence rate of anxiety and depression is of concern, and the high rate of physical and verbal abuse highlights the range of abuse endured by doctors in Libya. Therefore, screening for anxiety and depression at regular intervals is needed to avoid the deterioration of mental health, which can increase the risk of suicide and dropping out, and decrease the level of healthcare for patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Humans ; Libya/epidemiology ; Male ; Physicians ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039382
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology, outcomes, and utilization of intensive care unit resources for critically ill COVID-19 patients in Libya: A prospective multi-center cohort study.

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e0251085

Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected African countries, specifically the countries, such as Libya, that are in constant conflict. Clinical and laboratory information, including mortality and associated risk ... ...

Abstract	Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected African countries, specifically the countries, such as Libya, that are in constant conflict. Clinical and laboratory information, including mortality and associated risk factors in relation to hospital settings and available resources, about critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Africa is not available. This study aimed to determine the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICU) following 60 days after ICU admission, and explore the factors that influence in-ICU mortality rate. Methods: This is a multicenter prospective observational study among COVID-19 critical care patients in 11 ICUs in Libya from May 29th to December 30th 2020. Basic demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory values, admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, quick SOFA, and clinical management were analyzed. Result: We included 465 consecutive COVID-19 critically ill patients. The majority (67.1%) of the patients were older than 60 years, with a median (IQR) age of 69 (56.5-75); 240 (51.6%) were male. At 60 days of follow-up, 184 (39.6%) were discharged alive, while 281 (60.4%) died in the intensive care unit. The median (IQR) ICU length of stay was 7 days (4-10) and non-survivors had significantly shorter stay, 6 (3-10) days. The body mass index was 27.9 (24.1-31.6) kg/m2. At admission to the intensive care unit, quick SOFA median (IQR) score was 1 (1-2), whereas total SOFA score was 6 (4-7). In univariate analysis, the following parameters were significantly associated with increased/decreased hazard of mortality: increased age, BMI, white cell count, neutrophils, procalcitonin, cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and d-dimer levels were associated with higher risk of mortality. Decreased lymphocytes, and platelet count were associated with higher risk of mortality. Quick SOFA and total SOFA scores increase, emergency intubation, inotrope use, stress myocardiopathy, acute kidney injury, arrythmia, and seizure were associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: Our study reported the highest mortality rate (60.4%) among critically ill patients with COVID-19 60 days post-ICU admission. Several factors were found to be predictive of mortality, which may help to identify patients at risk of mortality during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/therapy ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness/epidemiology ; Critical Illness/mortality ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Libya/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Survival Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0251085
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Article ; Online: Psychological Impact of the Civil War and COVID-19 on Libyan Medical Students

Frontiers in Psychology

A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 Volume 11

Keywords	General Psychology ; covid19
Publisher	Frontiers Media SA
Publishing country	ch
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570435
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among the Libyan population.

Elhadi, Muhammed / Msherghi, Ahmed / Khaled, Ahmed / Alsoufi, Ahmed / Alhadi, Abdulmueti / Kareem, Asraa / Ashini, Aimen / Alsharif, Tahani / Alhodiri, Alarabi / Altaeb, Emtenan / Hamed, Mona / Itrunbah, Ahmed / Mohmmed, Soha / Alameen, Hind / Idheiraj, Hanadi / Shuwayyah, Anshirah / Alhudhairy, Sara / Alansari, Arowa / Abraheem, Wisam /

Akl, Hend / Nagib, Taha / Almugaddami, Ayman / Aljameel, Basheer / Muamr, Siba / Alsuwiyah, Suhir / Alsghair, Ateka / Soula, Enas / Buzreg, Anis / Alagelli, Fatma / Aldireewi, Abdulfatah / Bareem, Ahmed / Alshareea, Entisar / Gemberlo, Asmhan / Zaid, Ahmed

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0267426

Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have a potentially serious effect on mental health and increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders in people. In this study, we aimed to determine the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have a potentially serious effect on mental health and increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders in people. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological illness and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Libyan population's mental health. Method: A cross-sectional survey, conducted in both online and paper modes and consisting of five sections, was completed in more than 30 cities and towns across Libya. The first section consisted of questions on basic demographic characteristics. The second section contained a survey related to the lockdown status, activities, related stress levels, and quarantine. The third section comprised the self-administered 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The fourth section contained the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the fifth section contained the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Result: Of the 31,557 respondents, 4,280 (13.6%) reported severe depressive symptoms, with a mean [standard deviation (SD)] PHQ-9 score of 8.32 (5.44); 1,767 (5.6%) reported severe anxiety symptoms, with a mean (SD) GAD-7 score of 6 (4.6); and 6,245 (19.8%) of the respondents reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a mean (SD) score of 15.3 (18.85). In multivariate analysis, young age, being female, unmarried, educated, or victims of domestic violence or abuse, work suspension during the pandemic, and having increased workload, financial issues, suicidal thoughts, or a family member with or hospitalized due to COVID-19 were significantly associated with a high likelihood of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as PTSD. Internal displacement due to civil war was also associated with PTSD. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and civil war in Libya. Further study on the development of strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the mental disease burden on the Libyan population is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Libya/epidemiology ; Male ; Mental Health ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0267426
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education: Medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding electronic learning.

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 11, Page(s) e0242905

Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption in medical education and healthcare systems worldwide. The disease can cause life-threatening conditions and it presents challenges for medical education, as ... ...

Abstract	The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption in medical education and healthcare systems worldwide. The disease can cause life-threatening conditions and it presents challenges for medical education, as instructors must deliver lectures safely, while ensuring the integrity and continuity of the medical education process. It is therefore important to assess the usability of online learning methods, and to determine their feasibility and adequacy for medical students. We aimed to provide an overview of the situation experienced by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical students regarding electronic medical education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with medical students from more than 13 medical schools in Libya. A paper-based and online survey was conducted using email and social media. The survey requested demographic and socioeconomic information, as well as information related to medical online learning and electronic devices; medical education status during the COVID-19 pandemic; mental health assessments; and e-learning knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A total of 3,348 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Most respondents (64.7%) disagreed that e-learning could be implemented easily in Libya. While 54.1% of the respondents agreed that interactive discussion is achievable by means of e-learning. However, only 21.1% agreed that e-learning could be used for clinical aspects, as compared with 54.8% who disagreed with this statement and 24% who were neutral. Only 27.7% of the respondents had participated in online medical educational programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 65% reported using the internet for participating in study groups and discussions. There is no vaccine for COVID-19 yet. As such, the pandemic will undeniably continue to disrupt medical education and training. As we face the prospect of a second wave of virus transmission, we must take certain measures and make changes to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on medical education and on the progression of training. The time for change is now, and there should be support and enthusiasm for providing valid solutions to reduce this disruption, such as online training and virtual clinical experience. These measures could then be followed by hands-on experience that is provided in a safe environment.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education, Distance/methods ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Learning ; Libya/epidemiology ; Male ; Pandemics ; Quarantine/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Students, Medical/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0242905
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Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of healthcare workers and the public regarding the COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study.

Elhadi, Muhammed / Alsoufi, Ahmed / Alhadi, Abdulmueti / Hmeida, Amel / Alshareea, Entisar / Dokali, Mawadda / Abodabos, Sanabel / Alsadiq, Omaymah / Abdelkabir, Mohammed / Ashini, Aimen / Shaban, Abdulhamid / Mohammed, Saja / Alghudban, Nehal / Bureziza, Eman / Najah, Qasi / Abdulrahman, Khawla / Mshareb, Nora / Derwish, Khawla / Shnfier, Najwa /

Burkan, Rayan / Al-Azomi, Marwa / Hamdan, Ayman / Algathafi, Khadeejah / Abdulwahed, Eman / Alheerish, Khadeejah / Lindi, Naeimah / Anaiba, Mohamed / Elbarouni, Abobaker / Alsharif, Monther / Alhaddad, Kamal / Alwhishi, Enas / Aboughuffah, Muad / Aljadidi, Wesal / Jaafari, Aisha / Khaled, Ala / Zaid, Ahmed / Msherghi, Ahmed

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 955

Abstract: Background: This study determined the knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding COVID-19 and assessed the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers and the general population.: Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional study was ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study determined the knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding COVID-19 and assessed the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers and the general population. Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling in Libya from December 1 to 18, 2020 among the general population and healthcare workers. Data on demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination-related concerns, knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding COVID-19, and knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were collected using a self-administered survey. A binomial logistic regression was performed with 70% efficacy to determine the association between acceptance of the vaccine and study variables. Results: Valid and complete responses were collected from 15,087 participants. Of these, 6227 (41.3%) were male and 8860 (58.7%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 30.6 ± 9.8 years. Moreover, 485 (3.2%) participants were infected with COVID-19 at the time of the study, while 2000 (13.3%) had been previously infected. Overall, 2452 (16.3%) participants agreed, and 3127 (20.7%) strongly agreed, with "having concerns about serious vaccine-related complications." Mask-wearing adherence was reported by 10,268 (68.1%) of the participants. Most participants (14,050, 93.1%) believed that the vaccine should be provided for free, while 7272 (48.2%) were willing to buy it. Regarding vaccine acceptance and efficacy, 12,006 (79.6%) reported their willingness to take the vaccine with an efficacy of 90% or more, 9143 (60.6%) with an efficacy of 70% or more, and only 6212 (41.2%) with an efficacy of 50%. The binomial logistic regression revealed that vaccine acceptance was not associated with belonging to the medical field versus the general population. Acceptance was statistically associated with younger age groups, especially 31-40 (OR = 1.3 [1.09, 1.55]) and 41-50 years (OR = 1.29, [1.09, 1.54]). However, having a family member or friend infected with COVID-19 was positively associated with the likelihood of vaccine acceptance (OR = 1.09 [1.02, 1.18]), while having a friend or family member who died due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with it (OR = 0.89 [0.84, 0.97]). Conclusions: Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is an essential determinant of vaccine uptake and the likelihood of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Developing strategies to decrease public hesitation and increase trust is vital for implementing vaccination programs.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Libya ; Male ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-021-10987-3
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Article ; Online: Assessment of Healthcare Workers' Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings.

Elhadi, Muhammed / Msherghi, Ahmed / Alkeelani, Mohammed / Zorgani, Abdulaziz / Zaid, Ahmed / Alsuyihili, Ali / Buzreg, Anis / Ahmed, Hazim / Elhadi, Ahmed / Khaled, Ala / Boughididah, Tariq / Khel, Samer / Abdelkabir, Mohammed / Gaffaz, Rawanda / Bahroun, Sumayyah / Alhashimi, Ayiman / Biala, Marwa / Abulmida, Siraj / Elharb, Abdelmunam /

Abukhashem, Mohamed / Elgzairi, Moutaz / Alghanai, Esra / Khaled, Taha / Boushi, Esra / Ben Saleim, Najah / Mughrabi, Hamad / Alnafati, Nafati / Alwarfalli, Moaz / Elmabrouk, Amna / Alhaddad, Sarah / Madi, Farah / Madi, Malack / Elkhfeefi, Fatima / Ismaeil, Mohamed / Faraag, Belal / Badi, Majdi / Al-Agile, Ayman / Eisay, Mohamed / Ahmid, Jalal / Elmabrouk, Ola / Bin Alshiteewi, Fatimah / Alameen, Hind / Bikhayr, Hala / Aleiyan, Tahani / Almiqlash, Bushray / Subhi, Malak / Fadel, Mawada / Yahya, Hana / Alkot, Safeya / Alhadi, Abdulmueti / Abdullah, Abraar / Atewa, Abdulrahman / Amshai, Ala

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2020 Volume 103, Issue 2, Page(s) 828–833

Abstract: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is spreading rapidly worldwide, with devastating consequences for patients, healthcare workers, health systems, and economies. As it reaches low- and middle-income countries, the pandemic puts healthcare workers ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is spreading rapidly worldwide, with devastating consequences for patients, healthcare workers, health systems, and economies. As it reaches low- and middle-income countries, the pandemic puts healthcare workers at high risk and challenges the abilities of healthcare systems to respond to the crisis. This study measured levels of knowledge and preparedness regarding COVID-19 among physicians and nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers in Libya between February 26 and March 10, 2020. We obtained 1,572 valid responses of a possible 2,000 (78.6%) participants from 21 hospitals, of which 65.1% were from physicians and 34.9% from nurses. The majority of participants (70%) used social media as a source of information. A total of 47.3% of doctors and 54.7% of nurses received adequate training on how to effectively use personal protective equipment. Low confidence in managing suspected COVID-19 patients was reported by 83.8% of participants. Furthermore, 43.2% of healthcare workers were aware of proper hand hygiene techniques. Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. Awareness and preparedness for the pandemic were low among frontline workers during the study. Therefore, an effective educational training program should be implemented to ensure maintenance of appropriate practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hand Hygiene ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Personnel ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Libya ; Male ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.20-0330
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Article: Assessment of Healthcare Workers' Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings

Am J Trop Med Hyg

Abstract	COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is spreading rapidly worldwide, with devastating consequences for patients, healthcare workers, health systems, and economies. As it reaches low- and middle-income countries, the pandemic puts healthcare workers at high risk and challenges the abilities of healthcare systems to respond to the crisis. This study measured levels of knowledge and preparedness regarding COVID-19 among physicians and nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers in Libya between February 26 and March 10, 2020. We obtained 1,572 valid responses of a possible 2,000 (78.6%) participants from 21 hospitals, of which 65.1% were from physicians and 34.9% from nurses. The majority of participants (70%) used social media as a source of information. A total of 47.3% of doctors and 54.7% of nurses received adequate training on how to effectively use personal protective equipment. Low confidence in managing suspected COVID-19 patients was reported by 83.8% of participants. Furthermore, 43.2% of healthcare workers were aware of proper hand hygiene techniques. Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. Awareness and preparedness for the pandemic were low among frontline workers during the study. Therefore, an effective educational training program should be implemented to ensure maintenance of appropriate practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #610555
Database	COVID19

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