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Article: Safety and Efficacy of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Altheaby, Abdulrahman / Alloqmani, Duha / AlShammari, Rawaby / Alsuhaibani, Albatoul / Hakeem, Anadel / Alam, Syed / Alharbi, Shroug / Al Zunitan, Mohammed / Bosaeed, Mohammad / Alharbi, Naif K

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e24753

Abstract: Background: Kidney transplant recipients appear to be at high risk for critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. They are considered a priority for COVID-19 vaccination. Only a few studies report on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	Background: Kidney transplant recipients appear to be at high risk for critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. They are considered a priority for COVID-19 vaccination. Only a few studies report on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in these patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we measured anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) spike-specific IgG post first and second COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in 113 kidney transplant recipients and compared them to 62 healthy volunteers. Result: After the first COVID-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were undetectable in 38.9% of kidney transplant recipients, and after the second, it remained undetectable in 12.4%. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were significantly lower in kidney transplant recipients. The average antibody titer after the first vaccine was 1243.6±4137.5 in kidney transplant recipients compared to 20012.2±44436.4 in the controls after the first dose (P=0.002), and 7965.5±12431.3 versus 82891.3±67418.7, respectively, after the second dose (P <0.001). The immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine seemed to be influenced by mycophenolate dose in kidney transplant recipients and pre-vaccination infection. Conclusion: Kidney transplant recipients are prone to have attenuated antibody responses (anti-spike IgGs) to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Patients on mycophenolate mofetil (2 gm daily) had significantly lower SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG levels as compared to patients on no or reduced dose of mycophenolate. Hence, kidney transplant recipients need to continue all infection control precautionary measures against COVID-19 infection and should be considered a priority for a third COVID-19 vaccine.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.24753
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccines: Global challenges and prospects forum recommendations.

Boudjelal, Mohamed / Almajed, Faisal / Salman, Ahmed M / Alharbi, Naif K / Colangelo, Margaretta / Michelotti, Julia M / Olinger, Gene / Baker, Mariwan / Hill, Adrian V S / Alaskar, Ahmed

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2021 Volume 105, Page(s) 448–451

Abstract: The 11th KAIMRC Annual Research Forum Themed "COVID-19 Vaccine: Global Challenges and Prospects Forum" discussed COVID19 Vaccines. The Forum was a vital event as it provided a hub for leading COVID-19 vaccine scientists, regulators, developers, and ... ...

Abstract	The 11th KAIMRC Annual Research Forum Themed "COVID-19 Vaccine: Global Challenges and Prospects Forum" discussed COVID19 Vaccines. The Forum was a vital event as it provided a hub for leading COVID-19 vaccine scientists, regulators, developers, and distributors to learn about COVID-19 vaccines in development, make decisions about the best vaccines to use, and develop appropriate plans for global distribution and pricing. The COVID-19: Global Efforts for Development, Clinical Trials and Distribution Symposium brought together leading scientists, clinicians, pharma, decision makers, academic institutions and businesses to present and discuss the vaccines that are being currently developed for the COVID19. This event was held to shed light on these vaccines as many are at the late stage of Phase III clinical trials and ready to be marketed. This follows the confusion that few vaccines were produced and pushed into phase III without sharing all the necessary data preventing the scientific and clinical community to judge its efficacy and safety. This event allowed a discussion into the challenges in the distribution, pricing and accessibility of the vaccines. Moreover, the symposium discussed the importance to invest in Biotech-Pharma to combat and overcome any future health crisis. The discussion focused on Saudi Arabia leading initiatives as front runner in the field among G20 members.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drug Development ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Saudi Arabia
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-27
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.093
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Article: Proteomics-based identification of cancer-associated proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Alsagaby, Suliman A / Brewis, Ian A / Vijayakumar, Rajendran / Alhumaydhi, Fahad A / Alwashmi, Ameen S / Alharbi, Naif K / Al Abdulmonem, Waleed / Premanathan, Mariappan / Pratt, Guy / Fegan, Christopher / Pepper, Christopher / Brennan, Paul

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 2021 July, v. 52

2021

Abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a neoplasm of B-cells characterized by variable prognosis. Exploring the proteome of CLL cells may provide insights into the disease. Therefore, eleven proteomics experiments were conducted on eleven primary CLL ... ...

Abstract	Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a neoplasm of B-cells characterized by variable prognosis. Exploring the proteome of CLL cells may provide insights into the disease. Therefore, eleven proteomics experiments were conducted on eleven primary CLL samples.We reported a CLL proteome consisting of 919 proteins (false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 1%) whose identification was based on the sequencing of two or more distinct peptides (FDR of peptide sequencing ≤ 1%). Mass spectrometry-based protein identification was validated for four different proteins using Western blotting and specific antibodies in different CLL samples. Small sizes of nucleolin (~57 kDa and ~68 kDa) showed a potential association with good prognosis CLL cells (n = 8, p < 0.01). Compared with normal B-cells, CLL cells over-expressed thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3 (THRAP3; n = 9; p = 0.00007), which is implicated in cell proliferation; and heterochromatin protein 1-binding protein 3 (HP1BP3; n = 10; p = 0.0002), which promotes cell survival and tumourogenesis. A smaller form of HP1BP3, which may correspond to HP1BP3 isoform-2, was specifically identified in normal B-cells (n = 10; p = 0.0001). HP1BP3 and THRAP3 predicted poor prognosis of CLL (p ≤ 0.05). Consistently, THRAP3 and HP1BP3 were found to be associated with cancer-related pathways (p ≤ 0.05).Our findings add to the known proteome of CLL and confirm the prognostic importance of two novel cancer-associated proteins in this disease.How to cite: Alsagaby SA, Brennan P, Brewis IA, et al. Proteomics-based identification of cancer-associated proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.006
Keywords	biotechnology ; cell proliferation ; cell viability ; heterochromatin ; leukemia ; mass spectrometry ; peptides ; prognosis ; proteome ; proteomics ; thyroid hormones
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Size	p. 1-12.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	0717-3458
DOI	10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Early Humoral Response Correlates with Disease Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients.

Hashem, Anwar M / Algaissi, Abdullah / Almahboub, Sarah A / Alfaleh, Mohamed A / Abujamel, Turki S / Alamri, Sawsan S / Alluhaybi, Khalid A / Hobani, Haya I / AlHarbi, Rahaf H / Alsulaiman, Reem M / ElAssouli, M-Zaki / Hala, Sharif / Alharbi, Naif K / Alhabbab, Rowa Y / AlSaieedi, Ahdab A / Abdulaal, Wesam H / Bukhari, Abdullah / Al-Somali, Afrah A / Alofi, Fadwa S /

Khogeer, Asim A / Pain, Arnab / Alkayyal, Almohanad A / Almontashiri, Naif A M / Ahmad, Bakur Mahmoud / Li, Xuguang

Viruses

2020 Volume 12, Issue 12

Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. Antigen-specific responses are of unquestionable value for clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Here, ... ...

Abstract	The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. Antigen-specific responses are of unquestionable value for clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Here, we investigated the kinetics of IgM, IgG against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N) proteins and their neutralizing capabilities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different disease presentations (i.e., mild, moderate or severe), need for intensive care units (ICU) admission or outcomes (i.e., survival vs death). We show that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgM and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were readily detectable in almost all COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations. Interestingly, significantly higher levels of nAbs as well as anti-S1 and -N IgG and IgM antibodies were found in patients with more severe symptoms, patients requiring admission to ICU or those with fatal outcomes. More importantly, early after symptoms onset, we found that the levels of anti-N antibodies correlated strongly with disease severity. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the kinetics of antibody responses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/immunology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Kinetics ; Longitudinal Studies ; Neutralization Tests ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v12121390
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Article ; Online: Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vaccine Provides Multispecies Protection against Rift Valley Fever.

Warimwe, George M / Gesharisha, Joseph / Carr, B Veronica / Otieno, Simeon / Otingah, Kennedy / Wright, Danny / Charleston, Bryan / Okoth, Edward / Elena, Lopez-Gil / Lorenzo, Gema / Ayman, El-Behiry / Alharbi, Naif K / Al-dubaib, Musaad A / Brun, Alejandro / Gilbert, Sarah C / Nene, Vishvanath / Hill, Adrian V S

Scientific reports

2016 Volume 6, Page(s) 20617

Abstract: Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) causes recurrent outbreaks of acute life-threatening human and livestock illness in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. No licensed vaccines are currently available for humans and those widely used in livestock have major ... ...

Abstract	Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) causes recurrent outbreaks of acute life-threatening human and livestock illness in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. No licensed vaccines are currently available for humans and those widely used in livestock have major safety concerns. A 'One Health' vaccine development approach, in which the same vaccine is co-developed for multiple susceptible species, is an attractive strategy for RVFV. Here, we utilized a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine platform with an established human and livestock safety profile, ChAdOx1, to develop a vaccine for use against RVFV in both livestock and humans. We show that single-dose immunization with ChAdOx1-GnGc vaccine, encoding RVFV envelope glycoproteins, elicits high-titre RVFV-neutralizing antibody and provides solid protection against RVFV challenge in the most susceptible natural target species of the virus-sheep, goats and cattle. In addition we demonstrate induction of RVFV-neutralizing antibody by ChAdOx1-GnGc vaccination in dromedary camels, further illustrating the potency of replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine platforms. Thus, ChAdOx1-GnGc warrants evaluation in human clinical trials and could potentially address the unmet human and livestock vaccine needs.
MeSH term(s)	Adenovirus Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Adenovirus Vaccines/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism ; Camelus ; Cattle ; Goats ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/immunology ; Pan troglodytes/virology ; Rift Valley Fever/immunology ; Rift Valley Fever/prevention & control ; Rift Valley fever virus/genetics ; Rift Valley fever virus/immunology ; Rift Valley fever virus/metabolism ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Sheep ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Adenovirus Vaccines ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/srep20617
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Interferon Beta-1b and Lopinavir-Ritonavir for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.

Arabi, Yaseen M / Asiri, Ayed Y / Assiri, Abdullah M / Balkhy, Hanan H / Al Bshabshe, Ali / Al Jeraisy, Majed / Mandourah, Yasser / Azzam, Mohamed H A / Bin Eshaq, Abdulhadi M / Al Johani, Sameera / Al Harbi, Shmeylan / Jokhdar, Hani A A / Deeb, Ahmad M / Memish, Ziad A / Jose, Jesna / Ghazal, Sameeh / Al Faraj, Sarah / Al Mekhlafi, Ghaleb A / Sherbeeni, Nisreen M /

Elzein, Fatehi E / Al-Hameed, Fahad / Al Saedi, Asim / Alharbi, Naif K / Fowler, Robert A / Hayden, Frederick G / Al-Dawood, Abdulaziz / Abdelzaher, Mohamed / Bajhmom, Wail / AlMutairi, Badriah M / Hussein, Mohamed A / Alothman, Adel

The New England journal of medicine

2020 Volume 383, Issue 17, Page(s) 1645–1656

Abstract: Background: Whether combined treatment with recombinant interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir reduces mortality among patients hospitalized with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is unclear.: Methods: We conducted a randomized, adaptive, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Whether combined treatment with recombinant interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir reduces mortality among patients hospitalized with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is unclear. Methods: We conducted a randomized, adaptive, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients at nine sites in Saudi Arabia. Hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed MERS were randomly assigned to receive recombinant interferon beta-1b plus lopinavir-ritonavir (intervention) or placebo for 14 days. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality, with a one-sided P-value threshold of 0.025. Prespecified subgroup analyses and safety analyses were conducted. Because of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, the data and safety monitoring board requested an unplanned interim analysis and subsequently recommended the termination of enrollment and the reporting of the results. Results: A total of 95 patients were enrolled; 43 patients were assigned to the intervention group and 52 to the placebo group. A total of 12 patients (28%) in the intervention group and 23 (44%) in the placebo group died by day 90. The analysis of the primary outcome, with accounting for the adaptive design, yielded a risk difference of -19 percentage points (upper boundary of the 97.5% confidence interval [CI], -3; one-sided P = 0.024). In a prespecified subgroup analysis, treatment within 7 days after symptom onset led to lower 90-day mortality than use of placebo (relative risk, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.75), whereas later treatment did not. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 patients (9%) in the intervention group and in 10 (19%) in the placebo group. Conclusions: A combination of recombinant interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir led to lower mortality than placebo among patients who had been hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed MERS. The effect was greatest when treatment was started within 7 days after symptom onset. (Funded by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; MIRACLE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02845843.).
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interferon beta-1b/adverse effects ; Interferon beta-1b/therapeutic use ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lopinavir/adverse effects ; Lopinavir/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ritonavir/adverse effects ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Time-to-Treatment
Chemical Substances	Drug Combinations ; Interferon beta-1b (145155-23-3) ; Lopinavir (2494G1JF75) ; Ritonavir (O3J8G9O825)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMoa2015294
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Article ; Online: Early Humoral Response Correlates with Disease Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

Khogeer, Asim A / Pain, Arnab / Alkayyal, Almohanad A / Almontashiri, Naif AM / Mahmoud, Ahmad B / Li, Xuguang

medRxiv

Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. Immunological surrogate markers, in particular antigen-specific responses, are of unquestionable ... ...

Abstract	The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. Immunological surrogate markers, in particular antigen-specific responses, are of unquestionable value for clinical management of patients with COVID-19. Here, we investigated the kinetics of IgM, IgG against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N) proteins and their neutralizing capabilities in hospitalized patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection. Our data show that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgM and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were readily detectable in almost all COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations. Notably, anti-S and -N IgG, peaked 20-40 day after disease onset, and were still detectable for at least up to 70 days, with nAbs observed during the same time period. Moreover, nAbs titers were strongly correlated with IgG antibodies. Significantly higher levels of nAbs as well as anti-S1 and N IgG and IgM antibodies were found in patients with more severe clinical presentations, patients requiring admission to intensive care units (ICU) or those with fatal outcomes. Interestingly, lower levels of antibodies, particularly anti-N IgG and IgM in the first 15 days after symptoms onset, were found in survivors and those with mild clinical presentations. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the characteristics and kinetics of antibody responses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-23
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.09.21.20198309
Database	COVID19

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Article: Safety and Efficacy of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccines: Global challenges and prospects forum recommendations.

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Article: Proteomics-based identification of cancer-associated proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

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Article ; Online: Early Humoral Response Correlates with Disease Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients.

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Article ; Online: Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vaccine Provides Multispecies Protection against Rift Valley Fever.

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Article ; Online: Interferon Beta-1b and Lopinavir-Ritonavir for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.

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Article ; Online: Early Humoral Response Correlates with Disease Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

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