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Article ; Online: Suprageniculate Approach to Release of Popliteal Entrapment without Distal Bypass Despite Preoperative Runoff Thrombosis.

Ali, Aamna M / Ramos, Christopher R / Glebova, Natalia O

2018 Volume 46, Page(s) 206.e5–206.e10

Abstract: Background: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is an uncommon condition in which anatomic or functional popliteal artery compression causes arterial insufficiency. We present a case of popliteal entrapment with runoff thrombosis treated with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is an uncommon condition in which anatomic or functional popliteal artery compression causes arterial insufficiency. We present a case of popliteal entrapment with runoff thrombosis treated with suprageniculate release of entrapment without distal bypass. Results: A 15-year old boy with Klinefelter syndrome presented with right leg claudication severely limiting his activity. He had a palpable femoral pulse, but no palpable popliteal or foot pulses on the right. Noninvasive testing showed a partially thrombosed popliteal artery with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of 0.69. Computed tomography scan revealed type III popliteal entrapment with distal thromboses and abnormal insertion of gastrocnemius muscle. Popliteal entrapment release was performed via a medial suprageniculate approach in consideration for distal bypass. The soleus was released first; intraoperative angiography showed continued popliteal compression with forced dorsiflexion. This was followed by release of the gastrocnemius and found caudal and medial to the soleus as a tight band. Repeat angiography showed cessation of popliteal artery compression with dorsiflexion. Bypass was not performed due to improvement of distal flow seen on angiography. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable. On 1-month and 9-month follow-up, he had a normal ABI and arterial duplex, was asymptomatic, and had returned to normal activities. Conclusions: We describe suprageniculate approach to popliteal release that may be useful if a distal bypass is planned. In this case, bypass was unnecessary despite the abnormal appearance of distal runoff on preoperative imaging, as the child's perfusion improved with entrapment release alone, and arterial remodeling over time resulted in normal perfusion and arterial appearance on duplex imaging.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/etiology ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/physiopathology ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/surgery ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/abnormalities ; Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging ; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/complications ; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging ; Popliteal Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Popliteal Artery/physiopathology ; Popliteal Artery/surgery ; Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Thrombosis/physiopathology ; Thrombosis/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex ; Vascular Patency
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1027366-9
ISSN	1615-5947 ; 0890-5096
ISSN (online)	1615-5947
ISSN	0890-5096
DOI	10.1016/j.avsg.2017.07.023
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Article ; Online: Preserving David C Sabiston Jr's legacy in medical students' surgical education.

Ali, Aamna M / Lawson, Jeffrey H

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

2013 Volume 217, Issue 6, Page(s) 1140–1144

MeSH term(s)	Clinical Clerkship/history ; Clinical Clerkship/methods ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/history ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; General Surgery/education ; General Surgery/history ; History, 20th Century ; Mentors/history ; North Carolina
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1181115-8
ISSN	1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
ISSN (online)	1879-1190
ISSN	1072-7515
DOI	10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.401
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Article ; Online: Creation of a Successful Transposed Antecubital Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in Patient with Known Ipsilateral Modified Radical Mastectomy, Postoperative Radiation, and Proximal Central Venous Occlusion.

Ali, Aamna Mahnoor / Khan, Sadia / Tayyarah, Majid

Annals of vascular surgery

2016 Volume 32, Page(s) 128.e15–7

Abstract: Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement in patients with ipsilateral mastectomy and radiation has been avoided because of concerns regarding central venous outflow obstruction. To our knowledge, only 3 such cases have been reported. We present a ... ...

Abstract	Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement in patients with ipsilateral mastectomy and radiation has been avoided because of concerns regarding central venous outflow obstruction. To our knowledge, only 3 such cases have been reported. We present a patient with bilateral mastectomies and right-sided radiation therapy presenting for vascular access in the setting of multiple failed AVF in her left upper extremity and infected-groin catheter, central catheters, and axillary loop graft. We created and superficialized a radiocephalic AVF in her right upper extremity in the setting of central vein occlusion and robust collaterals which remains patent and has been cannulated successfully.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/methods ; Brachiocephalic Veins/diagnostic imaging ; Brachiocephalic Veins/physiopathology ; Brachiocephalic Veins/surgery ; Collateral Circulation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Forearm/blood supply ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/classification ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Radial Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Radial Artery/physiopathology ; Radial Artery/surgery ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Renal Dialysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Vascular Diseases/complications ; Vascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Vascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Vascular Patency
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1027366-9
ISSN	1615-5947 ; 0890-5096
ISSN (online)	1615-5947
ISSN	0890-5096
DOI	10.1016/j.avsg.2015.10.013
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Article ; Online: Women in Surgery: A History of Adversity, Resilience, and Accomplishment.

Ali, Aamna M / McVay, Carie Lea

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

2016 Volume 223, Issue 4, Page(s) 670–673

MeSH term(s)	Female ; General Surgery/history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Physicians, Women/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portraits
ZDB-ID	1181115-8
ISSN	1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
ISSN (online)	1879-1190
ISSN	1072-7515
DOI	10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.06.012
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Article ; Online: Primary Epithelial Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Retroperitoneum.

Dehal, Ahmed / Kim, Sean / Ali, Aamna / Walbolt, Thomas

The Permanente journal

2015 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 71–75

Abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors are either epithelial or neural in origin. Neuroendocrine tumors of the retroperitoneum are mostly metastatic. Primary epithelial neuroendocrine tumors of the retroperitoneum are exceedingly rare. We describe a case of a ... ...

Abstract	Neuroendocrine tumors are either epithelial or neural in origin. Neuroendocrine tumors of the retroperitoneum are mostly metastatic. Primary epithelial neuroendocrine tumors of the retroperitoneum are exceedingly rare. We describe a case of a retroperitoneal tumor that was discovered incidentally during exploratory laparotomy for small-bowel obstruction. Histopathologic and immunochemical analyses of the biopsied mass were consistent with an epithelial neuroendocrine tumor. The tumor was subsequently removed and final analyses confirmed the initial diagnosis. No evidence of lymph nodes or paraganglia were found within the tumor on histologic examination. Extensive evaluation did not reveal any other primary or metastatic lesions. Therefore, the diagnosis of primary epithelial neuroendocrine tumor of the retroperitoneum was made. The literature is reviewed and discussed. To date, this is only the fifth reported case of primary epithelial retroperitoneal neuroendocrine tumor. Although extremely rare, the possibility of such diagnosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of a retroperitoneal tumor.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases/pathology ; Necrosis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2062823-7
ISSN	1552-5775 ; 1552-5775
ISSN (online)	1552-5775
ISSN	1552-5775
DOI	10.7812/TPP/15-058
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Article ; Online: Complex Ventral Hernias: A Review of Past to Present.

Trujillo, Charles N / Fowler, Aaron / Al-Temimi, Mohammed H / Ali, Aamna / Johna, Samir / Tessier, Deron

The Permanente journal

2017 Volume 22, Page(s) 17–15

Abstract: With the incidence of ventral hernias increasing, surgeons are faced with greater complexity in dealing with these conditions. Proper knowledge of the history and the advancements made in managing complex ventral hernias will enhance surgical results. ... ...

Abstract	With the incidence of ventral hernias increasing, surgeons are faced with greater complexity in dealing with these conditions. Proper knowledge of the history and the advancements made in managing complex ventral hernias will enhance surgical results. This review article highlights the literature regarding complex ventral hernias, including a shift from a focus that stressed surgical technique toward a multimodal approach, which involves optimization and identification of suboptimal characteristics.
MeSH term(s)	Hernia, Ventral/diagnosis ; Hernia, Ventral/surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Care ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2062823-7
ISSN	1552-5775 ; 1552-5767
ISSN (online)	1552-5775
ISSN	1552-5767
DOI	10.7812/TPP/17-015
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Article: Anatomical variations of the lingual mandibular canals and foramina.

Ali, Aamna / Ahmad, Mansur

Northwest dentistry

2008 Volume 87, Issue 2, Page(s) 36–37

MeSH term(s)	Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Mandible/diagnostic imaging ; Patient Care Planning
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604083-4
ISSN	0029-2915
ISSN	0029-2915
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Article ; Online: Tissue-engineered vascular grafts: autologous off-the-shelf vascular access?

Manson, Roberto J / Unger, Joshua M / Ali, Aamna / Gage, Shawn M / Lawson, Jeffrey H

Seminars in nephrology

2012 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 582–591

Abstract: Dialysis grafts have provided reliable access for millions of patients in need of renal replacement therapy. However, regardless of the material used for artificial dialysis grafts their mean patency remains generally poor and infection rates are greater ...

Abstract	Dialysis grafts have provided reliable access for millions of patients in need of renal replacement therapy. However, regardless of the material used for artificial dialysis grafts their mean patency remains generally poor and infection rates are greater than native arteriovenous fistulas. The need for superior alternatives to conventional synthetic materials used for vascular access has been an area of investigation for more than 25 years and recently there has been a great deal of progress in the field of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Many of these technologies are either commercially available or are now entering early phases of clinical trials. This review briefly covers the history, potential advantages, and disadvantages of these technologies, which are likely to create an impact in the field of vascular access surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/methods ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis/methods ; Transplantation, Autologous/methods ; Vascular Access Devices ; Vascular Grafting/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604652-6
ISSN	1558-4488 ; 0270-9295
ISSN (online)	1558-4488
ISSN	0270-9295
DOI	10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.10.010
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Article ; Online: Cryopreserved venous allograft is an acceptable conduit in patients with current or prior angioaccess graft infection.

Harlander-Locke, Michael P / Lawrence, Peter F / Ali, Aamna / Bae, Esther / Kohn, James / Abularrage, Christopher / Ricci, Michael / Lemmon, Gary W / Peralta, Sotero / Hsu, Jeffrey

Journal of vascular surgery

2017 Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 1157–1162

Abstract: Objective: The durability of cryopreserved allograft has been previously demonstrated in the setting of infection. The objective of this study was to examine the safety, efficacy, patency, and cost per day of graft patency associated with using ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The durability of cryopreserved allograft has been previously demonstrated in the setting of infection. The objective of this study was to examine the safety, efficacy, patency, and cost per day of graft patency associated with using cryopreserved allograft (vein and artery) for hemodialysis access in patients with no autogenous tissue for native fistula creation and with arteriovenous graft infection or in patients at high risk for infection. Methods: Patients implanted with cryopreserved allograft for hemodialysis access between January 2004 and January 2014 were reviewed using a standardized, multi-institutional database that evaluated demographic, comorbidity, procedural, and outcomes data. Results: There were 457 patients who underwent placement of cryopreserved vein (femoral: n = 337, saphenous: n = 11) or artery (femoral: n = 109) for hemodialysis access at 20 hospitals. Primary indications for allograft use included high risk of infection in 191 patients (42%), history of infected prosthetic graft in 169 (37%), and current infection in 97 (21%). Grafts were placed more frequently in the arm (78%) than in the groin, with no difference in allograft conduit used. Mean time from placement to first hemodialysis use was 46 days (median, 34 days). Duration of functional graft use was 40 ± 7 months for cryopreserved vein and 21 ± 8 months for cryopreserved artery (P < .05), and mean number of procedures required to maintain patency at follow-up of 58 ± 21 months was 1.6 for artery and 0.9 for vein (P < .05). Local access complications occurred in 32% of patients and included late thrombosis (14%), graft stenosis (9%), late infection (9%), arteriovenous access malfunction (7%), early thrombosis (3%), and early infection (3%). Early and late infections both occurred more frequently in the groin (P = .030, P = .017, respectively), and late thrombosis occurred more frequently with cryopreserved artery (P < .001). Of the 82 patients (18%) in whom the cryopreserved allograft was placed in the same location as the excised infected prosthetic graft, 13 had infection of the allograft during the study period (early: n = 4; late: n = 9), with no significant difference in infection rate (P = .312) compared with the remainder of the study population. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary patency was 58%, 35%, and 17% for cryopreserved femoral vein and 49%, 17%, and 8% for artery, respectively (P < .001). Secondary patency at 1, 3, and 5 years was 90%, 78%, and 58% for cryopreserved femoral vein and 75%, 53%, and 42% for artery, respectively (P < .001). Mean allograft fee per day of graft patency was $4.78 for cryopreserved vein and $6.97 for artery (P < .05), excluding interventional costs to maintain patency. Conclusions: Cryopreserved allograft provides an excellent conduit for angioaccess when autogenous tissue is not available in patients with current or past conduit infection. Cryopreserved vein was associated with higher patency and a lower cost per day of graft patency. Cryopreserved allograft allows for immediate reconstruction through areas of infection, reduces the need for staged procedures, and allows early use for dialysis.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Allografts ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/adverse effects ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/economics ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/instrumentation ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis/economics ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/economics ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation ; Cryopreservation/economics ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Femoral Artery/transplantation ; Femoral Vein/physiopathology ; Femoral Vein/transplantation ; Graft Occlusion, Vascular/etiology ; Graft Occlusion, Vascular/physiopathology ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnosis ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/economics ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/surgery ; Renal Dialysis/economics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Saphenous Vein/physiopathology ; Saphenous Vein/transplantation ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; Vascular Patency
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	605700-7
ISSN	1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
ISSN (online)	1097-6809
ISSN	0741-5214
DOI	10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.450
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Article ; Online: Exploring UK medical school differences: the MedDifs study of selection, teaching, student and F1 perceptions, postgraduate outcomes and fitness to practise.

McManus, I C / Harborne, Andrew Christopher / Horsfall, Hugo Layard / Joseph, Tobin / Smith, Daniel T / Marshall-Andon, Tess / Samuels, Ryan / Kearsley, Joshua William / Abbas, Nadine / Baig, Hassan / Beecham, Joseph / Benons, Natasha / Caird, Charlie / Clark, Ryan / Cope, Thomas / Coultas, James / Debenham, Luke / Douglas, Sarah / Eldridge, Jack /

Hughes-Gooding, Thomas / Jakubowska, Agnieszka / Jones, Oliver / Lancaster, Eve / MacMillan, Calum / McAllister, Ross / Merzougui, Wassim / Phillips, Ben / Phillips, Simon / Risk, Omar / Sage, Adam / Sooltangos, Aisha / Spencer, Robert / Tajbakhsh, Roxanne / Adesalu, Oluseyi / Aganin, Ivan / Ahmed, Ammar / Aiken, Katherine / Akeredolu, Alimatu-Sadia / Alam, Ibrahim / Ali, Aamna / Anderson, Richard / Ang, Jia Jun / Anis, Fady Sameh / Aojula, Sonam / Arthur, Catherine / Ashby, Alena / Ashraf, Ahmed / Aspinall, Emma / Awad, Mark / Yahaya, Abdul-Muiz Azri / Badhrinarayanan, Shreya / Bandyopadhyay, Soham / Barnes, Sam / Bassey-Duke, Daisy / Boreham, Charlotte / Braine, Rebecca / Brandreth, Joseph / Carrington, Zoe / Cashin, Zoe / Chatterjee, Shaunak / Chawla, Mehar / Chean, Chung Shen / Clements, Chris / Clough, Richard / Coulthurst, Jessica / Curry, Liam / Daniels, Vinnie Christine / Davies, Simon / Davis, Rebecca / De Waal, Hanelie / Desai, Nasreen / Douglas, Hannah / Druce, James / Ejamike, Lady-Namera / Esere, Meron / Eyre, Alex / Fazmin, Ibrahim Talal / Fitzgerald-Smith, Sophia / Ford, Verity / Freeston, Sarah / Garnett, Katherine / General, Whitney / Gilbert, Helen / Gowie, Zein / Grafton-Clarke, Ciaran / Gudka, Keshni / Gumber, Leher / Gupta, Rishi / Harlow, Chris / Harrington, Amy / Heaney, Adele / Ho, Wing Hang Serene / Holloway, Lucy / Hood, Christina / Houghton, Eleanor / Houshangi, Saba / Howard, Emma / Human, Benjamin / Hunter, Harriet / Hussain, Ifrah / Hussain, Sami / Jackson-Taylor, Richard Thomas / Jacob-Ramsdale, Bronwen / Janjuha, Ryan / Jawad, Saleh / Jelani, Muzzamil / Johnston, David / Jones, Mike / Kalidindi, Sadhana / Kalsi, Savraj / Kalyanasundaram, Asanish / Kane, Anna / Kaur, Sahaj / Al-Othman, Othman Khaled / Khan, Qaisar / Khullar, Sajan / Kirkland, Priscilla / Lawrence-Smith, Hannah / Leeson, Charlotte / Lenaerts, Julius Elisabeth Richard / Long, Kerry / Lubbock, Simon / Burrell, Jamie Mac Donald / Maguire, Rachel / Mahendran, Praveen / Majeed, Saad / Malhotra, Prabhjot Singh / Mandagere, Vinay / Mantelakis, Angelos / McGovern, Sophie / Mosuro, Anjola / Moxley, Adam / Mustoe, Sophie / Myers, Sam / Nadeem, Kiran / Nasseri, Reza / Newman, Tom / Nzewi, Richard / Ogborne, Rosalie / Omatseye, Joyce / Paddock, Sophie / Parkin, James / Patel, Mohit / Pawar, Sohini / Pearce, Stuart / Penrice, Samuel / Purdy, Julian / Ramjan, Raisa / Randhawa, Ratan / Rasul, Usman / Raymond-Taggert, Elliot / Razey, Rebecca / Razzaghi, Carmel / Reel, Eimear / Revell, Elliot John / Rigbye, Joanna / Rotimi, Oloruntobi / Said, Abdelrahman / Sanders, Emma / Sangal, Pranoy / Grandal, Nora Sangvik / Shah, Aadam / Shah, Rahul Atul / Shotton, Oliver / Sims, Daniel / Smart, Katie / Smith, Martha Amy / Smith, Nick / Sopian, Aninditya Salma / South, Matthew / Speller, Jessica / Syer, Tom J / Ta, Ngan Hong / Tadross, Daniel / Thompson, Benjamin / Trevett, Jess / Tyler, Matthew / Ullah, Roshan / Utukuri, Mrudula / Vadera, Shree / Van Den Tooren, Harriet / Venturini, Sara / Vijayakumar, Aradhya / Vine, Melanie / Wellbelove, Zoe / Wittner, Liora / Yong, Geoffrey Hong Kiat / Ziyada, Farris / Devine, Oliver Patrick

BMC medicine

2020 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 136

Abstract: Background: Medical schools differ, particularly in their teaching, but it is unclear whether such differences matter, although influential claims are often made. The Medical School Differences (MedDifs) study brings together a wide range of measures of ...

Abstract	Background: Medical schools differ, particularly in their teaching, but it is unclear whether such differences matter, although influential claims are often made. The Medical School Differences (MedDifs) study brings together a wide range of measures of UK medical schools, including postgraduate performance, fitness to practise issues, specialty choice, preparedness, satisfaction, teaching styles, entry criteria and institutional factors. Method: Aggregated data were collected for 50 measures across 29 UK medical schools. Data include institutional history (e.g. rate of production of hospital and GP specialists in the past), curricular influences (e.g. PBL schools, spend per student, staff-student ratio), selection measures (e.g. entry grades), teaching and assessment (e.g. traditional vs PBL, specialty teaching, self-regulated learning), student satisfaction, Foundation selection scores, Foundation satisfaction, postgraduate examination performance and fitness to practise (postgraduate progression, GMC sanctions). Six specialties (General Practice, Psychiatry, Anaesthetics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Internal Medicine, Surgery) were examined in more detail. Results: Medical school differences are stable across time (median alpha = 0.835). The 50 measures were highly correlated, 395 (32.2%) of 1225 correlations being significant with p < 0.05, and 201 (16.4%) reached a Tukey-adjusted criterion of p < 0.0025. Problem-based learning (PBL) schools differ on many measures, including lower performance on postgraduate assessments. While these are in part explained by lower entry grades, a surprising finding is that schools such as PBL schools which reported greater student satisfaction with feedback also showed lower performance at postgraduate examinations. More medical school teaching of psychiatry, surgery and anaesthetics did not result in more specialist trainees. Schools that taught more general practice did have more graduates entering GP training, but those graduates performed less well in MRCGP examinations, the negative correlation resulting from numbers of GP trainees and exam outcomes being affected both by non-traditional teaching and by greater historical production of GPs. Postgraduate exam outcomes were also higher in schools with more self-regulated learning, but lower in larger medical schools. A path model for 29 measures found a complex causal nexus, most measures causing or being caused by other measures. Postgraduate exam performance was influenced by earlier attainment, at entry to Foundation and entry to medical school (the so-called academic backbone), and by self-regulated learning. Foundation measures of satisfaction, including preparedness, had no subsequent influence on outcomes. Fitness to practise issues were more frequent in schools producing more male graduates and more GPs. Conclusions: Medical schools differ in large numbers of ways that are causally interconnected. Differences between schools in postgraduate examination performance, training problems and GMC sanctions have important implications for the quality of patient care and patient safety.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schools, Medical/standards ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2131669-7
ISSN	1741-7015 ; 1741-7015
ISSN (online)	1741-7015
ISSN	1741-7015
DOI	10.1186/s12916-020-01572-3
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