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  1. Article: Sleep-disordered breathing and stroke.

    Ali, Latisha K / Avidan, Alon Y

    Reviews in neurological diseases

    2008  Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 191–198

    Abstract: Sleep and stroke have an important and fascinating interaction. Patients with sleep-disordered breathing present with cardiovascular heart disease, cognitive decline, and increased risk of stroke. Stroke adversely affects sleep and factors such as ... ...

    Abstract Sleep and stroke have an important and fascinating interaction. Patients with sleep-disordered breathing present with cardiovascular heart disease, cognitive decline, and increased risk of stroke. Stroke adversely affects sleep and factors such as prolonged immobilization, chronic pain, nocturnal hypoxia, and depression, which can also adversely impact sleep quality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), one of the most common and serious sleep disturbances, manifests itself in almost 50% of all stroke patients. Sleep apnea patients who experience a stroke may be at a greater impairment in their rehabilitation potential and have increased risk of secondary stroke and mortality. Given these factors, the practicing neurologist should possess the skills to appropriately recognize, rapidly diagnose, and properly manage stroke patients with OSA.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Cognition Disorders/complications ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Sleep/physiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology ; Stroke/complications ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1545-2913
    ISSN 1545-2913
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The ischemic stroke patient who worsens: new assessment and management approaches.

    Ali, Latisha K / Saver, Jeffrey L

    Reviews in neurological diseases

    2007  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 85–91

    Abstract: The stroke patient who deteriorates presents a common and rewarding diagnostic challenge. Up to one third of ischemic stroke patients worsen after admission, though the frequency of deterioration is declining with modern supportive care. The causes of ... ...

    Abstract The stroke patient who deteriorates presents a common and rewarding diagnostic challenge. Up to one third of ischemic stroke patients worsen after admission, though the frequency of deterioration is declining with modern supportive care. The causes of clinical worsening are diverse; common etiologies include collateral failure, brain edema, seizures, reocclusion after successful initial therapeutic recanalization, and systemic medical complications. Clot propagation and recurrent embolization are only infrequent mechanisms of worsening. The advent of multimodal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has transformed the evaluation of the deteriorating stroke patient. History, physical examination, screening blood work, and emergent reassessment of the cervical and cerebral vasculatures, regional hypoperfusion, and infarct core will yield a firm diagnosis of the cause of clinical worsening in the majority of patients. The therapeutic armamentarium for the worsening stroke patient has expanded greatly. Treatment options now include rescue late endovascular recanalization therapy, pressor collateral enhancement therapy, hemicraniectomy, and additional novel interventions in addition to enhanced supportive care. Because most causes of worsening can be treated effectively, the deteriorating stroke patient merits a swift and incisive diagnostic and therapeutic response.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/pathology ; Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis ; Brain Damage, Chronic/prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia/complications ; Brain Ischemia/diagnosis ; Decision Trees ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 1545-2913
    ISSN 1545-2913
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  3. Article ; Online: Direct thrombus aspiration using the Penumbra system for the treatment of pediatric intracranial dissection.

    Fujimoto, Motoaki / Tateshima, Satoshi / Ali, Latisha / Raychev, Radoslav / Vinuela, Fernando

    Journal of neurointerventional surgery

    2013  Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) e43

    Abstract: We describe a case of a 15-year-old girl who developed a spontaneous intracranial arterial dissection with distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions. From the digital subtraction angiography provided, the dissection flap appeared to originate at the ...

    Abstract We describe a case of a 15-year-old girl who developed a spontaneous intracranial arterial dissection with distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions. From the digital subtraction angiography provided, the dissection flap appeared to originate at the internal carotid artery terminus with extension into the right M1 segment and occluding the right anterior cerebral artery, A1 segment. CT perfusion study showed salvageable tissue in the posterior MCA territory, including the motor cortex. In order to avoid further injury to the dissection, clot retrieval systems were not a treatment option. We therefore performed selective thrombus aspiration with the Penumbra system for the occluded central and precentral arteries distal to the non-occlusive dissecting lesion. Sufficient recanalization was achieved and the patient made a marked recovery. Although mechanical thrombectomy with the use of retrieval intracranial stent systems has demonstrated satisfactory recanalization rates, the aspiration methodology remains useful for patients with an accompanying proximal vascular lesion.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/therapy ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/complications ; Catheterization ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arterial Diseases/therapy ; Cerebral Revascularization/methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Suction/instrumentation ; Suction/methods ; Thrombectomy/instrumentation ; Thrombectomy/methods ; Thrombosis/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2514982-9
    ISSN 1759-8486 ; 1759-8478
    ISSN (online) 1759-8486
    ISSN 1759-8478
    DOI 10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010474.rep
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Direct thrombus aspiration using the Penumbra system for the treatment of pediatric intracranial dissection.

    Fujimoto, Motoaki / Tateshima, Satoshi / Ali, Latisha / Raychev, Radoslav / Vinuela, Fernando

    BMJ case reports

    2012  Volume 2012

    Abstract: We describe a case of a 15-year-old girl who developed a spontaneous intracranial arterial dissection with distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions. From the digital subtraction angiography provided, the dissection flap appeared to originate at the ...

    Abstract We describe a case of a 15-year-old girl who developed a spontaneous intracranial arterial dissection with distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions. From the digital subtraction angiography provided, the dissection flap appeared to originate at the internal carotid artery terminus with extension into the right M1 segment and occluding the right anterior cerebral artery, A1 segment. CT perfusion study showed salvageable tissue in the posterior MCA territory, including the motor cortex. In order to avoid further injury to the dissection, clot retrieval systems were not a treatment option. We therefore performed selective thrombus aspiration with the Penumbra system for the occluded central and precentral arteries distal to the non-occlusive dissecting lesion. Sufficient recanalization was achieved and the patient made a marked recovery. Although mechanical thrombectomy with the use of retrieval intracranial stent systems has demonstrated satisfactory recanalization rates, the aspiration methodology remains useful for patients with an accompanying proximal vascular lesion.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/complications ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery/etiology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Thrombectomy/instrumentation ; Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Thrombosis/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-11-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1757-790X
    ISSN (online) 1757-790X
    DOI 10.1136/bcr-2012-010474
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Successful recanalization for acute ischemic stroke via the transbrachial approach.

    Okawa, Masakazu / Tateshima, Satoshi / Liebeskind, David / Ali, Latisha K / Thompson, Michael L / Saver, Jeffrey / Duckwiler, Gary R

    Journal of neurointerventional surgery

    2016  Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 122–125

    Abstract: The recent development of revascularization devices, including stent retrievers, has enabled increasingly higher revascularization rates for arterial occlusions in acute ischemic stroke. Patient-specific factors such as anatomy, however, may occasionally ...

    Abstract The recent development of revascularization devices, including stent retrievers, has enabled increasingly higher revascularization rates for arterial occlusions in acute ischemic stroke. Patient-specific factors such as anatomy, however, may occasionally limit endovascular deployment of these new devices via the conventional transfemoral approach. We report three cases of acute ischemic stroke where a transbrachial endovascular approach to revascularization was used, resulting in successful recanalization. These examples suggest that a transbrachial approach may be considered as an alternative in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging ; Brachial Artery/surgery ; Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Ischemia/surgery ; Cerebral Revascularization/methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging ; Stroke/surgery ; Treatment Outcome
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2514982-9
    ISSN 1759-8486 ; 1759-8478
    ISSN (online) 1759-8486
    ISSN 1759-8478
    DOI 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011451
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Antibacterial therapy of neurosyphilis: lack of impact of new therapies.

    Ali, Latisha / Roos, Karen L

    CNS drugs

    2002  Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) 799–802

    Abstract: Neurosyphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. These organisms divide slowly, requiring long exposure to antibacterials for treatment success. In order for an antibacterial to be effective in the therapy of neurosyphilis, it must achieve ... ...

    Abstract Neurosyphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. These organisms divide slowly, requiring long exposure to antibacterials for treatment success. In order for an antibacterial to be effective in the therapy of neurosyphilis, it must achieve treponemicidal concentrations in the CSF, have a long half-life and be given in a treatment regimen that favours compliance. Penicillin was first introduced for the treatment of syphilis in 1943, and despite interest in the use of amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, ceftriaxone and azithromycin, penicillin remains the only recommended antibacterial agent for neurosyphilis.
    MeSH term(s) Antitreponemal Agents/administration & dosage ; Antitreponemal Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Antitreponemal Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neurosyphilis/cerebrospinal fluid ; Neurosyphilis/drug therapy ; Penicillins/administration & dosage ; Penicillins/pharmacokinetics ; Penicillins/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Treponema pallidum/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antitreponemal Agents ; Penicillins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-07-16
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1203800-3
    ISSN 1179-1934 ; 1172-7047
    ISSN (online) 1179-1934
    ISSN 1172-7047
    DOI 10.2165/00023210-200216120-00001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Influence of height on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke.

    Ali, Latisha K / Saver, Jeffrey L / Liebeskind, David S / Pineda, Sandra / Ovbiagele, Bruce

    The neurologist

    2011  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–23

    Abstract: Background: large, long-term population data indicate an inverse association for adult height with stroke incidence and mortality, whereas the risk of atrial fibrillation appears greater in taller individuals. However, it is unclear whether knowledge of ...

    Abstract Background: large, long-term population data indicate an inverse association for adult height with stroke incidence and mortality, whereas the risk of atrial fibrillation appears greater in taller individuals. However, it is unclear whether knowledge of an individual's stature is an important clinical factor to consider when assessing hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke. We determined the relation of body height with clinical characteristics and discharge outcomes among persons with ischemic stroke.
    Methods: we analyzed prospectively collected data in 881 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke admitted to a university hospital stroke service during a 5-year period starting September 2002. Stroke subtyping was performed per modified Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Stroke severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. All patients were assessed at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. Mean adjusted height was compared using linear regression models with height as outcome, and stroke subtype, modified Rankin scale, and potential confounders as covariates.
    Results: mean age was 67.4 years, 48% were women. Mean height was 169 cm (SD ± 11). In multivariable analysis, height decreased per year of age (P=0.003), those with a previous stroke were shorter than those without a previous stroke (P=0.04), and females were shorter than males (P<0.001). Height was not associated with stroke subtype or discharge outcomes in unadjusted or adjusted analyses.
    Conclusions: Body height at hospital admission has no relation to ischemic stroke subtype or discharge outcome. However, patients with history of previous stroke were significantly shorter than those without a previous stroke, which may be because of greater stroke occurrence in shorter individuals or taller people with relatively larger atrial fibrillation-related strokes dying earlier.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Body Height ; Brain Ischemia/diagnosis ; Brain Ischemia/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1361380-7
    ISSN 2331-2637 ; 1074-7931
    ISSN (online) 2331-2637
    ISSN 1074-7931
    DOI 10.1097/NRL.0b013e3181de48f2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Weighting components of composite end points in clinical trials: an approach using disability-adjusted life-years.

    Hong, Keun-Sik / Ali, Latisha K / Selco, Scott L / Fonarow, Gregg C / Saver, Jeffrey L

    Stroke

    2011  Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 1722–1729

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Conventional analysis of vascular prevention trials assigns equal weight to disparate vascular events in a composite end point at variance with the public's perception of their differential impact on health outcome. This study ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Conventional analysis of vascular prevention trials assigns equal weight to disparate vascular events in a composite end point at variance with the public's perception of their differential impact on health outcome. This study sought to apply the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) metric to differential weighting individual vascular end points in trial analyses.
    Methods: DALY values for the most common major end points in vascular prevention trials (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and vascular death), were derived by using World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease Project methodology. The standardized DALYs for each event were applied to recent major primary and secondary vascular prevention trials and to hypothetical model trials.
    Results: Standardized DALYs lost were 7.63 for nonfatal stroke, 5.14 for nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 11.59 for vascular death. In the published trials analyses, the direction of treatment effects was consistent between DALY and standard event analysis, but the rank order of treatment effect changed for 10 of 18 trials. The DALY analysis also permitted derivation of number-needed-to-treat values to gain 1 DALY: 2.1 for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation, 2.7 for carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic stenosis, and 4.7 for clopidogrel added to aspirin in acute coronary syndrome. Hypothetical trial analyses demonstrated that the DALY metric more finely discriminates treatment effects.
    Conclusions: Compared with a nonfatal myocardial infarction, a nonfatal stroke causes a 1.48-fold greater loss and vascular death a 2.25-fold greater loss of DALY. DALY analysis integrates these valuations in a summary metric reflecting the net impact of therapy on patient and societal health, complementing conventional end point analyses.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cost of Illness ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/complications ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Research Design ; Stroke/complications ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80381-9
    ISSN 1524-4628 ; 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    ISSN (online) 1524-4628
    ISSN 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    DOI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.600106
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Impact of eloquent motor cortex-tissue reperfusion beyond the traditional thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scoring after thrombectomy.

    Raychev, Radoslav / Saber, Hamidreza / Saver, Jeffrey L / Hinman, Jason D / Brown, Scott / Vinuela, Fernando / Duckwiler, Gary / Jahan, Reza / Tateshima, Satoshi / Szeder, Viktor / Nour, May / Colby, Geoffrey P / Restrepo, Lucas / Kim, Doojin / Bahr-Hosseini, Mersedeh / Ali, Latisha / Starkman, Sidney / Rao, Neal / Nogueira, Raul G /
    Liebeskind, David

    Journal of neurointerventional surgery

    2020  Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) 990–994

    Abstract: Background: Targeted eloquence-based tissue reperfusion within the primary motor cortex may have a differential effect on disability as compared with traditional volume-based (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, TICI) reperfusion after endovascular ... ...

    Abstract Background: Targeted eloquence-based tissue reperfusion within the primary motor cortex may have a differential effect on disability as compared with traditional volume-based (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, TICI) reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
    Methods: We explored the impact of eloquent reperfusion (ER) within primary motor cortex (PMC) on clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) in AIS patients undergoing EVT. ER-PMC was defined as presence of flow on final digital subtraction angiography (DSA) within four main cortical branches, supplying the PMC (middle cerebral artery (MCA) - precentral, central, postcentral; anterior cerebral artery (ACA) - medial frontal branch arising from callosomarginal or pericallosal arteries) and graded as absent (0), partial (1), and complete (2). Prospectively collected data from two centers were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the impact of ER-PMC on 90-day disability (mRS) among patients with anterior circulation occlusion who achieved partial reperfusion (TICI 2a and 2b).
    Results: Among the 125 patients who met the study criteria, ER-PMC distribution was: absent (0) in 19/125 (15.2%); partial (1) in 52/125 (41.6%), and complete (2) in 54/125 (43.2%). TICI 2b was achieved in 102/125 (81.6%) and ER-PMC was substantially higher in those patients (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to age and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, ER-PMC had a profound independent impact on 90-day disability (OR 6.10, P=0.001 for ER-PMC 1 vs 0 and OR 9.87, P<0.001 for ER-PMC 2 vs 0), while the extent of total partial reperfusion (TICI 2b vs 2a) was not related to 90-day mRS.
    Conclusions: Eloquent PMC-tissue reperfusion is a key determinant of functional outcome, with a greater impact than volume-based (TICI) degree of partial reperfusion alone. PMC-targeted revascularization among patients with partial reperfusion may further diminish post-stroke disability after EVT.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Ischemia/surgery ; Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Infarction/surgery ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Motor Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Reperfusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging ; Stroke/surgery ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2514982-9
    ISSN 1759-8486 ; 1759-8478
    ISSN (online) 1759-8486
    ISSN 1759-8478
    DOI 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016834
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Prognostic value of Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score in hospitalized stroke patients.

    Ovbiagele, Bruce / Liebeskind, David S / Kim, Doojin / Ali, Latisha K / Pineda, Sandra / Saver, Jeffrey L

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2011  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 222–226

    Abstract: The Framingham Coronary Risk Score (FCRS) is based on several factors, including age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, presence of diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Some of these factors are ... ...

    Abstract The Framingham Coronary Risk Score (FCRS) is based on several factors, including age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, presence of diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Some of these factors are individually linked with acute stroke outcomes. We explored whether FCRS could predict outcome in patients hospitalized with recent stroke. We collected data on consecutive patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke over a 3-year period. Patients with known coronary artery disease were excluded. Discharge outcomes assessed were neurologic deficit (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score), death or disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≥2), and discharge to home directly from the hospital. The independent effect of FCRS on these outcomes was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis. During the study period, 434 patients with ischemic stroke met entry criteria (mean age, 64.5 years; 54% females). Median FCRS score was 8%. After adjusting for confounders, higher FCRS score was associated with an increased likelihood of death or being disabled at discharge (odds ratio [OR]=4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.98-24.1; P=.05), and a decreased likelihood of being discharged directly to home (OR=0.18; 95% CI=0.04-0.86; P=.032), but not with discharge NIHSS score. Higher FCRS in hospitalized ischemic stroke patients is associated with death or disability at discharge and a lower likelihood of being discharged directly to home. Along with indexing the long-term risk of cardiovascular events, this widely known, easily calculable score provides clinically relevant short-term prognostic information following ischemic stroke.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Brain Ischemia/diagnosis ; Brain Ischemia/etiology ; Brain Ischemia/mortality ; Brain Ischemia/rehabilitation ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Health Status Indicators ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Los Angeles ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Recovery of Function ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/mortality ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.12.003
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