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  1. Article ; Online: The effect of yogurts containing Gundelia tournefortii L. extract, kefir and probiotics on the serum calcium, phosphorus and lipid profile of rat

    Ameneh Khoshvaghti / Ali Javaheri

    Advanced Herbal Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 44-

    2021  Volume 56

    Abstract: Background and aims: The beneficial effects of probiotics, especially yogurt, have drawn attention, but in the last few years, probiotic yogurts have received great attention due to their significant effects on health. Plants, including artichoke ( ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: The beneficial effects of probiotics, especially yogurt, have drawn attention, but in the last few years, probiotic yogurts have received great attention due to their significant effects on health. Plants, including artichoke (Gundelia tournefortii L.), have many beneficial effects. In this study, the effect of yogurts containing G. tournefortii extract and kefir on lipid, lipoprotein pattern, calcium and phosphorus was compared with that of probiotic yogurts obtained from two microorganisms, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum.Methods: 12 batches of probiotic yogurts were produced by Tamime method, along with kefir and G. tournefortii extract. The yogurts along with a high-fat diet were fed to 80 adult male Wistar rats for seven days. At the end of study, the serum levels of lipid, lipoproteins, calcium and phosphorous were measured using standard methods.Results: The effect of yogurt containing G. tournefortii extract was similar to those of probiotic yogurts in lowering serum cholesterol. Although yogurts containing G. tournefortii extract and probiotic yogurts pronouncedly reduced HDL-C, VLDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides, the reduction was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the mean concentrations of phosphorous in different groups.Conclusion: Yogurts containing G. tournefortii extract have similar effects on the reduction of high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia to those of probiotic yogurts containing L. acidophilus and B. bifidum. The usage of G. tournefortii extract 0.9%, kefir and 0.6 g L. acidophilus increases the calcium level compared to normal diet, but the other G. tournefortii extracts and probiotic yogurts do not affect calcium levels.
    Keywords gundelia tournefortii l ; kefir ; lipid ; probiotic ; yogurt ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Heterogeneous cardiac sympathetic innervation gradients promote arrhythmogenesis in murine dilated cardiomyopathy

    Al-Hassan J. Dajani / Michael B. Liu / Michael A. Olaopa / Lucian Cao / Carla Valenzuela-Ripoll / Timothy J. Davis / Megan D. Poston / Elizabeth H. Smith / Jaime Contreras / Marissa Pennino / Christopher M. Waldmann / Donald B. Hoover / Jason T. Lee / Patrick Y. Jay / Ali Javaheri / Roger Slavik / Zhilin Qu / Olujimi A. Ajijola

    JCI Insight, Vol 8, Iss

    2023  Volume 22

    Abstract: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in heart failure are enhanced by sympathoexcitation. However, radiotracer studies of catecholamine uptake in failing human hearts demonstrate a proclivity for VAs in patients with reduced cardiac sympathetic innervation. We ... ...

    Abstract Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in heart failure are enhanced by sympathoexcitation. However, radiotracer studies of catecholamine uptake in failing human hearts demonstrate a proclivity for VAs in patients with reduced cardiac sympathetic innervation. We hypothesized that this counterintuitive finding is explained by heterogeneous loss of sympathetic nerves in the failing heart. In a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), delayed PET imaging of sympathetic nerve density using the catecholamine analog [11C]meta-Hydroxyephedrine demonstrated global hypoinnervation in ventricular myocardium. Although reduced, sympathetic innervation in 2 distinct DCM models invariably exhibited transmural (epicardial to endocardial) gradients, with the endocardium being devoid of sympathetic nerve fibers versus controls. Further, the severity of transmural innervation gradients was correlated with VAs. Transmural innervation gradients were also identified in human left ventricular free wall samples from DCM versus controls. We investigated mechanisms underlying this relationship by in silico studies in 1D, 2D, and 3D models of failing and normal human hearts, finding that arrhythmogenesis increased as heterogeneity in sympathetic innervation worsened. Specifically, both DCM-induced myocyte electrical remodeling and spatially inhomogeneous innervation gradients synergistically worsened arrhythmogenesis. Thus, heterogeneous innervation gradients in DCM promoted arrhythmogenesis. Restoration of homogeneous sympathetic innervation in the failing heart may reduce VAs.
    Keywords Cardiology ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Simple nutrients bypass the requirement for HLH-30 in coupling lysosomal nutrient sensing to survival.

    John T Murphy / Haiyan Liu / Xiucui Ma / Alex Shaver / Brian M Egan / Clara Oh / Alexander Boyko / Travis Mazer / Samuel Ang / Rohan Khopkar / Ali Javaheri / Sandeep Kumar / Xuntian Jiang / Daniel Ory / Kartik Mani / Scot J Matkovich / Kerry Kornfeld / Abhinav Diwan

    PLoS Biology, Vol 17, Iss 5, p e

    2019  Volume 3000245

    Abstract: Lysosomes are ubiquitous acidified organelles that degrade intracellular and extracellular material trafficked via multiple pathways. Lysosomes also sense cellular nutrient levels to regulate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a signaling enzyme that ... ...

    Abstract Lysosomes are ubiquitous acidified organelles that degrade intracellular and extracellular material trafficked via multiple pathways. Lysosomes also sense cellular nutrient levels to regulate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a signaling enzyme that drives growth and suppresses activity of the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors that control biogenesis of lysosomes. In this study, we subjected worms lacking basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 30 (hlh-30), the Caenorhabditis elegans MiT/TFE ortholog, to starvation followed by refeeding to understand how this pathway regulates survival with variable nutrient supply. Loss of HLH-30 markedly impaired survival in starved larval worms and recovery upon refeeding bacteria. Remarkably, provision of simple nutrients in a completely defined medium (C. elegans maintenance medium [CeMM]), specifically glucose and linoleic acid, restored lysosomal acidification, TOR activation, and survival with refeeding despite the absence of HLH-30. Worms deficient in lysosomal lipase 2 (lipl-2), a lysosomal enzyme that is transcriptionally up-regulated in starvation in an HLH-30-dependent manner, also demonstrated increased mortality with starvation-refeeding that was partially rescued with glucose, suggesting a critical role for LIPL-2 in lipid metabolism under starvation. CeMM induced transcription of vacuolar proton pump subunits in hlh-30 mutant worms, and knockdown of vacuolar H+-ATPase 12 (vha-12) and its upstream regulator, nuclear hormone receptor 31 (nhr-31), abolished the rescue with CeMM. Loss of Ras-related GTP binding protein C homolog 1 RAGC-1, the ortholog for mammalian RagC/D GTPases, conferred starvation-refeeding lethality, and RAGC-1 overexpression was sufficient to rescue starved hlh-30 mutant worms, demonstrating a critical need for TOR activation with refeeding. These results show that HLH-30 activation is critical for sustaining survival during starvation-refeeding stress via regulating TOR. Glucose and linoleic acid bypass the requirement for HLH-30 in ...
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Exploiting macrophage autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis as a therapy for atherosclerosis

    Ismail Sergin / Trent D. Evans / Xiangyu Zhang / Somashubhra Bhattacharya / Carl J. Stokes / Eric Song / Sahl Ali / Babak Dehestani / Karyn B. Holloway / Paul S. Micevych / Ali Javaheri / Jan R. Crowley / Andrea Ballabio / Joel D. Schilling / Slava Epelman / Conrad C. Weihl / Abhinav Diwan / Daping Fan / Mohamed A. Zayed /
    Babak Razani

    Nature Communications, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2017  Volume 20

    Abstract: Dysfunction of autophagy in plaque macrophages aggravates atherosclerosis. Here the authors show that induction of macrophage autophagy–lysosomal biogenesis either genetically by overexpression of the master transcriptional regulator of this process, ... ...

    Abstract Dysfunction of autophagy in plaque macrophages aggravates atherosclerosis. Here the authors show that induction of macrophage autophagy–lysosomal biogenesis either genetically by overexpression of the master transcriptional regulator of this process, TFEB, or pharmacologically with trehalose is atheroprotective.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Lack of MTTP Activity in Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes and Cardiomyocytes Abolishes apoB Secretion and Increases Cell Stress

    Ying Liu / Donna M. Conlon / Xin Bi / Katherine J. Slovik / Jianting Shi / Hailey I. Edelstein / John S. Millar / Ali Javaheri / Marina Cuchel / Evanthia E. Pashos / Jahangir Iqbal / M. Mahmood Hussain / Robert A. Hegele / Wenli Yang / Stephen A. Duncan / Daniel J. Rader / Edward E. Morrisey

    Cell Reports, Vol 19, Iss 7, Pp 1456-

    2017  Volume 1466

    Abstract: Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is an inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism resulting from mutations in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP). In addition to expression in the liver and intestine, MTTP is expressed in cardiomyocytes, and ... ...

    Abstract Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is an inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism resulting from mutations in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP). In addition to expression in the liver and intestine, MTTP is expressed in cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyopathy has been reported in several ABL cases. Using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from an ABL patient homozygous for a missense mutation (MTTPR46G), we show that human hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes exhibit defects associated with ABL disease, including loss of apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion and intracellular accumulation of lipids. MTTPR46G iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes failed to secrete apoB, accumulated intracellular lipids, and displayed increased cell death, suggesting intrinsic defects in lipid metabolism due to loss of MTTP function. Importantly, these phenotypes were reversed after the correction of the MTTPR46G mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Together, these data reveal clear cellular defects in iPSC-derived hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes lacking MTTP activity, including a cardiomyocyte-specific regulated stress response to elevated lipids.
    Keywords abetaliproteinemia ; induced pluripotent stem cells ; iPSC-derived hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes ; lipid accumulation ; apoB ; cardiac stress ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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