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  1. Article ; Online: Chemical Structures and Pharmacological Profiles of Ginseng Saponins

    Ze-Yu Shi / Jin-Zhang Zeng / Alice Sze Tsai Wong

    Molecules, Vol 24, Iss 13, p

    2019  Volume 2443

    Abstract: Ginseng is a group of cosmopolitan plants with more than a dozen species belonging to the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae that has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Among the bioactive constituents extracted from ginseng, ... ...

    Abstract Ginseng is a group of cosmopolitan plants with more than a dozen species belonging to the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae that has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Among the bioactive constituents extracted from ginseng, ginseng saponins are a group of natural steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins found exclusively throughout the plant. Studies have shown that these ginseng saponins play a significant role in exerting multiple therapeutic effects. This review covers their chemical structure and classification, as well as their pharmacological activities, including their regulatory effects on immunomodulation, their anticancer effects, and their functions in the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The general benefits of ginseng saponins for boosting physical vitality and improving quality of life are also discussed. The review concludes with fruitful directions for future research in the use of ginseng saponins as effective therapeutic agents.
    Keywords ginseng saponins ; chemical structure ; pharmacological action ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Small Activating RNA Modulation of the G Protein‐Coupled Receptor for Cancer Treatment

    Yunfang Xiong / Ran Ke / Qingyu Zhang / Wenjun Lan / Wanjun Yuan / Karol Nga Ieng Chan / Tom Roussel / Yifan Jiang / Jing Wu / Shuai Liu / Alice Sze Tsai Wong / Joong Sup Shim / Xuanjun Zhang / Ruiyu Xie / Nelson Dusetti / Juan Iovanna / Nagy Habib / Ling Peng / Leo Tsz On Lee

    Advanced Science, Vol 9, Iss 26, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Abstract G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common and important drug targets. However, >70% of GPCRs are undruggable or difficult to target using conventional chemical agonists/antagonists. Small nucleic acid molecules, which can sequence‐ ... ...

    Abstract Abstract G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common and important drug targets. However, >70% of GPCRs are undruggable or difficult to target using conventional chemical agonists/antagonists. Small nucleic acid molecules, which can sequence‐specifically modulate any gene, offer a unique opportunity to effectively expand drug targets, especially those that are undruggable or difficult to address, such as GPCRs. Here, the authors report for the first time that small activating RNAs (saRNAs) effectively modulate a GPCR for cancer treatment. Specifically, saRNAs promoting the expression of Mas receptor (MAS1), a GPCR that counteracts the classical angiotensin II pathway in cancer cell proliferation and migration, are identified. These saRNAs, delivered by an amphiphilic dendrimer vector, enhance MAS1 expression, counteracting the angiotensin II/angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 axis, and leading to significant suppression of tumorigenesis and the inhibition of tumor progression of multiple cancers in tumor‐xenografted mouse models and patient‐derived tumor models. This study provides not only a new strategy for cancer therapy by targeting the renin‐angiotensin system, but also a new avenue to modulate GPCR signaling by RNA activation.
    Keywords cancer therapies ; dendrimer vectors ; G protein‐coupled receptors ; Mas receptors (MAS1s) ; small activating RNA ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Targeting to the non-genomic activity of retinoic acid receptor-gamma by acacetin in hepatocellular carcinoma

    Wenjun Zeng / Chunyun Zhang / Hongwei Cheng / Yun-Long Wu / Jie Liu / Zekun Chen / Jian-gang Huang / Russell Erick Ericksen / Liqun Chen / Haiping Zhang / Alice Sze Tsai Wong / Xiao-kun Zhang / Weiping Han / Jin-Zhang Zeng

    Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2017  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract We recently demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARγ) is overexpressed and acts as a tumor promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The oncogenic activity of RARγ is mainly attributed to its physiological interaction with p85α ... ...

    Abstract Abstract We recently demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARγ) is overexpressed and acts as a tumor promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The oncogenic activity of RARγ is mainly attributed to its physiological interaction with p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K leading to constitutive activation of AKT. Here we report RARγ as a negative regulator of p53 signaling and thus extend the oncogenic potential of RARγ to a new role in controlling the balance between AKT and p53. A natural flavonoid acacetin is then identified to be capable of modulating RARγ-dependent AKT-p53 network. It specifically binds to RARγ and inhibits all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) stimulation of RARγ transactivation. However, the anticancer action of acacetin is independent on its modulation of RARγ-driven transcriptional activity. Acacetin induces cancer cell apoptosis through antagonizing the non-genomic effect of RARγ on AKT and p53. When bound to RARγ, acacetin prevents RARγ from its activation of AKT followed by recovery of the normal p53 signaling. Given the implication of AKT-p53 dysregulation in most HCC, targeting the non-genomic signaling of RARγ that switches AKT-p53 from a pro-survival to a pro-apoptotic program in cancer cells should be a promising strategy for developing novel anti-HCC drugs.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Hypoxia causes transgenerational impairments in reproduction of fish

    Simon Yuan Wang / Karen Lau / Keng-Po Lai / Jiang-Wen Zhang / Anna Chung-Kwan Tse / Jing-Woei Li / Yin Tong / Ting-Fung Chan / Chris Kong-Chu Wong / Jill Man-Ying Chiu / Doris Wai-Ting Au / Alice Sze-Tsai Wong / Richard Yuen-Chong Kong / Rudolf Shiu-Sun Wu

    Nature Communications, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2016  Volume 9

    Abstract: Hypoxia has diverse effects on aquatic life. Wang et al.show that reproductive defects resulting from hypoxia are epigenetically heritable in Japanese rice fish, and that this intergenerational inheritance is accompanied by differential methylation and ... ...

    Abstract Hypoxia has diverse effects on aquatic life. Wang et al.show that reproductive defects resulting from hypoxia are epigenetically heritable in Japanese rice fish, and that this intergenerational inheritance is accompanied by differential methylation and gene expression in sperm.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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