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Article ; Online: Interdisciplinary collaboration from diverse science teams can produce significant outcomes

Alison Specht / Kevin Crowston

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Scientific teams are increasingly diverse in discipline, international scope and demographics. Diversity has been found to be a driver of innovation but also can be a source of interpersonal friction. Drawing on a mixed-method study of 22 scientific ... ...

Abstract	Scientific teams are increasingly diverse in discipline, international scope and demographics. Diversity has been found to be a driver of innovation but also can be a source of interpersonal friction. Drawing on a mixed-method study of 22 scientific working groups, this paper presents evidence that team diversity has a positive impact on scientific output (i.e., the number of journal papers and citations) through the mediation of the interdisciplinarity of the collaborative process, as evidenced by publishing in and citing more diverse sources. Ironically these factors also seem to be related to lower team member satisfaction and perceived effectiveness, countered by the gender balance of the team. Qualitative data suggests additional factors that facilitate collaboration, such as trust and leadership. Our findings have implications for team design and management, as team diversity seems beneficial, but the process of integration can be difficult and needs management to lead to a productive and innovative process.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	001
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Perceived benefits of open data are improving but scientists still lack resources, skills, and rewards

Joshua Borycz / Robert Olendorf / Alison Specht / Bruce Grant / Kevin Crowston / Carol Tenopir / Suzie Allard / Natalie M. Rice / Rachael Hu / Robert J. Sandusky

Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Addressing global scientific challenges requires the widespread sharing of consistent and trustworthy research data. Identifying the factors that influence widespread data sharing will help us understand the limitations and potential leverage ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Addressing global scientific challenges requires the widespread sharing of consistent and trustworthy research data. Identifying the factors that influence widespread data sharing will help us understand the limitations and potential leverage points. We used two well-known theoretical frameworks, the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Technology Acceptance Model, to analyze three DataONE surveys published in 2011, 2015, and 2020. These surveys aimed to identify individual, social, and organizational influences on data-sharing behavior. In this paper, we report on the application of multiple factor analysis (MFA) on this combined, longitudinal, survey data to determine how these attitudes may have changed over time. The first two dimensions of the MFA were named willingness to share and satisfaction with resources based on the contributing questions and answers. Our results indicated that both dimensions are strongly influenced by individual factors such as perceived benefit, risk, and effort. Satisfaction with resources was significantly influenced by social and organizational factors such as the availability of training and data repositories. Researchers that improved in willingness to share are shown to be operating in domains with a high reliance on shared resources, are reliant on funding from national or federal sources, work in sectors where internal practices are mandated, and live in regions with highly effective communication networks. Significantly, satisfaction with resources was inversely correlated with willingness to share across all regions. We posit that this relationship results from researchers learning what resources they actually need only after engaging with the tools and procedures extensively.
Keywords	History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Springer Nature
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A story of data won, data lost and data re-found

Alison Specht / Matthew Bolton / Bryn Kingsford / Raymond Specht / Lee Belbin

Biodiversity Data Journal, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 1-

the realities of ecological data preservation

2018 Volume 26

Abstract: This paper discusses the process of retrieval and updating legacy data to allow on-line discovery and delivery. There are many pitfalls of institutional and non-institutional ecological data conservation over the long term. Interruptions to custodianship, ...

Abstract	This paper discusses the process of retrieval and updating legacy data to allow on-line discovery and delivery. There are many pitfalls of institutional and non-institutional ecological data conservation over the long term. Interruptions to custodianship, old media, lost knowledge and the continuous evolution of species names makes resurrection of old data challenging. We caution against technological arrogance and emphasise the importance of international standards. We use a case study of a compiled set of continent-wide vegetation survey data for which, although the analyses had been published, the raw data had not. In the original study, publications containing plot data collected from the 1880s onwards had been collected, interpreted, digitised and integrated for the classification of vegetation and analysis of its conservation status across Australia. These compiled data are an extremely valuable national collection that demanded publishing in open, readily accessible online repositories, such as the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (http://www.tern.org.au) and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA: http://www.ala.org.au), the Australian node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF: http://www.gbif.org). It is hoped that the lessons learnt from this project may trigger a sober review of the value of endangered data, the cost of retrieval and the importance of suitable and timely archiving through the vicissitudes of technological change, so the initial unique collection investment enables multiple re-use in perpetuity.
Keywords	data conservation ; data retrieval ; legacy data ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Synthesising the effects of land use on natural and managed landscapes

Thackway, Richard / Alison Specht

Science of the total environment. 2015 Sept. 01, v. 526

2015

Abstract: To properly manage our natural and managed landscapes, and to restore or repair degraded areas, it is important to know the changes that have taken place over time, particularly with respect to land use and its cumulative effect on ecological function. ... ...

Abstract	To properly manage our natural and managed landscapes, and to restore or repair degraded areas, it is important to know the changes that have taken place over time, particularly with respect to land use and its cumulative effect on ecological function. In common with many places in the world, where the industrial revolution resulted in profound changes to land use and management, Australia's landscapes have been transformed in the last 200years. Initially the VAST (Vegetation Assets, States and Transitions) system was developed to describe and map changes in vegetation over time through a series of condition states or classes; here we describe an enhancement to the VAST method which will enable identification of the factors contributing to those changes in state as a result of changes in management practice. The âVAST-2â system provides a structure in which to compile, interpret and sequence a range of data about past management practices, their effect on site and vegetation condition. Alongside a systematic chronology of land use and management, a hierarchy of indices is used to build a picture of the condition of the vegetation through time: 22 indicators within ten criteria representing three components of vegetation conditionâregenerative capacity, vegetation structure and species compositionâare scored using information from a variety of sources. These indicators are assessed relative to a pre-European reference state, either actual or synthetic. Each component is weighted proportionally to its contribution to the whole, determined through expert opinion. These weighted condition components are used to produce an aggregated transformation score for the vegetation. The application of this system to a range of sites selected across Australia's tropical, sub-tropical and temperate bioregions is presented, illustrating the utility of the system. Notably, the method accommodates a range of different types of information to be aggregated.
Keywords	ecological function ; expert opinion ; land use change ; land use planning ; landscapes ; utilities ; vegetation ; vegetation structure ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0901
Size	p. 136-152.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.070
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Reprint of: Synthesising the effects of land use on natural and managed landscapes

Thackway, Richard / Alison Specht

Science of the total environment. 2015 Nov. 15, v. 534

2015

Abstract	To properly manage our natural and managed landscapes, and to restore or repair degraded areas, it is important to know the changes that have taken place over time, particularly with respect to land use and its cumulative effect on ecological function. In common with many places in the world, where the industrial revolution resulted in profound changes to land use and management, Australia's landscapes have been transformed in the last 200years. Initially the VAST (Vegetation Assets, States and Transitions) system was developed to describe and map changes in vegetation over time through a series of condition states or classes; here we describe an enhancement to the VAST method which will enable identification of the factors contributing to those changes in state as a result of changes in management practice. The âVAST-2â system provides a structure in which to compile, interpret and sequence a range of data about past management practices, their effect on site and vegetation condition. Alongside a systematic chronology of land use and management, a hierarchy of indices is used to build a picture of the condition of the vegetation through time: 22 indicators within ten criteria representing three components of vegetation conditionâregenerative capacity, vegetation structure and species compositionâare scored using information from a variety of sources. These indicators are assessed relative to a pre-European reference state, either actual or synthetic. Each component is weighted proportionally to its contribution to the whole, determined through expert opinion. These weighted condition components are used to produce an aggregated transformation score for the vegetation. The application of this system to a range of sites selected across Australia's tropical, sub-tropical and temperate bioregions is presented, illustrating the utility of the system. Notably, the method accommodates a range of different types of information to be aggregated.
Keywords	ecological function ; expert opinion ; land use change ; land use planning ; landscapes ; utilities ; vegetation ; vegetation structure ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-1115
Size	p. 14-30.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.093
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Deep-Learning Method for the Prediction of Socio-Economic Indicators from Street-View Imagery Using a Case Study from Brazil

Jeaneth Machicao / Alison Specht / Danton Vellenich / Leandro Meneguzzi / Romain David / Shelley Stall / Katia Ferraz / Laurence Mabile / Margaret O’Brien / Pedro Corrêa

Data Science Journal, Vol 21, Iss

2022 Volume 1

Abstract: Socioeconomic indicators are essential to help design and monitor the impact of public policies on society. Such indicators are usually obtained through census data collected at 10-year intervals, which are not only temporally coarse but expensive. Over ... ...

Abstract	Socioeconomic indicators are essential to help design and monitor the impact of public policies on society. Such indicators are usually obtained through census data collected at 10-year intervals, which are not only temporally coarse but expensive. Over recent years other ways of collecting data and producing these indicators have been explored, in particular using the new surveillance capabilities that remote observations can provide. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the assessment of socioeconomic indicators using street-view imagery, through a case study conducted in a region of Brazil, the Vale do Ribeira, one of the poorest semi-rural regions in Brazil. In this study we used socioeconomic indicators collected by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and used Google Street View (GSV) images as our source of remote observations. A pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to predict socio-economic indicators from GSV. To evaluate the performance of the classifier, we performed five-fold cross-validation between the predicted indicator and its true value. The best performance was obtained for the highest income class, with 80% of correct prediction. We conclude that the method has the potential to predict socioeconomic indicators across a large area with social challenges such as Vale do Ribeira, and that the network model is general enough to be used even when the imagery dataset is from semi-rural areas. This demonstrates the applicability of GSV datasets for similar settings and perhaps ensuring their replicability, which is a scientific requirement that requires further experimentation/evaluation.
Keywords	socioeconomic indicators ; deep-learning ; data science ; google street view ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Subject code	001
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Attitudes and norms affecting scientists' data reuse.

Renata Gonçalves Curty / Kevin Crowston / Alison Specht / Bruce W Grant / Elizabeth D Dalton

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 12, p e

2017 Volume 0189288

Abstract: The value of sharing scientific research data is widely appreciated, but factors that hinder or prompt the reuse of data remain poorly understood. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action, we test the relationship between the beliefs and attitudes of ... ...

Abstract	The value of sharing scientific research data is widely appreciated, but factors that hinder or prompt the reuse of data remain poorly understood. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action, we test the relationship between the beliefs and attitudes of scientists towards data reuse, and their self-reported data reuse behaviour. To do so, we used existing responses to selected questions from a worldwide survey of scientists developed and administered by the DataONE Usability and Assessment Working Group (thus practicing data reuse ourselves). Results show that the perceived efficacy and efficiency of data reuse are strong predictors of reuse behaviour, and that the perceived importance of data reuse corresponds to greater reuse. Expressed lack of trust in existing data and perceived norms against data reuse were not found to be major impediments for reuse contrary to our expectations. We found that reported use of models and remotely-sensed data was associated with greater reuse. The results suggest that data reuse would be encouraged and normalized by demonstration of its value. We offer some theoretical and practical suggestions that could help to legitimize investment and policies in favor of data sharing.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessment, Usability, and Sociocultural Impacts of DataONE

Robert J. Sandusky / Suzie Allard / Lynn Baird / Leah Cannon / Kevin Crowston / Amy Forrester / Bruce Grant / Rachael Hu / Robert Olendorf / Danielle Pollock / Alison Specht / Carol Tenopir / Rachel Volentine

International Journal of Digital Curation, Vol 16, Iss

2021 Volume 1

Abstract: DataONE, funded from 2009-2019 by the U.S. National Science Foundation, is an early example of a large-scale project that built both a cyberinfrastructure and culture of data discovery, sharing, and reuse. DataONE used a Working Group model, where a ... ...

Abstract	DataONE, funded from 2009-2019 by the U.S. National Science Foundation, is an early example of a large-scale project that built both a cyberinfrastructure and culture of data discovery, sharing, and reuse. DataONE used a Working Group model, where a diverse group of participants collaborated on targeted research and development activities to achieve broader project goals. This article summarizes the work carried out by two of DataONE’s working groups: Usability & Assessment (2009-2019) and Sociocultural Issues (2009-2014). The activities of these working groups provide a unique longitudinal look at how scientists, librarians, and other key stakeholders engaged in convergence research to identify and analyze practices around research data management through the development of boundary objects, an iterative assessment program, and reflection. Members of the working groups disseminated their findings widely in papers, presentations, and datasets, reaching international audiences through publications in 25 different journals and presentations to over 5,000 people at interdisciplinary venues. The working groups helped inform the DataONE cyberinfrastructure and influenced the evolving data management landscape. By studying working groups over time, the paper also presents lessons learned about the working group model for global large-scale projects that bring together participants from multiple disciplines and communities in convergence research.
Keywords	Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ; Z
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Edinburgh
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Perceived discontinuities and continuities in transdisciplinary scientific working groups

Crowston, Kevin / Alison Specht / Carol Hoover / Katherine M. Chudoba / Mary Beth Watson-Manheim

Science of the total environment. 2015 Nov. 15, v. 534

2015

Abstract: We examine the DataONE (Data Observation Network for Earth) project, a transdisciplinary organization tasked with creating a cyberinfrastructure platform to ensure preservation of and access to environmental science and biological science data. Its ... ...

Abstract	We examine the DataONE (Data Observation Network for Earth) project, a transdisciplinary organization tasked with creating a cyberinfrastructure platform to ensure preservation of and access to environmental science and biological science data. Its objective was a difficult one to achieve, requiring innovative solutions. The DataONE project used a working group structure to organize its members. We use organizational discontinuity theory as our lens to understand the factors associated with success in such projects. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from DataONE members, we offer recommendations for the use of working groups in transdisciplinary synthesis. Recommendations include welcome diverse opinions and world views, establish shared communication practices, schedule periodic synchronous face-to-face meetings, and ensure the active participation of bridge builders or knowledge brokers such as librarians who know how to ask questions about disciplines not their own.
Keywords	attitudes and opinions ; collective action ; cooperative research ; data collection ; databases ; environmental science ; problem solving
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-1115
Size	p. 159-172.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.121
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Initial observations of a population of Mitchell's Rainforest Snail Thersites mitchellae Cox 1864

Andrade, Lira / Anouk Klootwijk / Jonathan Parkyn / Alison Specht

Australian zoologist. 2011 Jan. 1, v. 35, no. 3

2011

Abstract: Mitchell's Rainforest Snail Thersites mitchellae Cox 1864 is listed as âendangeredâ under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, as âcritically endangeredâ under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, and ... ...

Abstract	>Mitchell's Rainforest Snail Thersites mitchellae Cox 1864 is listed as âendangeredâ under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, as âcritically endangeredâ under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, and is on the IUCN Red List. Over the last 30 years, fewer than 20 live snails have been formally recorded in Museum and National Parks records. From the discovery of shells of the species, and a known habitat at Stotts Island in the Tweed River, it is understood that the species is highly specific in its habitat preference, occurring in âLowland Rainforest on Floodplainâ and the margins of Melaleuca quinquenervia swamps in northern New South Wales, Australia. âLowland Rainforests on Floodplainâ is itself listed as an endangered community. In this paper an initial description of the behaviour of the first substantial population discovered beyond Stotts Island is described. Like many land snails it was found to be nocturnal and sensitive to light. It appears to be highly sensitive to atmospheric humidity, and while active was mainly found on logs and leaf litter. Suggestions are made for profitable future studies that would provide a better understanding of its behaviour and habitat requirements, and consequently facilitate further discovery of the species and contribute to its conservation.
Keywords	Melaleuca quinquenervia ; biodiversity ; floodplains ; habitat preferences ; habitats ; humidity ; plant litter ; rain forests ; snails ; swamps ; threatened species ; Thersites mitchellae ; Mitchell's Rainforest Snail ; land snail ; mollusc ; behaviour ; habitat ; Melaleuca quinquenervia ; New South Wales
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-0101
Size	p. 590-598.
Publishing place	Royal Zoological Society of NSW
Document type	Article
ISSN	0067-2238
DOI	10.7882/AZ.2011.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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