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Article ; Online: Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.

Noor Eddin, Ahmed / Alfuwais, Mohammed / Noor Eddin, Reena / Alkattan, Khaled / Yaqinuddin, Ahmed

2024 Volume 16, Issue 5

Abstract: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a highly fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive wasting and paralysis of voluntary muscle. Despite extensive research, the etiology of ALS remains elusive, and effective treatment options ... ...

Abstract	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a highly fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive wasting and paralysis of voluntary muscle. Despite extensive research, the etiology of ALS remains elusive, and effective treatment options are limited. However, recent evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and gut-brain axis (GBA) dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis. Alterations to the composition and diversity of microbial communities within the gut flora have been consistently observed in ALS patients. These changes are often correlated with disease progression and patient outcome, suggesting that GBA modulation may have therapeutic potential. Indeed, targeting the gut microbiota has been shown to be neuroprotective in several animal models, alleviating motor symptoms and mitigating disease progression. However, the translation of these findings to human patients is challenging due to the complexity of ALS pathology and the varying diversity of gut microbiota. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on ALS-related gut dysbiosis, focusing on the implications of GBA dysfunction. It delineates three main mechanisms by which dysbiosis contributes to ALS pathology: compromised intestinal barrier integrity, metabolic dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. It also examines preclinical evidence on the therapeutic potential of gut-microbiota-modulating agents (categorized as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) in ALS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology ; Dysbiosis/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Microbiota ; Disease Progression
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu16050590
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Tackling the glial scar in spinal cord regeneration: new discoveries and future directions.

Shafqat, Areez / Albalkhi, Ibrahem / Magableh, Hamzah M / Saleh, Tariq / Alkattan, Khaled / Yaqinuddin, Ahmed

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1180825

Abstract: Axonal regeneration and functional recovery are poor after spinal cord injury (SCI), typified by the formation of an injury scar. While this scar was traditionally believed to be primarily responsible for axonal regeneration failure, current knowledge ... ...

Abstract	Axonal regeneration and functional recovery are poor after spinal cord injury (SCI), typified by the formation of an injury scar. While this scar was traditionally believed to be primarily responsible for axonal regeneration failure, current knowledge takes a more holistic approach that considers the intrinsic growth capacity of axons. Targeting the SCI scar has also not reproducibly yielded nearly the same efficacy in animal models compared to these neuron-directed approaches. These results suggest that the major reason behind central nervous system (CNS) regeneration failure is not the injury scar but a failure to stimulate axon growth adequately. These findings raise questions about whether targeting neuroinflammation and glial scarring still constitute viable translational avenues. We provide a comprehensive review of the dual role of neuroinflammation and scarring after SCI and how future research can produce therapeutic strategies targeting the hurdles to axonal regeneration posed by these processes without compromising neuroprotection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2023.1180825
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations on the Efficacy of Antibody Therapy and Response to Vaccines.

Yaqinuddin, Ahmed / Shafqat, Areez / Kashir, Junaid / Alkattan, Khaled

Vaccines

2021 Volume 9, Issue 8

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, which has led to significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Since its emergence, extensive prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures have been employed to successfully prevent the spread ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, which has led to significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Since its emergence, extensive prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures have been employed to successfully prevent the spread of COVID-19. Extensive work has been undertaken on using monoclonal antibody therapies, mass vaccination programs, and antiviral drugs to prevent and treat COVID-19. However, since antiviral drugs could take years to become widely available, immunotherapy and vaccines currently appear to be the most feasible option. In December 2020, the first vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and, subsequently, many other vaccines were approved for use by different international regulators in different countries. Most monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines target the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike (S) protein. Recently, mutant (or variant) SARS-CoV-2 strains with increased infectivity and virulence that evade protective host antibodies present either due to infection, antibody therapy, or vaccine administration have emerged. In this manuscript, we discuss the different monoclonal antibody and vaccine therapies available against COVID-19 and how the efficacy of these therapies is affected by the emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss strategies that might help society cope with variants that could neutralize the effects of immunotherapy and escape the protective immunity conferred by vaccines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines9080914
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Fertilization, Oocyte Activation, Calcium Release and Epigenetic Remodelling: Lessons From Cancer Models.

Shafqat, Areez / Kashir, Junaid / Alsalameh, Sulaiman / Alkattan, Khaled / Yaqinuddin, Ahmed

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 781953

Abstract: Oocyte activation deficiency (OAD) is the basis of Total Fertilisation Failure (TFF) and is attributed to mutations in the PLCζ gene-termed male factor infertility. This derives abnormal ... ...

Abstract	Oocyte activation deficiency (OAD) is the basis of Total Fertilisation Failure (TFF) and is attributed to mutations in the PLCζ gene-termed male factor infertility. This derives abnormal Ca
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2022.781953
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Article: Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review.

Omer, Mohamed H / Shafqat, Areez / Ahmad, Omar / Alkattan, Khaled / Yaqinuddin, Ahmed / Damlaj, Moussab

Cancers

2023 Volume 15, Issue 18

Abstract: Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies. By directing T cells towards specific tumor antigens, BiTEs and BiAbs facilitate the T-cell-mediated lysis of ... ...

Abstract	Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies. By directing T cells towards specific tumor antigens, BiTEs and BiAbs facilitate the T-cell-mediated lysis of neoplastic cells. The success of blinatumomab, a CD19xCD3 BiTE, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia spearheaded the expansive development of BiTEs/BiAbs in the context of hematological neoplasms. Nearly a decade later, numerous BiTEs/BiAbs targeting a range of tumor-associated antigens have transpired in the treatment of multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite their generally favorable safety profiles, particular toxicities such as infections, cytokine release syndrome, myelosuppression, and neurotoxicity after BiAb/BiTE therapy raise valid concerns. Moreover, target antigen loss and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of hematological neoplasms facilitate resistance towards BiTEs/BiAbs. This review aims to highlight the most recent evidence from clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of BiAbs/BiTEs. Additionally, the review will provide mechanistic insights into the limitations of BiAbs whilst outlining practical applications and strategies to overcome these limitations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers15184550
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Unveiling the Web: Exploring the Multifaceted Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Ocular Health and Disease.

Adeeb, Salma / Arabi, Tarek Ziad / Shah, Hassan / Alsalameh, Sulaiman / Abu-Shaar, Mylia / El-Sibai, Abduljalil Mohamed / Alkattan, Khaled / Yaqinuddin, Ahmed

Journal of clinical medicine

2024 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an essential role in antimicrobial defense. However, NETs have also been shown to promote and mediate a wide spectrum of diseases, including cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and ocular ... ...

Abstract	Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an essential role in antimicrobial defense. However, NETs have also been shown to promote and mediate a wide spectrum of diseases, including cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and ocular diseases. Data regarding NETs in ocular diseases remain limited. In physiological conditions, NETs protect the eye from debris and cleave proinflammatory cytokines, including several interleukins. On the other hand, NETs play a role in corneal diseases, such as dry eye disease and ocular graft-versus-host disease, where they promote acinar atrophy and delayed wound healing. Additionally, NET levels positively correlate with increased severity of uveitis. NETs have also been described in the context of diabetic retinopathy. Although increased NET biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of the disease, NETs also assist in the elimination of pathological blood vessels and the regeneration of normal vessels. Targeting NET pathways for the treatment of ocular diseases has shown promising outcomes; however, more studies are still needed in this regard. In this article, we summarize the literature on the protective roles of NETs in the eye. Then, we describe their pathogenetic effects in ocular diseases, including those of the cornea, uvea, and retinal blood vessels. Finally, we describe the therapeutic implications of targeting NETs in such conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm13020512
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Unraveling the epigenetic fabric of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Jazieh, Cham / Arabi, Tarek Ziad / Asim, Zohaib / Sabbah, Belal Nedal / Alsaud, Aljohara Waleed / Alkattan, Khaled / Yaqinuddin, Ahmed

Frontiers in endocrinology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1295967

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health concern, with its prevalence projected to increase significantly in the near future. This review delves into the intricate role of epigenetic modifications - including DNA methylation, ...

Abstract	Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health concern, with its prevalence projected to increase significantly in the near future. This review delves into the intricate role of epigenetic modifications - including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression - in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. We critically examine how these epigenetic changes contribute to the onset and exacerbation of T2DM by influencing key pathogenic processes such as obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in T2DM-associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. This review highlights recent studies that underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications in T2DM. We also provide an overview of the impact of lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet on the epigenetic landscape of T2DM, underscoring their relevance in disease management. Our synthesis of the current literature aims to illuminate the complex epigenetic underpinnings of T2DM, offering insights into novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that could revolutionize its management.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; DNA Methylation ; Obesity/complications ; Diet
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2024.1295967
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Saudi Medical Licensure Examination-Clinical Skills (SMLE-CS): A Call for Implementation.

Abu-Zaid, Ahmed / Salem, Hany / Alkattan, Khaled

Journal of family medicine and primary care

2020 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–15

Abstract: The Saudi Commission for Heath Specialties (SCFHS) was founded in 1992 to nationally regulate healthcare-related practices and accreditation. Specifically, SCFHS is the official organization that principally oversees the postgraduate residency training ... ...

Abstract	The Saudi Commission for Heath Specialties (SCFHS) was founded in 1992 to nationally regulate healthcare-related practices and accreditation. Specifically, SCFHS is the official organization that principally oversees the postgraduate residency training programs (RTPs). A crucial aim of SCFHS is to warrant that medical graduates, prior to their enrollment into RTPs as first-year resident physicians, have national minimum entry standards of learning competencies to practice safe and effective healthcare. Generally, there are three primary domains of learning competencies that should be assessed, namely: theoretical clinical knowledge, practical clinical skills and professional attitudes. SCFHS primarily evaluates the theoretical clinical knowledge of applicants through the administration of the Saudi Medical Licensure Examination (SMLE) and we call on SCFHS to rename the conventional SMLE to SMLE-Clinical Knowledge (CK), or shortly abbreviated as SMLE-CK. On the other hand, to date, there is no examination administered by the SCFHS that assesses the applicants' competencies of practical clinical skills and professional attitudes prior to admission to RTPs. Herein, we call on SCFHS to formally incorporate a mandatory national practical licensure examination. The suggested name is the SMLE-Clinical Skills (CS), or shortly abbreviated as SMLE-CS. The purpose, structure, content, rationale, potential counteractive views and future research directions regarding the SMLE-CS are presented. This proposal is not limited to Saudi Arabia only, and it may be contemplated by the other countries, too.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-28
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735275-4
ISSN	2278-7135 ; 2249-4863
ISSN (online)	2278-7135
ISSN	2249-4863
DOI	10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_128_19
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Right Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Enucleation of a Calcified Esophageal Leiomyoma: A Case Report.

Alsinan, Tuqa Adil / Robaidi, Hassan Ahmad / Alkattan, Khaled Manaa

The American journal of case reports

2020 Volume 21, Page(s) e922422

Abstract: BACKGROUND Benign esophageal tumors are considered rare, and most commonly are leiomyomas with the incidence of 0.005%. They arise intramurally in the distal two-thirds of the esophagus and are multiple in about 5% of patients. Leiomyoma lesions can ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND Benign esophageal tumors are considered rare, and most commonly are leiomyomas with the incidence of 0.005%. They arise intramurally in the distal two-thirds of the esophagus and are multiple in about 5% of patients. Leiomyoma lesions can mimic esophageal cancer making the diagnosis more challenging. Many cases are asymptomatic, up to 15%-50%, and most cases are discovered incidentally during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and other procedures. The treatment of choice for symptomatic leiomyomas to relieve the compression is surgical enucleation with either an open thoracotomy, submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection, a video-assisted thoracoscopic approach (VATS), or with robotic techniques. CASE REPORT Here we report a case of a 53-year-old Saudi female patient who presented with dysphagia which had been ongoing for a long time. There were no other associated symptoms such as dyspepsia, nausea, or vomiting. She was diagnosed with a calcified leiomyoma of the esophagus based on a computed tomography (CT) scan and an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) finding. After thorough investigations and workups, the management plan was taken at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre by preforming a right video-assisted thoracoscopic enucleation. CONCLUSIONS The aim of this case report was to add to the literature by reporting the satisfactory outcomes of right video-assisted enucleation contrary to other surgical approaches that have been discussed in the literature.
MeSH term(s)	Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging ; Calcinosis/surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/diagnostic imaging ; Leiomyoma/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2517183-5
ISSN	1941-5923 ; 1941-5923
ISSN (online)	1941-5923
ISSN	1941-5923
DOI	10.12659/AJCR.922422
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Challenges to Online Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Rajab, Mohammad H / Gazal, Abdalla M / Alkattan, Khaled

Cureus

2020 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) e8966

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of our lives, including education and the economy, as we know it. Governments have issued stay-at-home directives, and as a result, colleges and universities have been shut down ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of our lives, including education and the economy, as we know it. Governments have issued stay-at-home directives, and as a result, colleges and universities have been shut down across the world. Hence, online classes have become a key component in the continuity of education. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online education at the College of Medicine (COM) of Alfaisal University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Between March and April 2020, we emailed a survey to 1,289 students and faculty members of the COM. We obtained 208 responses (16.1%); 54.8% of the respondents were females, and 66.8% were medical students; 14.9% were master's students, and 18.3% were faculty. Among the respondents, 41.8% reported having little or no online teaching/learning experience before the pandemic, and 62.5% preferred blending online and face-to-face instruction. The reported challenges to online medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic included issues related to communication (59%), student assessment (57.5%), use of technology tools (56.5%), online experience (55%), pandemic-related anxiety or stress (48%), time management (35%), and technophobia (17%). Despite these challenges, most of the respondents (70.7%) believed that the COVID-19 pandemic has boosted their confidence in the effectiveness of online medical education. Consequently, 76% of participants intended to integrate the online expertise garnered during the pandemic into their practice. In short, the modern study demonstrated a largely positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online medical education.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.8966
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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