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Article ; Online: Straw Incorporation in Contaminated Soil Enhances Drought Tolerance but Simultaneously Increases the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Rice

Rizwan Ahmad / Fazal Hadi / Amin Ullah Jan / Allah Ditta

Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 10578, p

2022 Volume 10578

Abstract: Heavy metals (HMs) and drought stress are worldwide issues of concern because of their adverse effects on the growth and productivity of rice. Straw burning causes air pollution via greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and it requires sustainable management. ... ...

Abstract	Heavy metals (HMs) and drought stress are worldwide issues of concern because of their adverse effects on the growth and productivity of rice. Straw burning causes air pollution via greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and it requires sustainable management. The introduction of HMs into the food chain poses a major health risk to humans. In this regard, straw incorporation into the soil could reduce air pollution and drought stress. However, its simultaneous impact on HMs’ uptake and drought stress tolerance in crops is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of rice straw incorporation in soil on HMs (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Fe) availability, accumulation, and drought stress tolerance in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grown in pots under glasshouse conditions. The soil samples were collected from a non-contaminated agricultural field (control) and the contaminated field, irrigated with industrial effluent and treated with straw. Straw (1% w/w ) was mixed in soils and control plants without straw application were grown under both contaminated and normal soil conditions. The results showed that straw incorporation in soils significantly enhanced the accumulation of HMs in rice grain and other vegetative parts of rice as compared to control. Moreover, straw application harmed chlorophyll and carotenoids. Straw application significantly increased proline in leaves (274.0 µg mL −1 ) as compared to the control (166.8 µg mL −1 ). Relative water contents were higher in straw-treated plants, thereby increasing drought stress tolerance. Straw application increased the accumulation of HMs and consequently reduced the biomass of the plant. In conclusion, straw incorporation enhanced drought stress tolerance but simultaneously elevated the accumulation of HMs under contaminated soil in Oryza sativa L.
Keywords	drought stress ; heavy metals ; polyethylene glycol ; proline ; rice ; straw incorporation ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Nutritional, Medicinal, and Cosmetic Value of Bioactive Compounds in Button Mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus )

Muhammad Usman / Ghulam Murtaza / Allah Ditta

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 13, p

A Review

2021 Volume 5943

Abstract: Fungi are vital to numerous industrial and household processes, especially producing cheeses, beer, wine, and bread, and they are accountable for breaking down organic matter. The remarkable medicinal and nutritional values of the mushrooms have ... ...

Abstract	Fungi are vital to numerous industrial and household processes, especially producing cheeses, beer, wine, and bread, and they are accountable for breaking down organic matter. The remarkable medicinal and nutritional values of the mushrooms have increased their consumption. Agaricus bisporus belongs to the Agaricaceae family, and it is a top-ranked cultivated mushroom that is well known for its edibility. A. bisporus is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, amino acids, fats, and minerals and has potential anticancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammation properties. The bioactive compounds extracted from this mushroom can be used for the treatment of several common human diseases including cancer, bacterial and fungal infections, diabetes, heart disorder, and skin problems. A. bisporus has opened new horizons for the world to explore mushrooms as far as their culinary and medicinal values are concerned. In recent years, tyrosinase and ergothioneine have been extracted from this mushroom, which has made this mushroom worth considering more for nutritional and medicinal purposes. To emphasize various aspects of A. bisporus , a comprehensive review highlighting the nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic values and finding out the research gaps is presented. In this way, it would be possible to improve the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds in A. bisporus , ultimately contributing to the discovery of new drugs and the responsible mechanisms. In the present review, we summarize the latest advancements regarding the nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic properties of A. bisporus . Moreover, research gaps with future research directions are also discussed.
Keywords	Agaricus bisporus ; culinary ; bioactive compounds ; tyrosinase ; ergothioneine ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Comparison of Two Different Sizes of Endotracheal Tracheal Tube for Postoperative Sore Throat in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgeries.

Ali, Sadia / Khan, Ahsun / Ashfaq, Allah Ditta

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e12896

Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to compare two different sizes of an endotracheal tube (ETT), with inner diameters (ID) of 6.5 mm and 7.5 mm, for the frequency of postoperative sore throat in patients undergoing elective breast cancer surgery. ... ...

Abstract	Objective The purpose of this study was to compare two different sizes of an endotracheal tube (ETT), with inner diameters (ID) of 6.5 mm and 7.5 mm, for the frequency of postoperative sore throat in patients undergoing elective breast cancer surgery. Methodology This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center from December 3, 2016, to February 3, 2017. This study included 110 patients, 55 from each group, who were selected from the elective surgery list fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Group A patients were intubated with 6.5-mm ID ETTs and group B patients with 7.5-mm ID ETTs. All patients were carefully extubated in the operating room when fulfilling extubation criteria. Any concerns of sore throat were recorded 24 hours postoperatively. All relevant data were recorded on a pro forma. Results In this study, the mean age was 46.6 ± 13.2 years (range: 18-65 years). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.50 ± 07.12 kg/m
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.12896
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Transgenerational effects of pyriproxyfen in a field strain of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

Iqbal, Naeem / Sadiq, Nauman / Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir / Usman, Muhammad / Khan, Hafiz Azhar Ali / Abid, Allah Ditta / Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0300922

Abstract: Musca domestica L. (Muscidae: Diptera) is a human and livestock pest especially in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Different insecticides have been used to control this pest that pose serious harmful effects on humans and the environment. The current ... ...

Abstract	Musca domestica L. (Muscidae: Diptera) is a human and livestock pest especially in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Different insecticides have been used to control this pest that pose serious harmful effects on humans and the environment. The current study was planned to investigate the effects of two concentrations (LC25 and LC50) of pyriproxyfen on biological and population parameters of a field strain of M. domestica. The exposed parents (F0) and their progeny (F1) were studied to examine the transgenerational effects. The results indicated that preadult duration was higher in control (13.68 days) compared to LC50 treated individuals (12.44 days). The male and female longevity was relatively lower in the LC25 treated population i.e. 24.62 and 26.62 days, respectively. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) and total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) values were higher in the LC25 treated individuals than those of control. Moreover, oviposition days and fecundity were reduced in the treated individuals as compared to the control treatment. A gradual decrease in the net reproductive rate (R0) was observed (8.46-14.07 per day) while the value of R0 was significantly higher in control. The results suggested that pyriproxyfen can be effectively utilized and incorporated in the management programs of M. domestica.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Houseflies ; Muscidae ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Reproduction ; Insecticides/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	pyriproxyfen (3Q9VOR705O) ; Pyridines ; Insecticides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0300922
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Eggs among Stray Dogs in Sulaimani Province—Kurdistan, Iraq

Hazhar M. Aziz / Abdullah A. Hama / Mariwan A. Hama Salih / Allah Ditta

Veterinary Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 151, p

2022 Volume 151

Abstract: The main goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus among stray dogs, as well as its potential impact on the environmental contamination in the Kurdistan-Iraq using microscopic examination and the Copro-PCR method. The ... ...

Abstract	The main goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus among stray dogs, as well as its potential impact on the environmental contamination in the Kurdistan-Iraq using microscopic examination and the Copro-PCR method. The presence of taeniid eggs was recorded in 400 dog faeces collected from the four different regions in the Sulaimani Governorate. The parasite eggs were recovered from fresh and aged faecal samples of the dogs using two isolation techniques, a flotation method (Sheather’s solution, modified; specific gravity: d = 1.27) and a sedimentation method (formal-ether) in which the sediments from dog faeces were collected. Both methods were used for Copro-PCR to detect the presence of Echinococcus species egg through DNA using common primers designed to amplify a partial gene of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX 1 ). The results of the microscopic examination showed a higher prevalence rate, i.e., 97 (24.25%) of E. granulosus among stray dogs generally in Sulaimani Governorate. The prevalence of E. granulosus among stray dogs according to the district area was 40, 24, 23, and 20.8% in Rzgari, Kalar, Sulaimani, and Halabja, respectively. The positive samples ( n = 50) were selected for molecular confirmation, the DNA was extracted from the sediment of the positive samples and 40 (80%) samples were successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The sequences show that all samples belong to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (G 1 –G 3 ), with slight genetic variation. It was concluded that the sediment of dog faeces can be used for DNA extraction, which is a new method that increases the sensitivity of the test, and the amount of DNA yield would be higher than the routine method, which directly uses faeces of the dogs. In addition, the molecular diagnosis was more sensitive than the microscope examination for the presence of E. granulosus eggs. The prevalence of E. granulosus in both the final hosts and the intermediate hosts must be regularly monitored.
Keywords	Echinococcus granulosus ; molecular identification ; PCR ; stray dogs ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A secure and size efficient algorithm to enhance data hiding capacity and security of cover text by using unicode

Allah Ditta / Muhammad Azeem / Shahid Naseem / Khurram Gulzar Rana / Muhammad Adnan Khan / Zafar Iqbal

Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 34, Iss 5, Pp 2180-

2022 Volume 2191

Abstract: With the advancement of technology, the maximum data hiding capacity and security of cover objects have become a very challenging task for researchers, particularly in text carrier. Text carrier depicts low hiding capacity but more secure for the ... ...

Abstract	With the advancement of technology, the maximum data hiding capacity and security of cover objects have become a very challenging task for researchers, particularly in text carrier. Text carrier depicts low hiding capacity but more secure for the detection of confidential information. It demands novelty in data hiding algorithms. In this regard, a novel algorithm is proposed by using steganography and cryptography together for the enhancement of capacity and security of confidential data. The recommended algorithm uses a linguistic steganography method to conceal data into the Arabic text carrier. In the described algorithm, the identification of secret information from text files is hard due to less redundant bits in the text as compared to the image, audio, and video steganographic mediums. The current solution uses Unicode characters such as Zero-Width-Character (ZWC) and Zero-Width-Joiner (ZWJ) to hide the secret information. Before hiding confidential information, secret data is encrypted by using bit inversion due to which algorithm achieved high security. It is observed from the simulation results that the proposed algorithm successfully achieved high cover medium capacity, security, and robustness.
Keywords	Text Steganography ; Data communication ; Unicode ; Arabic text ; Cryptography ; Data security ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	005 ; 006
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The Optimization of Operational Variables of Electrochemical Water Disinfection Using Response Surface Methodology

Allah Ditta / Asif Nadeem Tabish / Iqra Farhat / Luqman Razzaq / Yasser Fouad / Sajjad Miran / Muhammad Abbas Mujtaba / Muhammad Abul Kalam

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 4390, p

2023 Volume 4390

Abstract: The electrochemical treatment of canal water was investigated in a batch-wise system in the presence of stainless steel 316-grade electrodes. Three effective process parameters, including current density, reaction time, and electrode spacing, were ... ...

Abstract	The electrochemical treatment of canal water was investigated in a batch-wise system in the presence of stainless steel 316-grade electrodes. Three effective process parameters, including current density, reaction time, and electrode spacing, were evaluated in the range of 0.25–2.5 mA/cm 2 , 1–10 min, and 0.5–2.5 cm, respectively. Operational variables of electrochemical disinfection are optimized in response surface methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design. Before electrochemical disinfection, a pretreatment process of coagulants mixing for turbidity removal was conducted. Results revealed that a 10 ppm dosage of Ferric chloride (FeCl 3 .6H 2 O) and alum (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·16H 2 O) at neutral pH is appropriate. Furthermore, the RSM analysis shows that interelectrode spacing is the most prominent factor affecting the disinfection performance, and increasing electrode spacing inversely affects the disinfection efficiency. Results revealed that 1.52 mA/cm 2 current density, 6.35 min reaction time, and 1.13 cm of electrode spacing are the optimum conditions, resulting in a statistically 98.08% disinfection of the total coliform. The energy required for electrochemically disinfection of water at optimum conditions was 0.256 kWh/m 3 .
Keywords	current density ; electrochemical disinfection ; response surface methodology ; treatment time ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Eco-friendly management of wheat stripe rust through application of Bacillus subtilis in combination with plant defense activators

Muhammad Arslan Khan / Muhammad Raheel / Sajid Aleem Khan / Allah Ditta Abid / Sohail Shahzad / Hamza Zaffar Siddiqui / Muhammad Atif / Atif Hanif

Journal of King Saud University: Science, Vol 35, Iss 4, Pp 102587- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss (Pst) is one of the most important and destructive disease of wheat worldwide. In Pakistan, stipe rust appeared as epidemic and is causing huge losses to wheat production. ... ...

Abstract	Stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss (Pst) is one of the most important and destructive disease of wheat worldwide. In Pakistan, stipe rust appeared as epidemic and is causing huge losses to wheat production. However, wheat breeding programs are not sufficiently advanced to cope with the recently emerged Puccinia striiformis strains. Under this scenario, current research was carried out for safe, effective and sustainable management of stripe rust of wheat. Seven wheat varieties include Sehar-06, Galaxy-13, Abdul Sattar-02, Faisalabad-08, Johar-16, TD-1 and Ujala-16 were planted at research farm of Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan during November 2019–20 and 2020–21 to determine their response toward Puccinia striiformis. The fungicide Tilt®, propiconazole, (T2) at the rate of 3 mL per 1500 mL water was used while the Bacillus subtilis (T1) was added at rate of 0.25 mL/1500 mL water with 15 g of dextrose, 0.25 g of chitosan and 0.25 g of salicylic acid in 1500 mL water to make a fine suspension. Our results showed that T1 reduced the disease effectively up to (8.18%) followed by T2 (10.7%) as compared to T0 (23.8%). The correlation between minimum air temperature, relative humidity and disease severity was highly significant while with maximum air temperature it was negatively non-significant. Also, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall showed non-significant correlation with disease severity. After treatment, application of T1 and T2, minimum air temperature expressed a significant correlation with disease severity on varieties Sehar-2006, Galaxy-13 and Abdul Sattar-02 while non-significant correlation with disease severity on varieties Faisalabad-08, Johar-16, TD-1 and Ujala-16. Similarly, maximum air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation showed non-significant correlation with disease severity while rain fall was negatively non-significant. The current study showed that Bacillus subtilis is an ecofriendly ...
Keywords	Bacteria ; Varietal resistance ; Biological Control ; Rust ; Wheat ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Impact of different sowing dates and irrigation levels on NPK absorption, yield and water use efficiency of maize

Ahmed S. D. Abaza / Ayman M. S. Elshamly / Mona S. Alwahibi / Mohamed S. Elshikh / Allah Ditta

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Upper Egypt experiences high temperatures during summer and low temperatures during winter, which significantly impacts the sowing dates of maize in this region. The productivity of maize crops and water use efficiency can be greatly affected by ...

Abstract	Abstract Upper Egypt experiences high temperatures during summer and low temperatures during winter, which significantly impacts the sowing dates of maize in this region. The productivity of maize crops and water use efficiency can be greatly affected by water stress and sowing dates (SDs). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the optimal irrigation level and SDs based on local conditions. To assess the effects, two irrigation levels were employed: (1) control (full irrigation water applied) and (2) 70% of irrigation water. Field experiments were conducted at the National Water Research Center's water studies and research complex station in Toshka. The aim was to evaluate two irrigation levels (full and limited irrigation) across five SDs (early: mid-February and March, normal: mid-June, and late: mid-August and September) in both 2019 and 2020, in order to identify the ideal sowing date (SD) and irrigation level. The normal SD resulted in an increased the growth season length between plant emergence and maturity. Conversely, the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE). Notably, the SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation level, yielded the highest productivity and WUE, with a productivity of 7014 kg ha−1 and a WUE of 0. 9 kg m−3. Based on the findings, it is recommended that regions with similar conditions consider cultivating maize seeds in September, adopting a 70% irrigation level, to achieve optimal N uptake, growth traits (plant height, ear length, ear weight, number of rows per ear, and grain index weight), yield, and WUE.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Wintertime investigation of PM10 concentrations, sources, and relationship with different meteorological parameters

Bahadar Zeb / Allah Ditta / Khan Alam / Armin Sorooshian / Badshah Ud Din / Rashid Iqbal / Muhammed Habib ur Rahman / Ahsan Raza / Mona S. Alwahibi / Mohamed S. Elshikh

Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 19

Abstract: Abstract Meteorological factors play a crucial role in affecting air quality in the urban environment. Peshawar is the capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan and is a pollution hotspot. Sources of PM10 and the influence of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Meteorological factors play a crucial role in affecting air quality in the urban environment. Peshawar is the capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan and is a pollution hotspot. Sources of PM10 and the influence of meteorological factors on PM10 in this megacity have yet to be studied. The current study aims to investigate PM10 mass concentration levels and composition, identify PM10 sources, and quantify links between PM10 and various meteorological parameters like temperature, relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and rainfall (RF) during the winter months from December 2017 to February 2018. PM10 mass concentrations vary from 180 – 1071 µg m−3, with a mean value of 586 ± 217 µg m−3. The highest concentration is observed in December, followed by January and February. The average values of the mass concentration of carbonaceous species (i.e., total carbon, organic carbon, and elemental carbon) are 102.41, 91.56, and 6.72 μgm−3, respectively. Water-soluble ions adhere to the following concentration order: Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ > NH4 + > Mg2+. Twenty-four elements (Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Kr, Ag, Pb, Cu, and Cd) are detected in the current study by PIXE analysis. Five sources based on Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) modeling include industrial emissions, soil and re-suspended dust, household combustion, metallurgic industries, and vehicular emission. A positive relationship of PM10 with temperature and relative humidity is observed (r = 0.46 and r = 0.56, respectively). A negative correlation of PM10 is recorded with WS (r = − 0.27) and RF (r = − 0.46). This study’s results motivate routine air quality monitoring owing to the high levels of pollution in this region. For this purpose, the establishment of air monitoring stations is highly suggested for both PM and meteorology. Air quality standards and legislation need to be revised and implemented. Moreover, the development of effective control strategies for air pollution ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
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