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Article: The Role of Neoadjuvant Therapy in a Giant Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Alsaud, Jolan S / Alruqayi, Saja / Alomair, Abdulaziz

2024 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e55655

Abstract: Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a rare disease with an annual incidence of 10 cases per million. Herein, we present the case of a 45-year-old man who visited our clinic with complaints of weight loss and anorexia, without changes in ... ...

Abstract	Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a rare disease with an annual incidence of 10 cases per million. Herein, we present the case of a 45-year-old man who visited our clinic with complaints of weight loss and anorexia, without changes in bowel habits or vomiting, for four months. On physical examination, all vital signs were normal. The abdomen was distended without tenderness and had a giant upper abdominal mass. Tumour marker investigation revealed high levels of cancer antigen 125 with normal levels of alpha-1-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a mass measuring 35 × 25 × 20 cm, likely originating from the fundus of the stomach. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy indicated external compression of the stomach and a fundal submucosal mass. Ultrasound-guided biopsy demonstrated the presence of a GIST. There was a severe danger of both the tumour rupturing during surgery and the combined excision of adjacent organs if the surgery was performed with the massive tumour. Therefore, daily neoadjuvant therapy with imatinib 400 mg was administered for three months. Post-therapeutic CT indicated a significant reduction in the size of the mass, which now measured 17 × 14 × 21 cm. The patient underwent surgical resection a month after the completion of neoadjuvant therapy, and the post-operative period was uneventful. He was followed up regularly at the general surgery department for 24 months without recurrence. This case asserts the benefit of neoadjuvant therapy in reducing the tumour size pre-operatively, which enhances the complete resection rate, prevents the need for multi-organ resection, and lowers the risk of surgery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.55655
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Antibiogram data of urinary tract infection in spinal cord injury patients in an outpatient setting.

Alshahri, Saeed / Alghaiheb, Abdullah / Alanazi, Abdullah / Alshammari, Sultanah / Alomair, Abdullah

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)

2024 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–62

Abstract: Objectives: To establish antibiogram data for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) that would help differentiate the organisms commonly present depending on the voiding method and antibiotic sensitivity for empirical treatment.: Methods: A total of ...

Abstract	Objectives: To establish antibiogram data for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) that would help differentiate the organisms commonly present depending on the voiding method and antibiotic sensitivity for empirical treatment. Methods: A total of 499 urine culture results were obtained from 151 SCI patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with significant bacteriuria and pyuria with more than 10 white blood cells per high power field. The voiding method was categorized as follows: self-intermittent catheterization (SIC), suprapubic catheter (SPC), Foley catheter, condom catheter, or voiding freely. Results: The demographic data were as follows: male, n=124 (82.2%); female, n=27 (17.8%); mean age, 39; paraplegic n=105 (69.5%); and tetraplegic, n=45 (29.8%). The SIC was the most common voiding method (n=64, 42.3%), followed by Foley catheter (n=39, 25.8%). Escherichia coli was the most common organism overall (29%) and more frequent in patients using SIC as the voiding method. Conclusion: Increased preference of the local population to foley catheter as a voiding method which needs to be investigated more. The type of voiding methods in patients with SCI results in different common causative organisms of UTI. Ciprofloxacin resistance profile increased overall except in patients voiding with SPC. Nitrofurantoin is the most overall sensitive oral antibiotic in our sample followed by Augmentin then Cefuroxime.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Outpatients ; Nitrofurantoin ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications ; Ciprofloxacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Nitrofurantoin (927AH8112L) ; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination (74469-00-4) ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-07
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2214806-1
ISSN	1319-6138
ISSN	1319-6138
DOI	10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230063
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Article: Rhinolith Misdiagnosed as Fungal Mucin.

Alrayes, Nuha / Alhumaizi, Abdulrahman / Alomair, Alanoud / Simsim, Rehab

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e46648

Abstract: Foreign body insertion inside the nose is not uncommon in pediatric age groups. It can pass unnoticed by parents, sometimes underdiagnosed or incompletely removed by a clinician. In another scenario, it may be incidentally discovered by imaging during ... ...

Abstract	Foreign body insertion inside the nose is not uncommon in pediatric age groups. It can pass unnoticed by parents, sometimes underdiagnosed or incompletely removed by a clinician. In another scenario, it may be incidentally discovered by imaging during dental workups commonly. This foreign body acts like a nidus for a rhinolith, as it gets calcified over years and becomes like a stone, causing unilateral nasal symptoms. Herein, we present a case of a young female with a rhinolith mistaken for fungal mud. We aim to emphasize this rare clinical condition that, if left unperceived, may lead to complications including, but not limited to, sinusitis, pressure necrosis to the surrounding structure causing septal perforation, or naso-palatal fistula.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.46648
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Article ; Online: A new extension of Poisson distribution for asymmetric count data: theory, classical and Bayesian estimation with application to lifetime data.

Alomair, Abdullah / Ahsan-Ul-Haq, Muhammad

PeerJ. Computer science

2023 Volume 9, Page(s) e1748

Abstract: Several research investigations have stressed the importance of discrete data analysis and its relevance to actual events. The current work focuses on a new discrete distribution with a single parameter that can be derived using the Poisson mixing ... ...

Abstract	Several research investigations have stressed the importance of discrete data analysis and its relevance to actual events. The current work focuses on a new discrete distribution with a single parameter that can be derived using the Poisson mixing technique. The new distribution is named the Poisson Entropy-Based Weighted Exponential Distribution. It is useful for discussing asymmetric "right-skewed" data with "heavy" tails. Its failure rate function can be used to explain situations with increasing failure rates. The statistical properties of the new distribution are expressed explicitly. The proposed model is simple to manage for under-, equal-, and over-dispersed datasets. The model parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood method. We consider the parameter estimation for the new model based on right-censored data with a cure fraction. One more focus of the present study is the Bayesian estimation of the model parameters. In the end, three real-world dataset examples were utilized to show the value of the new distribution. These applications revealed that the new model outperforms other standard discrete models.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2376-5992
ISSN (online)	2376-5992
DOI	10.7717/peerj-cs.1748
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Article: Pancreatic Arteriovenous Malformations: A Case From Saudi Arabia.

Alharbi, Ohud T / Salem, Mayar M / Alotaibi, Daliyah / Alsaud, Jolan S / Almohaimeed, Rayan / Alomair, Abdulaziz

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e55340

Abstract: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare anomaly, mostly due to congenital reasons. Patients with pancreatic AVM can live without experiencing symptoms. It can present with gastrointestinal bleeding or portal hypertension, ...

Abstract	Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare anomaly, mostly due to congenital reasons. Patients with pancreatic AVM can live without experiencing symptoms. It can present with gastrointestinal bleeding or portal hypertension, and diagnosis can be made by computed tomography (CT) or angiography. CT findings include multiple discrete intrapancreatic vessels. A 48-year-old man complained of abdominal pain with a sensation of fullness that radiated to the back for a month, associated with shortness of breath, loss of appetite, and unintentional weight loss of 33% in one month without nausea or vomiting. On physical examination, the abdomen was soft and lax with epigastric tenderness and a negative Murphy sign. Laboratory investigations showed high amylase with normal liver and kidney functions. CT showed pancreatic AVM. He underwent partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy. After the surgery, the patient reported an improvement in symptoms. All follow-up visits were uneventful. Pancreatic AVM is a rare disease, and the most significant chief complaint of most patients is gastrointestinal tract bleeding. It requires imaging depending on the signs and symptoms. The primary imaging modality is CT, with subtraction angiography for confirmation. Surgical treatment is the standard of management for most patients when tolerable. Additionally, early detection of these rare anomalies can avoid massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding and the development of resistance portal hypertension and can save patients' lives if bleeding occurs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.55340
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Association between polymorphisms of the DNA repair genes RAD51 and OGG1 and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Alomair, Amar / Alamri, Abdullah / Shaik, Jilani / Aljafari, Salman / Ba Abdullah, Mohammed / Alanazi, Mohammad

Molecular medicine reports

2024 Volume 29, Issue 3

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and multiple single‑nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA repair genes have been found to be associated with CVD. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the ... ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and multiple single‑nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA repair genes have been found to be associated with CVD. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the genetic variants of RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) and 8‑oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) on CVD through genotyping and statistical analysis. Regardless of whether there is a significant association or not, the genotyping data on these two polymorphisms are valuable, because there is limited availability of it in certain populations. A total of 240 blood samples were analyzed and genotyped using TaqMan genotyping; 120 were obtained from cases with a history of CVD, and 120 from cases with no history of CVD. A questionnaire was administered to gather information on age, demographics, sex and clinical features, and confirmation was carried out using medical records. The results of the present study confirmed that the polymorphism rs1052133 in OGG1 had no significant association with CVD. On the other hand, the polymorphism rs1801321 in RAD51 exhibited a significant association with CVD. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed that the polymorphism rs1801321 in RAD51 exhibited a significant association with CVD, however a larger sample size to confirm the present findings, may allow for the early identification of CVD and may aid in the decision‑making process concerning treatments for CVD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Glycosylases/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rad51 Recombinase/genetics ; Rad51 Recombinase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	DNA Glycosylases (EC 3.2.2.-) ; RAD51 protein, human (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Rad51 Recombinase (EC 2.7.7.-) ; oxoguanine glycosylase 1, human (EC 3.2.2.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2469505-1
ISSN	1791-3004 ; 1791-2997
ISSN (online)	1791-3004
ISSN	1791-2997
DOI	10.3892/mmr.2024.13177
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Article ; Online: On solving textual ambiguities and semantic vagueness in MRC based question answering using generative pre-trained transformers.

Ahmed, Muzamil / Khan, Hikmat / Iqbal, Tassawar / Khaled Alarfaj, Fawaz / Alomair, Abdullah / Almusallam, Naif

PeerJ. Computer science

2023 Volume 9, Page(s) e1422

Abstract: Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is one of the most challenging tasks and active fields in natural language processing (NLP). MRC systems aim to enable a machine to understand a given context in natural language and to answer a series of questions ... ...

Abstract	Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is one of the most challenging tasks and active fields in natural language processing (NLP). MRC systems aim to enable a machine to understand a given context in natural language and to answer a series of questions about it. With the advent of bi-directional deep learning algorithms and large-scale datasets, MRC achieved improved results. However, these models are still suffering from two research issues: textual ambiguities and semantic vagueness to comprehend the long passages and generate answers for abstractive MRC systems. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel Extended Generative Pretrained Transformers-based Question Answering (ExtGPT-QA) model to generate precise and relevant answers to questions about a given context. The proposed architecture comprises two modified forms of encoder and decoder as compared to GPT. The encoder uses a positional encoder to assign a unique representation with each word in the sentence for reference to address the textual ambiguities. Subsequently, the decoder module involves a multi-head attention mechanism along with affine and aggregation layers to mitigate semantic vagueness with MRC systems. Additionally, we applied syntax and semantic feature engineering techniques to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed model. To validate the proposed model's effectiveness, a comprehensive empirical analysis is carried out using three benchmark datasets including SQuAD, Wiki-QA, and News-QA. The results of the proposed ExtGPT-QA outperformed state of art MRC techniques and obtained 93.25% and 90.52% F1-score and exact match, respectively. The results confirm the effectiveness of the ExtGPT-QA model to address textual ambiguities and semantic vagueness issues in MRC systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2376-5992
ISSN (online)	2376-5992
DOI	10.7717/peerj-cs.1422
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Supraclavicular Solitary Hybrid Schwannoma/Neurofibroma: A Case Report.

Alomair, Alanoud / Dababo, Mohammad / Velagapudi, Suresh

Cureus

2020 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) e8531

Abstract: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are benign lesions arising from the connective tissue sheath surrounding the neurons and are labeled schwannoma, perineurioma, or neurofibroma according to their histopathological characteristics. Lesions with a ... ...

Abstract	Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are benign lesions arising from the connective tissue sheath surrounding the neurons and are labeled schwannoma, perineurioma, or neurofibroma according to their histopathological characteristics. Lesions with a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned tumors are known as hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumors (HPNSTs). These hybrid tumors have been described as rare entities. In this report, we present a case of a solitary hybrid schwannoma/neurofibroma in an unusual location.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.8531
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Open Reduction at 15 Months of Left Hip Dislocation in a Male Infant Diagnosed with Arthrogryposis.

AlShayhan, Fahad Abdullah / Alsiddiky, Abdulmonem Mohammed / Aljohani, Motaz / Alomair, Abdulrahman / Alghnimei, Naief

The American journal of case reports

2022 Volume 23, Page(s) e936627

Abstract: BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis is a congenital condition of multiple contractures of joints associated with hip dislocation. The outcome of open reduction of hip dislocation in arthrogryposis patients is debatable. Open reduction of arthrogryposis is ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis is a congenital condition of multiple contractures of joints associated with hip dislocation. The outcome of open reduction of hip dislocation in arthrogryposis patients is debatable. Open reduction of arthrogryposis is challenging for shallow acetabulum and extensive adhesions and fibrosis. For this reason, a careful extensive release must be carried out to achieve the open reduction of the hip in arthrogryposis patients. The literature lacks surgical recommendations for open reduction of the hip in arthrogryposis patients and how to deal with cases of the extruded bone segment during open reduction. CASE REPORT The patient presented in the first few weeks of life with bilateral clubfoot and left hip dislocation. Clinical diagnosis of arthrogryposis was made after referral to a genetics specialist. The hip was clinically irreducible. The patient underwent open reduction and femoral shortening using the Smith Peterson approach at the age of 15 months, with accidental extrusion of the proximal femur, which was retained immediately. The clinical outcome showed a painless, good range of motion. Radiographically, features of avascular necrosis and healed osteotomy site were evident. CONCLUSIONS A difficult hip reduction was expected in this arthrogryposis patient, which required careful dissection of surrounding fibrosis and appropriate femoral shortening. Careful dissection should be carried out during open reduction to avoid jeopardization of femoral head vascularity or even complete devitalization of the proximal femur.
MeSH term(s)	Arthrogryposis/complications ; Arthrogryposis/diagnosis ; Arthrogryposis/surgery ; Fibrosis ; Hip Dislocation/complications ; Hip Dislocation/diagnostic imaging ; Hip Dislocation/surgery ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital/diagnostic imaging ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital/surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2517183-5
ISSN	1941-5923 ; 1941-5923
ISSN (online)	1941-5923
ISSN	1941-5923
DOI	10.12659/AJCR.936627
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Does a Low Score in the Respiratory Visual Triage Tool Predict a Negative COVID-19 Test in an Admitted Patient?

Asayed, Thamir / Almulihi, Qasem Ahmed / Alsulaibeikh, Amal / Alghamdi, Mohannad Ali / Almulhim, Mohammed / Alhindi, Turki / Alomair, Abdullatif

Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2023 Volume 77, Issue 4, Page(s) 263–267

Abstract: Background: Fast and accurate COVID-19 identification is important to population and epidemic monitoring in hospitals. Visual triage or respiratory triage should be efficient and utilized as visual clues to alert HCWs on the case definitions.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Fast and accurate COVID-19 identification is important to population and epidemic monitoring in hospitals. Visual triage or respiratory triage should be efficient and utilized as visual clues to alert HCWs on the case definitions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of the respiratory triage for COVID-19 infections and to evaluate the efficacy of the MOH triage tool in identifying low risk patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective chart review that was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU), Khober, KSA on all adult patients admitted to the hospital through the ED. The visual triage checklist comprises two main sections, with one focused on the risk of exposure and the other related to patient clinical signs and symptoms, each with a defined score where any score ≥ 4 will need to isolate and assessed by the physician while a score of less than 4 means that the patient can be admitted with other patients. The hospital swabbed all admitted patients regardless of their score. We compared their PCR result with their case definition score. The collected data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) version 23. Results: The study included 7258 participants. 20% of participants aged between 21 to 30 years old, 52.2% of sample were females, and 78% were Saudi nationality. Visual triage score was less than 4 in n= 4745 participants (65.4%) and 4 or more in n= 2513 (34.6%). The test had sensitivity of 75% and specificity 21%. Conclusion: Most studies shows that COVID 19 has an infectivity rate of 18 to 30%. Based on this low sensitivity result, using the screening tool alone puts patients and HCWs at risk of getting infected with COVID 19.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Male ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Triage ; Retrospective Studies ; Hospitalization
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128782-5
ISSN	1986-5961 ; 0025-8083 ; 0350-199X
ISSN (online)	1986-5961
ISSN	0025-8083 ; 0350-199X
DOI	10.5455/medarh.2023.77.263-267
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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