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  1. Article ; Online: Improving acute stroke assessment in non-enhanced computed tomography: automated tool for early ischemic lesion volume detection.

    Bernardi, Mara Sabina / Rodriguez, Alex / Caruso, Paola / Furlanis, Giovanni / Ridolfi, Mariana / Prandin, Gabriele / Naccarato, Marcello / Laio, Alessandro / Amati, Daniele / Manganotti, Paolo

    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background and objectives: ASPECTs is a widely used marker to identify early stroke signs on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT), yet it presents interindividual variability and it may be hard to use for non-experts. We introduce an algorithm ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: ASPECTs is a widely used marker to identify early stroke signs on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT), yet it presents interindividual variability and it may be hard to use for non-experts. We introduce an algorithm capable of automatically estimating the NECT volumetric extension of early acute ischemic changes in the 3D space. We compared the power of this marker with ASPECTs evaluated by experienced practitioner in predicting the clinical outcome.
    Methods: We analyzed and processed neuroimaging data of 153 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke. All patients underwent a NECT at admission and on follow-up. The developed algorithm identifies the early ischemic hypodense region based on an automatic comparison of the gray level in the images of the two hemispheres, assumed to be an approximate mirror image of each other in healthy patients.
    Results: In the two standard axial slices used to estimate the ASPECTs, the regions identified by the algorithm overlap significantly with those identified by experienced practitioners. However, in many patients, the regions identified automatically extend significantly to other slices. In these cases, the volume marker provides supplementary and independent information. Indeed, the clinical outcome of patients with volume marker = 0 can be distinguished with higher statistical confidence than the outcome of patients with ASPECTs = 10.
    Conclusion: The volumetric extension and the location of acute ischemic region in the 3D-space, automatically identified by our algorithm, provide data that are mostly in agreement with the ASPECTs value estimated by expert practitioners, and in some cases complementary and independent.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2016546-8
    ISSN 1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
    ISSN (online) 1590-3478
    ISSN 1590-1874
    DOI 10.1007/s10072-024-07339-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Brain network dynamics during spontaneous strategy shifts and incremental task optimization.

    Allegra, Michele / Seyed-Allaei, Shima / Schuck, Nicolas W / Amati, Daniele / Laio, Alessandro / Reverberi, Carlo

    NeuroImage

    2020  Volume 217, Page(s) 116854

    Abstract: With practice, humans improve their performance in a task by either optimizing a known strategy or discovering a novel, potentially more fruitful strategy. We investigated the neural processes underlying these two fundamental abilities by applying fMRI ... ...

    Abstract With practice, humans improve their performance in a task by either optimizing a known strategy or discovering a novel, potentially more fruitful strategy. We investigated the neural processes underlying these two fundamental abilities by applying fMRI in a task with two possible alternative strategies. For analysis we combined time-resolved network analysis with Coherence Density Peak Clustering (Allegra et al., 2017), univariate GLM, and multivariate pattern classification. Converging evidence showed that the posterior portion of the default network, i.e. the precuneus and the angular gyrus bilaterally, has a central role in the optimization of the current strategy. These regions encoded the relevant spatial information, increased the strength of local connectivity as well as the long-distance connectivity with other relevant regions in the brain (e.g., visual cortex, dorsal attention network). The connectivity increase was proportional to performance optimization. By contrast, the anterior portion of the default network (i.e. medial prefrontal cortex) and the rostral portion of the fronto-parietal network were associated with new strategy discovery: an early increase of local and long-range connectivity centered on these regions was only observed in the subjects who would later shift to a new strategy. Overall, our findings shed light on the dynamic interactions between regions related to attention and with cognitive control, underlying the balance between strategy exploration and exploitation. Results suggest that the default network, far from being "shut-down" during task performance, has a pivotal role in the background exploration and monitoring of potential alternative courses of action.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Algorithms ; Attention/physiology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition/physiology ; Decision Making/physiology ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Parietal Lobe/diagnostic imaging ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116854
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Brain network dynamics during spontaneous strategy shifts and incremental task optimization

    Allegra, Michele / Seyed-Allaei, Shima / Schuck, Nicolas W. / Amati, Daniele / Laio, Alessandro / Reverberi, Carlo

    NeuroImage

    2020  

    Abstract: With practice, humans improve their performance in a task by either optimizing a known strategy or discovering a novel, potentially more fruitful strategy. We investigated the neural processes underlying these two fundamental abilities by applying fMRI ... ...

    Title translation Hirnnetzdynamik während spontaner Strategiewechsel und inkrementeller Aufgabenoptimierung
    Abstract With practice, humans improve their performance in a task by either optimizing a known strategy or discovering a novel, potentially more fruitful strategy. We investigated the neural processes underlying these two fundamental abilities by applying fMRI in a task with two possible alternative strategies. For analysis we combined time-resolved network analysis with Coherence Density Peak Clustering (Allegra et al., 2017), univariate GLM, and multivariate pattern classification. Converging evidence showed that the posterior portion of the default network, i.e. the precuneus and the angular gyrus bilaterally, has a central role in the optimization of the current strategy. These regions encoded the relevant spatial information, increased the strength of local connectivity as well as the long-distance connectivity with other relevant regions in the brain (e.g., visual cortex, dorsal attention network). The connectivity increase was proportional to performance optimization. By contrast, the anterior portion of the default network (i.e. medial prefrontal cortex) and the rostral portion of the fronto-parietal network were associated with new strategy discovery: an early increase of local and long-range connectivity centered on these regions was only observed in the subjects who would later shift to a new strategy. Overall, our findings shed light on the dynamic interactions between regions related to attention and with cognitive control, underlying the balance between strategy exploration and exploitation. Results suggest that the default network, far from being "shut-down" during task performance, has a pivotal role in the background exploration and monitoring of potential alternative courses of action.
    Keywords Brain ; Brain Connectivity ; Cognitive Processes ; Default Mode Network ; Experimentelle Aufgaben ; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie ; Gehirn ; Kognitive Prozesse ; Konnektivität (Gehirn) ; Learning ; Lernen ; Neural Networks ; Neuroanatomie ; Neuroanatomy ; Neuronale Netzwerke ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Präfrontaler Kortex ; Ruhezustandsnetzwerk ; Strategien ; Strategies ; Task
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116854
    Database PSYNDEX

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  4. Article: On the emergence of modern humans.

    Amati, Daniele / Shallice, Tim

    Cognition

    2007  Volume 103, Issue 3, Page(s) 358–385

    Abstract: The emergence of modern humans with their extraordinary cognitive capacities is ascribed to a novel type of cognitive computational process (sustained non-routine multi-level operations) required for abstract projectuality, held to be the common ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of modern humans with their extraordinary cognitive capacities is ascribed to a novel type of cognitive computational process (sustained non-routine multi-level operations) required for abstract projectuality, held to be the common denominator of the cognitive capacities specific to modern humans. A brain operation (latching) that allows this novel computational process is proposed as well as a physics-inspired mechanism that could explain its rather recent emergence without invoking unlikely genetic or structural changes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anthropometry ; Biological Evolution ; Cognition/physiology ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.04.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: fMRI single trial discovery of spatio-temporal brain activity patterns.

    Allegra, Michele / Seyed-Allaei, Shima / Pizzagalli, Fabrizio / Baftizadeh, Fahimeh / Maieron, Marta / Reverberi, Carlo / Laio, Alessandro / Amati, Daniele

    Human brain mapping

    2016  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 1421–1437

    Abstract: There is growing interest in the description of short-lived patterns in the spatiotemporal cortical activity monitored via neuroimaging. Most traditional analysis methods, designed to estimate relatively long-term brain dynamics, are not always ... ...

    Abstract There is growing interest in the description of short-lived patterns in the spatiotemporal cortical activity monitored via neuroimaging. Most traditional analysis methods, designed to estimate relatively long-term brain dynamics, are not always appropriate to capture these patterns. Here we introduce a novel data-driven approach for detecting short-lived fMRI brain activity patterns. Exploiting Density Peak Clustering (Rodriguez and Laio [2014]), our approach reveals well localized clusters by identifying and grouping together voxels whose time-series are similar, irrespective of their brain location, even when very short time windows (∼10 volumes) are used. The method, which we call Coherence Density Peak Clustering (CDPC), is first tested on simulated data and compared with a standard unsupervised approach for fMRI analysis, independent component analysis (ICA). CDPC identifies activated voxels with essentially no false-positives and proves more reliable than ICA, which is troubled by a number of false positives comparable to that of true positives. The reliability of the method is demonstrated on real fMRI data from a simple motor task, containing brief iterations of the same movement. The clusters identified are found in regions expected to be involved in the task, and repeat synchronously with the paradigm. The methodology proposed is especially suitable for the study of short-time brain dynamics and single trial experiments, where the event or task of interest cannot be repeated for the same subject, as happens, for instance, in problem-solving, learning and decision-making. A GUI implementation of our method is available for download at https://github.com/micheleallegra/CDPC. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1421-1437, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Computer Simulation ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Movement/physiology ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Principal Component Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1197207-5
    ISSN 1097-0193 ; 1065-9471
    ISSN (online) 1097-0193
    ISSN 1065-9471
    DOI 10.1002/hbm.23463
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Mechanisms of rule acquisition and rule following in inductive reasoning.

    Crescentini, Cristiano / Seyed-Allaei, Shima / De Pisapia, Nicola / Jovicich, Jorge / Amati, Daniele / Shallice, Tim

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2011  Volume 31, Issue 21, Page(s) 7763–7774

    Abstract: Despite the recent interest in the neuroanatomy of inductive reasoning processes, the regional specificity within prefrontal cortex (PFC) for the different mechanisms involved in induction tasks remains to be determined. In this study, we used fMRI to ... ...

    Abstract Despite the recent interest in the neuroanatomy of inductive reasoning processes, the regional specificity within prefrontal cortex (PFC) for the different mechanisms involved in induction tasks remains to be determined. In this study, we used fMRI to investigate the contribution of PFC regions to rule acquisition (rule search and rule discovery) and rule following. Twenty-six healthy young adult participants were presented with a series of images of cards, each consisting of a set of circles numbered in sequence with one colored blue. Participants had to predict the position of the blue circle on the next card. The rules that had to be acquired pertained to the relationship among succeeding stimuli. Responses given by subjects were categorized in a series of phases either tapping rule acquisition (responses given up to and including rule discovery) or rule following (correct responses after rule acquisition). Mid-dorsolateral PFC (mid-DLPFC) was active during rule search and remained active until successful rule acquisition. By contrast, rule following was associated with activation in temporal, motor, and medial/anterior prefrontal cortex. Moreover, frontopolar cortex (FPC) was active throughout the rule acquisition and rule following phases before a rule became familiar. We attributed activation in mid-DLPFC to hypothesis generation and in FPC to integration of multiple separate inferences. The present study provides evidence that brain activation during inductive reasoning involves a complex network of frontal processes and that different subregions respond during rule acquisition and rule following phases.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Problem Solving/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4579-10.2011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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