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Article: A Cross-sectional Study on the Magnitude of undernutrition in Tuberculosis Patients in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia.

Hussien, Bedru / Ameni, Gobena

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 2421–2428

Abstract: Purpose: To estimate the magnitude of undernutrition in tuberculosis (TB) patients and evaluate its association with selected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.: Patients and methods: A health facility-based cross- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To estimate the magnitude of undernutrition in tuberculosis (TB) patients and evaluate its association with selected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Patients and methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional design was used. Four hundred and fifty pulmonary TB (PTB) patients were recruited between September 2017 and August 2018. Data were collected by structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics was used for the analysis and expression of the data. Regression model was used to determine the association between undernutrition and selected factors. Results: The magnitude of underweight was 51.6%, (95%CI: 47.15-56.2). Binary logistic regression indicated that previous treatment with anti-TB (crude odds ratio, COR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.08-2.63; Conclusion: A significant proportion of TB patients in the Oromia Region were malnourished. Therefore, nutritional counseling and nutritional supplementation are required for the effective treatment of TB patients in the Region.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-02
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2453343-9
ISSN	1178-2390
ISSN	1178-2390
DOI	10.2147/JMDH.S326233
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in homeless individuals in the Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia.

Shamebo, Tsegaye / Mekesha, Sindew / Getahun, Muluwork / Gumi, Balako / Petros, Beyene / Ameni, Gobena

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1128525

Abstract: Background: Homeless individuals are at a high risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis : Methods: A total of 5,600 homeless individuals were screened for PTB symptoms using WHO guideline between February 2019 and December 2020. Sputum ... ...

Abstract	Background: Homeless individuals are at a high risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Methods: A total of 5,600 homeless individuals were screened for PTB symptoms using WHO guideline between February 2019 and December 2020. Sputum samples were cultured from individuals with symptoms of PTB for mycobacterial isolation. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with PTB. Results: The prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed cases was 1.1% (59/5,600) or 10.54 per 1000 population. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that being homeless for more than 5 years, body mass index (BMI) < 18.5, smoking cigarette, living in a group of more than five individuals, close contact with chronic coughers, imprisonment and HIV infection were significantly associated with the prevalence of PTB in homeless individuals ( Conclusion: In conclusion, the result of this study indicated that the prevalence of PTB in homeless individuals was higher than the prevalence of PTB in the general population of Addis Ababa City requiring for the inclusion of the homeless individuals in the TB control program.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Sputum/microbiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128525
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Article: Traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review.

Getachew, Samuel / Medhin, Girmay / Asres, Abyot / Abebe, Gemeda / Ameni, Gobena

Heliyon

2022 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) e09478

Abstract: Background: Majority of people in Ethiopia heavily rely on traditional medicinal plants to treat a number of diseases including tuberculosis (TB). However, there has been lack of comprehensive evidences on taxonomic distribution of medicinal plant ... ...

Abstract	Background: Majority of people in Ethiopia heavily rely on traditional medicinal plants to treat a number of diseases including tuberculosis (TB). However, there has been lack of comprehensive evidences on taxonomic distribution of medicinal plant species, methods of preparation of remedies from these plants and how the remedies are administered. This systematic review is designed to examine and synthesize available evidences focusing on medicinal plants that have been used for TB treatment in Ethiopia. Methods: Research findings related to ethno-botanical and pharmacological approaches of TB remedies were retrieved from databases. Electronic libraries of Ethiopian Universities and relevant church-based religious books were also reviewed as additional sources. Evidences are searched and organized in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Result: From a total of 68 research documents that reported use of plants for treatment of TB 98 plants species belonging to 82 genera and 49 families were identified. The most frequently reported plant species belonged to family Conclusion: In Ethiopia, the number of herbal remedies is enormous and their use for TB treatment is a common practice. However, majority of them are not yet backed up by evidence generated through scientific experimentation and this warrants further experimental and clinical validations. Moreover, the efficacy, toxicity and safety tests should be initiated and this would help in the rapid identification of new anti-TB regimens, and possibly it would lead to developing more effective new plant-based drugs. This systematic review will serve as a reference for the selection of plants for developing new anti-TB regimens.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09478
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Article: Epidemiology of Avian Tuberculosis in Selected Districts of Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

Debelu, Tesfaye / Abunna, Fufa / Mamo Kassa, Gezahegne / Ameni, Gobena

Veterinary medicine international

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 6933701

Abstract: Avian tuberculosis is a growing public health concern and a significant impediment to socioeconomic development, especially in developing countries, where the risk of infection is high. The disease is predominantly caused ... ...

Abstract	Avian tuberculosis is a growing public health concern and a significant impediment to socioeconomic development, especially in developing countries, where the risk of infection is high. The disease is predominantly caused by
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2536385-2
ISSN	2042-0048 ; 2090-8113
ISSN (online)	2042-0048
ISSN	2090-8113
DOI	10.1155/2022/6933701
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Article ; Online: Population structure and spatial distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ethiopia.

Getahun, Muluwork / Beyene, Dereje / Mollalign, Hilina / Diriba, Getu / Tesfaye, Ephrem / Yenew, Bazezew / Taddess, Mengistu / Sinshaw, Waganeh / Ameni, Gobena

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 10455

Abstract: Ethiopia is one of the countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden, yet little is known about the spatial distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineages. This study identifies the spoligotyping of 1735 archived Mtb isolates from the ... ...

Abstract	Ethiopia is one of the countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden, yet little is known about the spatial distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineages. This study identifies the spoligotyping of 1735 archived Mtb isolates from the National Drug Resistance Survey, collected between November 2011 and June 2013, to investigate Mtb population structure and spatial distribution. Spoligotype International Types (SITs) and lineages were retrieved from online databases. The distribution of lineages was evaluated using Fisher's exact test and logistic regression models. The Global Moran's Index and Getis-Ord Gi statistic were utilized to identify hotspot areas. Our results showed that spoligotypes could be interpreted and led to 4 lineages and 283 spoligotype patterns in 91% of the isolates, including 4% of those with multidrug/rifampicin resistance (MDR/RR) TB. The identified Mtb lineages were lineage 1 (1.8%), lineage 3 (25.9%), lineage 4 (70.6%) and lineage 7 (1.6%). The proportion of lineages 3 and 4 varied by regions, with lineage 3 being significantly greater than lineage 4 in reports from Gambella (AOR = 4.37, P < 0.001) and Tigray (AOR = 3.44, P = 0.001) and lineage 4 being significantly higher in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (AOR = 1.97, P = 0.026) than lineage 3. Hotspots for lineage 1 were located in eastern Ethiopia, while a lineage 7 hotspot was identified in northern and western Ethiopia. The five prevalent spoligotypes, which were SIT149, SIT53, SIT25, SIT37 and SIT26 account for 42.8% of all isolates under investigation, while SIT149, SIT53 and SIT21 account for 52-57.8% of drug-resistant TB cases. TB and drug resistant TB are mainly caused by lineages 3 and 4, and significant proportions of the prevalent spoligotypes also influence drug-resistant TB and the total TB burden. Regional variations in lineages may result from both local and cross-border spread.
MeSH term(s)	Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Bacterial Typing Techniques
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-59435-3
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Article ; Online: Spoligotyping of Clinical Isolates of

Hussien, Bedru / Zewude, Aboma / Wondale, Biniam / Hailu, Awraris / Ameni, Gobena

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 808626

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Investigation of the : Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 450 smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) cases from the Oromia region between ... ...

Abstract	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Investigation of the Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 450 smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) cases from the Oromia region between September 2017 and August 2018. Mycobacteria were isolated from sputum samples on the Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by spoligotyping. The results of spoligotyping were transferred into a query box in the SITVIT2 database and Run TB-Lineage in the TB Insight website for the identification of spoligo international type (SIT) number and linages of the isolates, respectively. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 20 was applied for statistical analysis. Results: Three hundred and fifteen isolates were grouped under 181 different spoligotype patterns. The most dominantly isolated spoligotype pattern was SIT149 and it consisted of 23 isolates. The majority of the isolates were grouped under Euro-American (EA), East-African-Indian (EAI), and Indo-Oceanic (IO) lineages. These lineages consisted of 79.4, 9.8, and 9.8% of the isolates, respectively. One hundred and sixty-five of the isolates were classified under 31 clustered spoligotypes whereas the remaining 150 were singleton types. Furthermore, 91.1% of the total isolates were classified as orphan types. Clustering of spoligotypes was associated ( Conclusion: SIT149 and EA lineage were predominantly isolated from the Oromia region substantiating the findings of the similar studies conducted in other regions of Ethiopia. The observation of significant number of singleton and orphan spoligotypes warrants for additional genetic typing of the isolates using method(s) with a better discriminatory power than spoligotyping.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.808626
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Article ; Online: Genetic diversity and drug sensitivity profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among children in Ethiopia.

Mollalign, Hilina / Getahun, Muluwork / Diriba, Getu / Alemu, Ayinalem / Chala, Dawit / Tulu, Begna / Ameni, Gobena

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0284363

Abstract: Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) affects about one million children every year. The burden of the disease is higher in developing countries. However, there is limited information on the lineages and drug sensitivity patterns of Mycobacterium ... ...

Abstract	Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) affects about one million children every year. The burden of the disease is higher in developing countries. However, there is limited information on the lineages and drug sensitivity patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infecting children in these countries, including Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the different lineages of the M. tuberculosis complex causing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis and evaluate the drug-sensitivity patterns to the first-line anti-TB drugs. Method: A total of 54 stored cultures were used in this study. The region of difference 9 (RD9) based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spoligotyping were employed for the identification of the isolates at the species and lineages level respectively. Lineage identification was done by using the pre-existing database. Identification of clustering of the spoligotype patterns was by using the SPOLIDB3-based model. The result was retrieved by the most probable family format. Furthermore, the phenotypic, and genotypic drug-sensitivity test (DST) was performed using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT™ 960) and GenoTypeMTBDRplus assay respectively. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27 software. Result: Spoligotyping produced 39 interpretable results for M. tuberculosis. The majority (74.4%) of them were clustered into 7 groups, while the rest (25.6%) were single. The Euro-American (EA) lineage was the predominant lineage (64.1%) followed by the East-African Indian (EAI) (30.8%) and M. Africanum (5.1%) lineages. The most predominant subtypes were SIT37 (15.4%), SIT149 (12.8%), SIT25 (7.7%), and SIT53 (7.7%). Furthermore, of the identified SITs, T1 and CAS families consisted of 38.5% and 28.2% of the lineages respectively. Drug susceptibility was 91.9% by phenotypic method and 97.4% by molecular assay. The overall prevalence of any resistance was 7.8% and there was a single MDR-TB. Conclusion: Many of the isolates belong to the modern lineages (Euro American) representing the most common circulating strains in the country. More importantly, despites the tiny isolates tested, drug resistance is low. To fully describe the molecular epidemiology of MTBC lineages in children, we recommend a prospective large-scale study.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance ; Genotype ; Genetic Variation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284363
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Article ; Online: Genotypic and phenotypic drug-resistance detection and prevalence of heteroresistance in patients with isoniazid- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia.

Getahun, Muluwork / Ameni, Gobena / Mollalign, Helina / Diriba, Getu / Beyene, Dereje

IJID regions

2022 Volume 2, Page(s) 149–153

Abstract: Objective: To assess the agreement between genotypic and phenotypic methods for detecting drug resistance, and examine the prevalence of heteroresistance among isoniazid (INH)- and multidrug/rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR) TB.: Method: In total, 127 !## ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the agreement between genotypic and phenotypic methods for detecting drug resistance, and examine the prevalence of heteroresistance among isoniazid (INH)- and multidrug/rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR) TB. Method: In total, 127 Result: The sensitivity of LPA (compared with LJ DST) was 96% for any INH-resistant TB and 94% for any RR TB. The prevalence of heteroresistance among the 123. Conclusion: Some phenotypic drug resistances were not captured by LPA. The prevalence and percentage of resistant bacteria among heteroresistant TB highlight the importance of LPA for early detection of heteroresistant TB.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-7076
ISSN (online)	2772-7076
DOI	10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.12.007
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle based on gross and microscopic lesions in Ethiopia.

Mohammed, Temesgen / Mamo, Gezahegne / Zewude, Aboma / Sirak, Asegedech / Gumi, Balako / Ameni, Gobena

BMC veterinary research

2023 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 203

Abstract: Background: Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis mainly affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. Although paratuberculosis could be prevail in Ethiopia, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis mainly affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. Although paratuberculosis could be prevail in Ethiopia, there is a scarcity of epidemiological data on paratuberculosis in the country. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of paratuberculosis based on gross and microscopic lesions in cattle slaughtered at ELFORA Abattoir, central Ethiopia. Small intestines and associated lymph nodes of 400 apparently healthy cattle which were slaughtered at ELFORA export abattoir were examined for gross and microscopic lesions of paratuberculosis. The microscopic lesions were classified into four grades (I-IV) based on the type and number of cells infiltrated into the lesion. The prevalence of paratuberculosis was estimated on the basis of gross as well as microscopic lesion of paratuberculosis. Results: The prevalence of paratuberculosis was 11.25% (95% Confidence interval, CI = 0.083-0.148) on the basis of gross lesion. However, relatively lower prevalence (2.0%, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.039) was recorded based on microscopic lesion. The gross lesions were characterized by intestinal thickening, mucosal corrugations and enlargement of associated mesenteric lymph nodes. On the other hand, the microscopic lesions were characterized by granuloma of different grades ranging from grade I to grade III lesions. Conclusions: The present study indicated the occurrence of paratuberculosis in cattle of Ethiopia based on the detection of gross and microscopic lesions consistent with the lesion of paratuberculosis. The result of this study could be used as baseline information for future studies on the epidemiology and economic significance of paratuberculosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Paratuberculosis/epidemiology ; Paratuberculosis/diagnosis ; Prevalence ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases/microbiology ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191675-5
ISSN	1746-6148 ; 1746-6148
ISSN (online)	1746-6148
ISSN	1746-6148
DOI	10.1186/s12917-023-03725-x
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Article: Traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review

Getachew, Samuel / Medhin, Girmay / Asres, Abyot / Abebe, Gemeda / Ameni, Gobena

Heliyon. 2022 May, v. 8, no. 5

2022

Abstract: Majority of people in Ethiopia heavily rely on traditional medicinal plants to treat a number of diseases including tuberculosis (TB). However, there has been lack of comprehensive evidences on taxonomic distribution of medicinal plant species, methods ... ...

Abstract	Majority of people in Ethiopia heavily rely on traditional medicinal plants to treat a number of diseases including tuberculosis (TB). However, there has been lack of comprehensive evidences on taxonomic distribution of medicinal plant species, methods of preparation of remedies from these plants and how the remedies are administered. This systematic review is designed to examine and synthesize available evidences focusing on medicinal plants that have been used for TB treatment in Ethiopia. Research findings related to ethno-botanical and pharmacological approaches of TB remedies were retrieved from databases. Electronic libraries of Ethiopian Universities and relevant church-based religious books were also reviewed as additional sources. Evidences are searched and organized in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. From a total of 68 research documents that reported use of plants for treatment of TB 98 plants species belonging to 82 genera and 49 families were identified. The most frequently reported plant species belonged to family Lamiaceae (n = 8), Euphorbiaceae (n = 7), Cucurbitaceae (n = 6) and Fabaceae (n = 6). Croton macrostachyus, Allium sativum, and Myrsine Africana were the most often mentioned anti-TB medicinal plants. Shrubs (35.7%) and trees (29.6%) were reported as dominant growth forms while plant roots (31.6%) and leaves (28.6%) were frequently used plant parts for the preparations of the treatment. The most favored administration route was oral (59.1%). About 87% of the preparations were made from fresh plant materials. No experimental/clinical evidence was presented for 79.6%(78/98) of the reported plants to support their anti-mycobacterial activities. In Ethiopia, the number of herbal remedies is enormous and their use for TB treatment is a common practice. However, majority of them are not yet backed up by evidence generated through scientific experimentation and this warrants further experimental and clinical validations. Moreover, the efficacy, toxicity and safety tests should be initiated and this would help in the rapid identification of new anti-TB regimens, and possibly it would lead to developing more effective new plant-based drugs. This systematic review will serve as a reference for the selection of plants for developing new anti-TB regimens.
Keywords	Allium sativum ; Croton macrostachyus ; Cucurbitaceae ; Fabaceae ; Lamiaceae ; Myrsine africana ; guidelines ; medicinal plants ; meta-analysis ; systematic review ; toxicity ; tuberculosis ; Ethiopia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09478
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