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Article: Reduktion der Ammoniak-Emissionen auf der Weide.Christof Ammann et al.

Ammann, Christof

2019 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 12

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2534391-9
ISSN	1663-7852
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Large regional differences of soil water limitation effect on ozone induced yield loss for wheat and potato in Switzerland

Schneuwly, Jérôme / Ammann, Christof

Science of the total environment. 2020 May 20, v. 718

2020

Abstract: The accumulated stomatal ozone (O3) uptake over a threshold (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose POD6), calculated by an ozone deposition model, has been shown to be the most appropriate metric to quantify negative effects of O3 on food crops. In this study we used ... ...

Abstract	The accumulated stomatal ozone (O3) uptake over a threshold (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose POD6), calculated by an ozone deposition model, has been shown to be the most appropriate metric to quantify negative effects of O3 on food crops. In this study we used data of 13 sites in different regions of Switzerland with multiple years of O3 measurements to quantify the stomatal O3 uptake and the related yield loss of wheat and potato. Flux patterns for different years were calculated with the DO3SE model to disentangle the influence of contrasting seasonal environmental conditions. Regional and inter-annual differences in meteorological conditions led to considerable variations in soil water conditions and the POD6 values for wheat. Potato stomatal uptake was much less influenced by soil water and showed a more even distribution of POD6 values across sites and years. The estimated nationally and temporally average yield loss was 3.2 ± 1.2% for wheat and 2.4 ± 0.8% for potato, calculated based on an area weighting.It was found that soil water deficit, observed frequently in the western part of Switzerland, had a large attenuation effect on stomatal O3 uptake by wheat and on corresponding yield losses. This highlights the importance of including soil moisture limitation in O3 uptake modelling even in moist climatic regions. The comparison of modelled evapotranspiration with water flux measurements over a wheat field showed a reasonable agreement concerning the temporal pattern and the magnitude. But it is also concluded that the DO3SE soil moisture module will need further testing and adaptation to improve accuracy of the model in dryer conditions.
Keywords	climatic zones ; environmental factors ; evapotranspiration ; food crops ; meteorological parameters ; models ; ozone ; phytotoxicity ; potatoes ; soil water ; soil water deficit ; wheat ; Switzerland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0520
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135257
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice grown on organic soils in the temperate zone

Wüst-Galley, Chloé / Heller, Sandra / Ammann, Christof / Paul, Sonja / Doetterl, Sebastian / Leifeld, Jens

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2023 Oct., v. 356 p.108641-

2023

Abstract: Organic soils are important carbon stocks. The conventional (dry) cultivation of these soils turns them into strong sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For situations where restoration of natural land cover is not possible, solutions to this ... ...

Abstract	Organic soils are important carbon stocks. The conventional (dry) cultivation of these soils turns them into strong sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For situations where restoration of natural land cover is not possible, solutions to this problem include the wet cultivation of these soils, reducing CO₂ and N₂O emissions. One option, paddy rice cultivation, has begun in the Swiss Central Plateau, which hitherto did not provide a suitable climate for wet rice. Wet rice is however associated with high CH₄ emissions. These need to be quantified for this region, as the increased CH₄ fluxes might negate the expected reductions in CO₂ and N₂O. Here, we quantify CH₄ and N₂O emissions from wet rice on organic soil with chamber measurements, in an outdoor mesocosm experiment in the Swiss Central Plateau, located in the cool temperate moist zone. We apply two water treatments (a high water table (WT) treatment, − 6 cm with mid-season drainage, and two medium WT treatments, − 11 and − 17 cm without mid-season drainage) and additionally test the use of a mineral cover layer to reduce N₂O emissions. Additionally, a deeply-drained grassland treatment is used as a reference treatment. Annual CH₄ emissions from rice cultivation are 6.2 g CH₄.m⁻².a⁻¹ for the higher WT treatment, 6.4 g CH₄.m⁻².a⁻¹ for the medium WT treatment and 2.4 g CH₄.m⁻².a⁻¹ for the medium WT treatment with mineral cover. The corresponding N₂O emissions are 203, 190 and 56 mg N₂O-N.m⁻².a⁻¹, respectively. These results show that adding a mineral cover layer reduces annual emissions from both GHGs substantially. In total, the maximum increase in CH₄ and N₂O emissions resulting from rice cultivation, compared to the drained grassland treatment, is 2.3 t CO₂-eq.ha⁻¹.a⁻¹. Expected CO₂ emissions savings (derived from a literature-based model) due to a higher WT are a factor of 5–9 greater than this. We thus conclude that the cultivation of these organic soils in this region with wet rice could reduce their induced warming compared to their cultivation with (deeply drained) grassland.
Keywords	agriculture ; carbon ; carbon dioxide ; drainage ; environment ; grasslands ; greenhouse gases ; high water table ; land cover ; methane ; models ; nitrous oxide ; rough rice ; soil ; temperate zones ; Organic soils ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Chamber flux measurements ; Rice cultivation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	602345-9
ISSN	1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
ISSN (online)	1873-2305
ISSN	0167-8809
DOI	10.1016/j.agee.2023.108641
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Large regional differences of soil water limitation effect on ozone induced yield loss for wheat and potato in Switzerland.

Schneuwly, Jérôme / Ammann, Christof

The Science of the total environment

2019 Volume 718, Page(s) 135257

Abstract: The accumulated stomatal ozone ( ... ...

Abstract	The accumulated stomatal ozone (O
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants ; Ozone ; Plant Leaves ; Soil ; Solanum tuberosum ; Switzerland ; Triticum ; Water
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Soil ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135257
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: N

Barczyk, Lena / Kuntu-Blankson, Kate / Calanca, Pierluigi / Six, Johan / Ammann, Christof

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems

2023 Volume 127, Issue 2, Page(s) 173–189

Abstract: Urine patches from grazing cattle are hotspots of nitrous oxide ( ... ...

Abstract	Urine patches from grazing cattle are hotspots of nitrous oxide (N
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1354737-9
ISSN	1573-0867 ; 1385-1314
ISSN (online)	1573-0867
ISSN	1385-1314
DOI	10.1007/s10705-023-10290-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Applicability of the inverse dispersion method to measure emissions from animal housings

Bühler, Marcel / Häni, Christoph / Neftel, Albrecht / Bühler, Patrice / Ammann, Christof / Kupper, Thomas

eISSN: 1867-8548

2024

Abstract: Emissions from agricultural sources substantially contribute to global warming. The inverse dispersion method has been successfully used for emission measurement from various agricultural sources. The method has also been validated in multiple studies ... ...

Abstract	Emissions from agricultural sources substantially contribute to global warming. The inverse dispersion method has been successfully used for emission measurement from various agricultural sources. The method has also been validated in multiple studies with artificial gas releases mostly on open fields. Release experiments from buildings have been very rare and were partly affected by additional nearby sources of the same gas. What is also lacking are specific release studies for naturally ventilated animal housings. In this study, a known and predefined amount of methane was released from an artificial source inside a barn that mimics a naturally ventilated dairy housing. For concentration measurements, open-path devices (OP) with a path length of 110 m were placed in downwind direction of the barn at a distance of 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, and 200 m and additionally, a 3D ultrasonic anemometer (UA) was placed in the middle of the OP paths at 50 m, 100 m and 150 m. Upwind of the barn, an additional OP and an UA were installed. The median recovery rates of the experiment depending on the used OP and UA combination ranged between 0.56–0.71. It is concluded that for the present study case, the effect of the building and a tree in the main wind axis led to a systematic underestimation of the inverse dispersion method derived emission rate probably due to deviations of the wind field and turbulent dispersion from the ideal assumptions.
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book: Greenhouse gas Exchange Over Grazed Systems (GEOGS)

Ammann, Christof

Abstract: Grassland systems represent an important part of agricultural production covering 49% of the agricultural land in Europe and about 69% in Switzerland. Grasslands act as sinks and sources for greenhouse gases (GHG) and are, in conjunction with livestock ... ...

Institution	Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Taenikon ART <Zuerich>, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046, Zuerich, CH
Abstract	Grassland systems represent an important part of agricultural production covering 49% of the agricultural land in Europe and about 69% in Switzerland. Grasslands act as sinks and sources for greenhouse gases (GHG) and are, in conjunction with livestock production systems, responsible for a large share of GHG emissions. The influence of the biosphere including agricultural ecosystems on the atmospheric CO2 concentration is commonly investigated by ecosystem scale flux measurements (eddy covariance), and this method is also becoming state-of-the-art for the other GHG. On the other hand, direct GHG emissions from ruminants in agriculture are usually investigated on the scale of individual animals and described as a function of animal dietary factors. Grazed grassland systems represent a direct combination of GHG exchange by plant ecosystems and by animals. The proposed project GEOGS investigates the ability of field scale flux measurements to reliably quantify the contribution of the grazing animals to the net exchange of CO2 and CH4 over grassland systems. For this purpose, a field experiment with a herd of dairy cows in a full-day grazing system will be performed over an entire growing season. Net CO2 and CH4 exchange of the grazing system will be measured continuously by the eddy covariance technique. In order to quantify the contribution of the animals to the net flux, the position, movement and grazing/rumination activity of the individual cows will be recorded using specifically designed sensors. In combination with a detailed footprint analysis of the eddy covariance fluxes, the animal related CO2 and CH4 emissions will be derived and compared to calculated animal emission rates based on animal energy expenditure factors. Within the project we will test the important but still unverified assumption of many carbon budget studies on pastures, that the field scale CO2 flux measurements adequately include the respiration of the grazing cows. The expected results will identify potential errors and give recommendations for an optimised design of measurements on pastures and an adequate uncertainty estimation.
Keywords	Agrarproduktion ; Landwirtschaftliche Flaeche ; Atmung ; Schadstoffemission ; Gasfoermiger Stoff ; Biosphaere ; Agraroekosystem ; Oekosystem ; Messungen ; Emission ; Wiederkaeuer ; Landwirtschaft ; Tier ; Beweidung ; Ackerland ; Kohlendioxid ; Methan ; Freilandversuch ; Vegetationsperiode ; Rind ; Planung ; Kohlenstoff ; Weideland ; Kohlendioxidgehalt ; Milchvieh ; Treibhausgas ; CO2-Senke ; Treibhausgasemission ; Europa ; Schweiz
Language	English
Document type	Book
Remark	project start: 01/01/2012 project end: 12/31/2014 grant ID:
Database	Environmental research database (UFORDAT) of the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

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Article ; Online: Correcting high-frequency losses of reactive nitrogen flux measurements

Wintjen, Pascal / Ammann, Christof / Schrader, Frederik / Brümmer, Christian

2020

Abstract: Flux measurements of reactive nitrogen compounds are of increasing importance to assess the impact of unintended emissions on sensitive ecosystems and to evaluate the efficiency of mitigation strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the ... ...

Abstract	Flux measurements of reactive nitrogen compounds are of increasing importance to assess the impact of unintended emissions on sensitive ecosystems and to evaluate the efficiency of mitigation strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the exchange of reactive nitrogen gases with the highest possible accuracy. This study gives insight into the performance of flux correction methods and their usability for reactive nitrogen gases. The eddy-covariance (EC) technique is today widely used in experimental field studies to measure land surface–atmosphere exchange of a variety of trace gases. In recent years, applying the EC technique to reactive nitrogen compounds has become more important since atmospheric nitrogen deposition influences the productivity and biodiversity of (semi)natural ecosystems and their carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. Fluxes, which are calculated by EC, have to be corrected for setup-specific effects like attenuation in the high-frequency range. However, common methods for correcting such flux losses are mainly optimized for inert greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane or water vapor. In this study, we applied a selection of correction methods to measurements of total reactive nitrogen (6Nr) conducted in different ecosystems using the Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter (TRANC) coupled to a chemiluminescence detector (CLD). Average flux losses calculated by methods using measured cospectra and ogives were approximately 26 %–38% for a seminatural peatland and about 16 %–22% for a mixed forest. The investigation of the different methods showed that damping factors calculated with measured heat and gas flux cospectra using an empirical spectral transfer function were most reliable. Flux losses of 6Nr with this method were on the upper end of the median damping range, i.e., 38% for the peatland site and 22% for the forest site. Using modified Kaimal cospectra for damping estimation worked well for the forest site but underestimated damping for the peatland site by about 12 %. ...
Keywords	Text ; ddc:630
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Effect of management and weather variations on the greenhouse gas budget of two grasslands during a 10-year experiment

Ammann, Christof / Neftel, Albrecht / Jocher, Markus / Fuhrer, Jürg / Leifeld, Jens

Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 2020 Apr. 15, v. 292

2020

Abstract: While many studies have measured the CO2 and N2O exchange of grassland ecosystems and analysed the influence of relevant drivers, only few reported the entire carbon budget over multiple years, which is most relevant for the net greenhouse gas (GHG) ... ...

Abstract	While many studies have measured the CO2 and N2O exchange of grassland ecosystems and analysed the influence of relevant drivers, only few reported the entire carbon budget over multiple years, which is most relevant for the net greenhouse gas (GHG) source or sink effect. When analysing eddy-covariance-based flux measurements for management and weather related drivers, this is commonly done by comparing either different measurement years at one site or data from different sites distributed regionally or globally. However this procedure makes it usually difficult to clearly attribute observed differences in the carbon exchange to management effects or meteorological drivers.In this study we present results of the carbon and GHG budget of a 10-year paired grassland field experiment in Switzerland comparing intensive and extensive management. We focus on the inter-annual variability of the entire 10-year dataset and especially on the effect of a renovation activity in the intensive field after seven years. By comparing the results of the paired plots, we attempted to disentangle the effects of management including renovation from the effect of seasonal weather conditions on the carbon and greenhouse gas budget. The annual carbon budgets of the two paired fields showed clear systematic differences attributable to the different management. The inter-annual variation (IAV) of the carbon budget was determined as residuals from linear trends. Due to the high correlation of the IAV between the two parallel fields, it was assigned mainly to variations in seasonal weather conditions. The total range of weather attributed variations of annual NECB values was similar in magnitude to the systematic management induced difference between the two fields (100–200 gC m−2 yr−1). In contrast to previous studies on grassland renovation, a large net carbon loss and enhanced N2O emission over 2–3 years was observed here. The excess N2O emission after renovation could be well explained by the IPCC default emission factor approach when considering the additional N input by plant residues and the net soil organic matter mineralisation. Concerning the total GHG budget effect the cumulated GHG uptake by the INT field in the first six years of the experiment was more than compensated by the release in the three post-renovation years.
Keywords	carbon ; carbon dioxide ; data collection ; ecosystems ; emissions factor ; field experimentation ; global carbon budget ; grasslands ; greenhouse gas emissions ; greenhouse gases ; mineralization ; nitrous oxide ; plant residues ; soil organic matter ; weather ; Switzerland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0415
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	602345-9
ISSN	1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
ISSN (online)	1873-2305
ISSN	0167-8809
DOI	10.1016/j.agee.2019.106814
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Performance of open-path GasFinder3 devices for CH4 concentration measurements close to ambient levels

Häni, Christoph / Bühler, Marcel / Neftel, Albrecht / Ammann, Christof / Kupper, Thomas

eISSN: 1867-8548

2020

Abstract: Open-path measurements of methane (CH 4 ) with the use of GasFinder systems has been frequently used for emission estimation with the inverse dispersion method (IDM), specifically from agricultural sources. It is common to many IDM applications that the ... ...

Abstract	Open-path measurements of methane (CH 4 ) with the use of GasFinder systems has been frequently used for emission estimation with the inverse dispersion method (IDM), specifically from agricultural sources. It is common to many IDM applications that the concentration enhancement related to agricultural CH 4 sources is small, typically between 0.05 and 0.5 ppm, and accurate measurements of CH 4 concentrations are needed at concentrations close to ambient levels. The GasFinder3-OP (GF3) device for open-path CH 4 measurements is the latest version of the commercial GasFinder systems by Boreal Laser Inc. We investigated the uncertainty of six GF3 devices from side by side intercomparison measurements and comparisons to a closed-path quantum cascade laser device. Relative biases as high as 8.3 % were found and a precision between 2.1 and 10.6 ppm-m was estimated. These results deviate from the respective manufacturer specifications of 2 % and 0.5 ppm-m. Intercalibration of the GF3 devices by linear regression to remove measurement bias was shown to be of limited value due to drifts and step changes in the recorded GF3 concentrations.
Subject code	621 ; 290
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-07
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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