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Article ; Online: Seawater Accelerated the Aging of Polystyrene and Enhanced Its Toxic Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans

Tong Zhou / Jiajie Wu / Yun Liu / An Xu

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 24, p

2023 Volume 17219

Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants and pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems. Although previous studies have documented the mechanisms and toxic effects of aging MPs in various environments, the impact of the marine environment on MPs ... ...

Abstract	Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants and pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems. Although previous studies have documented the mechanisms and toxic effects of aging MPs in various environments, the impact of the marine environment on MPs remains unclear. In the present study, the aging process of polystyrene (PS) in seawater was simulated and the changes in its physicochemical properties were investigated. Our results showed that the surface of the PS eroded in the seawater, which was accompanied by the release of aged MPs with a smaller size. In situ optical photothermal infrared microspectroscopy revealed that the mechanism of PS aging was related to the opening of the carbonyl group and breaking of the bond between carbon and benzene removal. To verify the toxic effects of aged PS, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to PS. Aged PS resulted in a greater reduction in locomotion, vitality, and reproduction than virgin PS. Mechanistically, aged PS led to oxidative stress, high glutathione s-transferase activity, and high total glutathione in worms. Together, our findings provided novel information regarding the accelerated aging of PS in seawater and the increased toxicity of aged PS, which could improve our understanding of MPs’ ecotoxicity in the marine environment.
Keywords	microplastics ; seawater ; aging ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; toxic effects ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Misdiagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis: A case report and literature review.

Shi, Guanyu / Wang, Leibo / Peng, Guangxu / An, Xu / Lu, Xingyong / Wu, Huagu / Li, Yongjun

Medicine

2024 Volume 103, Issue 7, Page(s) e36668

Abstract: Rationale: Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare and specific transmural inflammatory disease in clinic. At present, its etiology is unknown, its clinical manifestations are diverse, and its auxiliary examination lacks specificity, so it is easy to be ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare and specific transmural inflammatory disease in clinic. At present, its etiology is unknown, its clinical manifestations are diverse, and its auxiliary examination lacks specificity, so it is easy to be missed or misdiagnosed in clinical practice. Patient concerns: A 72-year-old male patient with symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction accompanied by hematuria was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia with bleeding by B-ultrasound and urinary CT examination. After being treated with catheterization, anti-infection and hemostasis, he was selectively treated with transurethral resection of prostate, but he saw a pattern mass on the right back wall of the bladder during the operation. Considering bladder tumor, he removed the lesion and gave pirarubicin for bladder perfusion. However, the postoperative pathological result was EC. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of EC can only rely on pathological examination, and the accurate and positive rate of biopsy can be improved by obtaining muscle tissue as much as possible at the same time of multi-point biopsy. Intervention: Prednisone and cetirizine were given orally after transurethral resection of lesions, and tamsulosin and finasteride were given regularly to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Outcomes: No recurrence and abnormal urination were found during the follow-up for half a year, and the upper urinary tract function was normal. Lessons: The clinical manifestations of EC are atypical, the laboratory examination and imaging examination are not specific, and it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before operation. The diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Transurethral resection of the lesion can obviously improve the positive rate of biopsy while completely removing the lesion, and the combined drug treatment can achieve satisfactory results in a short period of time. Active follow-up after operation is very important to identify the recurrence of the disease and prevent the upper urinary tract function from being damaged.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate/adverse effects ; Urinary Bladder/pathology ; Cystitis/diagnosis ; Cystitis/etiology ; Leukocyte Disorders ; Diagnostic Errors/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000036668
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Article ; Online: Effects of moderate static magnetic fields on the lipogenesis and lipolysis in different genders of Caenorhabditis elegans

Zicheng Liu / Lei Cheng / Baolin Yang / Zhenxiao Cao / Meng Sun / Yu Feng / An Xu

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 259, Iss , Pp 115005- (2023)

2023

Abstract: With the rapid development of magnetic technology, the biological effects of moderate static magnetic fields (SMFs) have attracted increasing research interest due to their potential medical diagnosis and treatment application. The present study explored ...

Abstract	With the rapid development of magnetic technology, the biological effects of moderate static magnetic fields (SMFs) have attracted increasing research interest due to their potential medical diagnosis and treatment application. The present study explored the effects of moderate SMFs on the lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in different genders including male, female, and hermaphrodite. We found that the fat content was significantly decreased by moderate SMFs in wild-type N2 worms, which was associated with their development stages. The diameters of lipid droplets in N2 worms, him-5 worms, and fog-2 worms were greatly decreased by 19.23%, 15.38%, and 23.07% at young adult stage under 0.5 T SMF, respectively. The mRNA levels of lipolysis related genes atgl-1 and nhr-76 were significantly up-regulated by SMF exposure, while the mRNA levels of the lipogenesis related genes fat-6, fat-7, and sbp-1 were down-regulated by SMF, whereas the concentration of β-oxidase was increased. There was a slight effect of SMF on the mRNA levels of β-oxidation related genes. Moreover, the insulin and serotonin pathway were regulated by SMF, instead of the TOR pathway. In wild-type worms, we found that their lifespan was prolonged by exposure to 0.5 T SMF. Our data suggested that moderate SMFs could significantly modify the lipogenesis and lipolysis process in C. elegans in a gender and development stage-dependent manner, which could provide a novel insight into understanding the function of moderate SMFs in living organisms.
Keywords	Moderate static magnetic fields ; C. elegans ; Lipogenesis and lipolysis ; Gender ; Signaling pathway ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Multi-generation reproductive toxicity of RDX and the involved signal pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans

Lingyan Sun / Yanping Zhou / Chunyan Wang / Yaguang Nie / An Xu / Lijun Wu

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 260, Iss , Pp 115074- (2023)

2023

Abstract: As one of the most frequently used explosives, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can cause persistent pollution in the environment, leading to the potential ecological threat crossing the generations. In this study, we employed Caenorhabditis ...

Abstract	As one of the most frequently used explosives, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can cause persistent pollution in the environment, leading to the potential ecological threat crossing the generations. In this study, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans to explore the toxic effects of RDX on the parental and offspring worms and the involved signaling pathways. Exposure up to 1000 ng/mL of RDX produced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, germ cell apoptosis, and decrease in eggs laid. Various mutants were used to demonstrate the RDX-induced apoptosis signaling pathway, and the metabolism of RDX in the nematodes was found related to cytochrome P450 and GST through RNA sequencing. Exposure of parental worms to RDX produced significant reproductive toxicity in F1 and F2, but was recovered in F3 and F4. The transgenerational effects were associated with the decreased expression of met-2, spr-5, and set-2. Our findings revealed the signaling pathways related to the reproductive toxicity caused by RDX in C. elegans and their future generations, which provided the basis for further exploration of the ecological risks of energetic compounds in the environment.
Keywords	RDX ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Transgenerational effects ; Methylation ; Reproductive toxicity ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Multigenerational effects and mutagenicity of three flame retardants on germ cells in Caenorhabditis elegans

Jiali Li / Linglong Dai / Yu Feng / Zhenxiao Cao / Yuting Ding / Hao Xu / An Xu / Hua Du

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 269, Iss , Pp 115815- (2024)

1481

Abstract: Flame retardants (FRs) have raised public concerns because of their environmental persistence and negative impacts on human health. Recent evidence has revealed that many FRs exhibit reproductive toxicities and transgenerational impacts, whereas the ... ...

Abstract	Flame retardants (FRs) have raised public concerns because of their environmental persistence and negative impacts on human health. Recent evidence has revealed that many FRs exhibit reproductive toxicities and transgenerational impacts, whereas the toxic effects of FRs on germ cells remain barely explored. Here we investigated the multigenerational effects of three flame retardants (TBBPA, TCEP and TCPP) on germ cell development in Caenorhabditis elegans, and examined the germ cell mutagenicity of these FRs by using whole genome sequencing. Parental exposure to three FRs markedly increased germ cell apoptosis, and impeded oogenesis in F1-F6 offspring. In addition, the double-increased mutation frequencies observed in progeny genomes uncover the mutagenic actions of FRs on germ cells. Analysis of mutation spectra revealed that these FRs predominantly induced point mutations at A:T base pairs, whereas both small and large indels were almost unaffected. These results revealed the long-term effects of FRs on development and genomic stability of germ cells, which may pose risks to environmental organisms and human reproductive health. Taken together, our findings suggest that germ cell mutagenicity should be carefully examined for the environmental risk assessment of FRs and other emerging pollutants.
Keywords	Flame retardants ; Mutigenerational effects ; Germ cell mutagenicity ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Whole genome sequencing ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antibacterial Mechanism of Chitosan–Gentamicin and Its Effect on the Intestinal Flora of Litopenaeus vannamei Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Lefan Li / Fengyan Liang / Chengpeng Li / Tingting Hou / Dong-an Xu

Marine Drugs, Vol 20, Iss 702, p

2022 Volume 702

Abstract: To explore the application of chitosan–gentamicin conjugate (CS-GT) in inhibiting Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( V. parahaemolyticus ), which is an important pathogen in aquatic animals worldwide, the antimicrobial activity of CS-GT and the effects of a CS-GT ...

Abstract	To explore the application of chitosan–gentamicin conjugate (CS-GT) in inhibiting Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( V. parahaemolyticus ), which is an important pathogen in aquatic animals worldwide, the antimicrobial activity of CS-GT and the effects of a CS-GT dose on the intestine histopathology and intestinal flora of V. parahaemolyticus -infected shrimps were explored. The results showed that CS-GT possessed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and half inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 20.00 ± 0.01, 75.00 ± 0.02 and 18.72 ± 3.17 μg/mL for V. parahaemolyticus , respectively. Further scanning electron microscope and cell membrane damage analyses displayed that the electrostatic interaction of CS-GT with cell membrane strengthened after CS grafted GT, resulting in leakage of nucleic acid and electrolytes of V. parahaemolyticus . On the other hand, histopathology investigation indicated that high (100 mg/kg) and medium (50 mg/kg) doses of CS-GT could alleviate the injury of a shrimp’s intestine caused by V. parahaemolyticus . Further 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis found high and medium dose of CS-GT could effectively inhabit V. parahaemolyticus invasion and reduce intestinal dysfunction. In conclusion, CS-GT possesses good antibacterial activity and could protect shrimps from pathogenic bacteria infection.
Keywords	chitosan ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; antimicrobial mechanism ; intestine microbe ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Identification and Expression Analysis of the Populus trichocarpa GASA -Gene Family

Kai Wu / Yanshu Qu / Hao Rong / Xin Han / Yating Tian / Li’an Xu

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 1507, p

2022 Volume 1507

Abstract: The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis ( GASA ) gene family plays an important regulatory role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, we identified 19 GASA genes using bioinformatics-based methods in Populus trichocarpa , and these ... ...

Abstract	The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis ( GASA ) gene family plays an important regulatory role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, we identified 19 GASA genes using bioinformatics-based methods in Populus trichocarpa , and these PtGASA genes could be divided into three categories based on their phylogenetic relationships. Based on an analysis of the structure and motifs of these genes, it was concluded that PtGASA class II members are more conserved than class I and class III members are, and the results of collinearity analysis showed that members of class II are collinearly related in poplar. Expression analysis of Populus trichocarpa roots, stems, and leaves showed that most of the PtGASA genes are expressed at higher levels in the stems or roots than in the leaves; a similar expression pattern was found in Vitis vinifera , indicating that the GASA -family members mainly play a role in the morphogenesis of poplar. Considering the phenomenon of gene amplification, we found that the higher the similarity of homologous genes was, the more similar the expression patterns. This study represents the first whole-genome identification and expression-profile analysis of the GASA -gene family in poplar, a model species, laying a foundation for functional studies of poplar GASA genes and serving as a reference for related research on other woody plant species.
Keywords	GASA ; characterization ; Populus trichocarpa ; expression profile ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SARM1 deletion restrains NAFLD induced by high fat diet (HFD) through reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid accumulation.

Pan, Zhen-Guo / An, Xu-Sheng

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

2018 Volume 498, Issue 3, Page(s) 416–423

Abstract: SARM1 (Sterile alpha and armadillo motif-containing protein 1) is the recently identified TIR domain-containing cytosolic protein, which is involved in toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling transduction. In the present study, the role of SARM1 in high fat ...

Abstract	SARM1 (Sterile alpha and armadillo motif-containing protein 1) is the recently identified TIR domain-containing cytosolic protein, which is involved in toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling transduction. In the present study, the role of SARM1 in high fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression was explored. We found that SARM1 was expressed highly in fatty liver. And SARM1-knockout (KO) reduced steatohepatitis and metabolic disorders induced by HFD. SARM1-deletion decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, inflammatory response caused by HFD was alleviated by SARM1-deletion through inactivating TLR4/7/9 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Of note, SARM1-deletion also reduced the expressions of inflammation-associated molecules in hypothalamus of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, HFD administration led to oxidative stress in liver of mice, while being decreased in SARM1-KO mice. Moreover, SARM1-ablation improved lipid dyslipidemia by suppressing the mRNA levels of genes, linked to glycolysis, lipogenesis and transcriptional regulation. Insulin resistance was also attenuated by SARM1-deficiency through enhancing the activation of liver Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)/FOXO1 pathways in HFD-fed mice. Also, SARM1-knockout improved neuropeptide Y (NPY), Pro-Opiomelanocortins (POMC), Agouti-related Protein (AGRP) and Cocaine-and-Amphetamine Responsive Transcript 1 (CART1) expressions in hypothalamus of mice after HFD administration. In vitro, we found that the reduction of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia induced by SARM1-knockout in primary hepatocytes after fructose stimulation was largely attributed to its suppression to TLR4/7/9. Together, the findings demonstrated that SARM1 might be an effective target for developing effective therapeutic strategies against NAFLD.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/genetics ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Gene Deletion ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/pathology ; Inflammation/etiology ; Inflammation/genetics ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology ; Oxidative Stress
Chemical Substances	Armadillo Domain Proteins ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; SARM1 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2018--06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205723-2
ISSN	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
ISSN (online)	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
ISSN	0006-291X
DOI	10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.115
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Article ; Online: ARF family identification in Tamarix chinensis reveals the salt responsive expression of TcARF6 targeted by miR167

Youju Ye / Jianwen Wang / Wei Wang / Li-an Xu

PeerJ, Vol 8, p e

2020 Volume 8829

Abstract: Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important transcription factors (TFs) that are differentially expressed in response to various abiotic stresses. The important roles of ARFs and small RNA-ARF pathways in mediating plant growth and stress responses have ... ...

Abstract	Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important transcription factors (TFs) that are differentially expressed in response to various abiotic stresses. The important roles of ARFs and small RNA-ARF pathways in mediating plant growth and stress responses have emerged in several recent studies. However, no studies on the involvement of ARFs in tamarisk trees, which are resistant to salinity, have been conducted. In this study, systematic analysis revealed 12 TcARF genes belonging to five different groups in Tamarix chinensis. The microRNA response elements of miR160, which belongs to group I and miR167, which belongs to group III, were conserved in terms of their location and sequence. Moreover, digital gene expression profiles suggested that a potential miR167 target gene, TcARF6, was rapidly expressed in response to salt stress. Cloning of TcARF6 revealed that TcARF6 could be an activation TF with a glutamine-rich region and expression pattern analysis revealed that the expression of TcARF6 was significantly downregulated specifically in the roots. A significant negative correlation in the expression pattern of tch-miR167/TcARF6 indicated that this module may play a key role in the response to salt stress. Overall, these results provide basic information on the posttranscriptional regulation of TcARF6 for future investigations of the T. chinensis salt-stress response.
Keywords	Auxin response factor ; MicroRNA response element ; MiR167 ; Salt stress response ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Radiomics signature for the prediction of progression-free survival and radiotherapeutic benefits in pediatric medulloblastoma.

Liu, Zhi-Ming / Zhang, Heng / Ge, Ming / Hao, Xiao-Lei / An, Xu / Tian, Yong-Ji

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

2022 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 1085–1094

Abstract: Purpose: To develop and validate a radiomics signature for progression-free survival (PFS) and radiotherapeutic benefits in pediatric medulloblastoma.: Materials and methods: We retrospectively enrolled 253 consecutive children with medulloblastoma ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To develop and validate a radiomics signature for progression-free survival (PFS) and radiotherapeutic benefits in pediatric medulloblastoma. Materials and methods: We retrospectively enrolled 253 consecutive children with medulloblastoma from two hospitals. A total of 1294 radiomic features were extracted from the region of tumor on the T1-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1w) MRI. Radiomic feature selection and machine learning modelling were performed to build radiomics signature for the prediction of PFS on the training set. Moreover, the prognostic performance of the clinical parameters was investigated for PFS. The Concordance index (a value of 0.5 indicates no predictive discrimination, and a value of 1 indicates perfect predictive discrimination) was used to measure and compare the prognostic performance of these models. Results: The radiomics signature for the prediction of the PFS yielded Concordance indices of 0.711, 0.707, and 0.717 on the training and held-out test sets 1 and 2, respectively. The radiomics nomogram integrating the radiomics signature, age, and metastasis performed better than the nomogram incorporating only clinicopathological factors (C-index, 0.723 vs. 0.665 and 0.722 vs. 0.677 on the held-out test sets 1 and 2, respectively), which was also validated by the good calibration and decision curve analysis. Further analysis demonstrated that patients with lower value of radiomics signature were associated with better clinical outcomes after postoperative radiotherapy (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The radiomics signature and nomogram performed well for the prediction of PFS and could stratify patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy into the high- and low-risk groups with significantly different clinical outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Child ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma/diagnostic imaging ; Medulloblastoma/radiotherapy ; Nomograms ; Progression-Free Survival ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605988-0
ISSN	1433-0350 ; 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
ISSN (online)	1433-0350
ISSN	0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
DOI	10.1007/s00381-022-05507-6
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