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  1. Article ; Online: Developing Oncolytic Viruses for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer.

    Kalafati, Eleni / Drakopoulou, Ekati / Anagnou, Nicholas P / Pappa, Kalliopi I

    Cells

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 14

    Abstract: Cervical cancer represents one of the most important malignancies among women worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer are reported not only to be inadequate for metastatic cervical cancer, but are also considered as cytotoxic for ... ...

    Abstract Cervical cancer represents one of the most important malignancies among women worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer are reported not only to be inadequate for metastatic cervical cancer, but are also considered as cytotoxic for several patients leading to serious side effects, which can have negative implications on the quality of life of women. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of innovative and effective treatment options. Oncolytic viruses can eventually become effective biological agents, since they preferentially infect and kill cancer cells, while leaving the normal tissue unaffected. Moreover, they are also able to leverage the host immune system response to limit tumor growth. This review aims to systematically describe and discuss the different types of oncolytic viruses generated for targeting cervical cancer cells, as well as the outcome of the combination of virotherapy with conventional therapies. Although many preclinical studies have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses in cervical cancer, the number of clinical trials so far is limited, while their oncolytic properties are currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of other malignancies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Oncolytic Viruses/physiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; Quality of Life ; Immunotherapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells12141838
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Gene Therapy for Malignant and Benign Gynaecological Disorders: A Systematic Review of an Emerging Success Story.

    Drakopoulou, Ekati / Anagnou, Nicholas P / Pappa, Kalliopi I

    Cancers

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 13

    Abstract: Despite the major advances in screening and therapeutic approaches, gynaecological malignancies still present as a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Cervical cancer, although largely preventable through vaccination and regular ... ...

    Abstract Despite the major advances in screening and therapeutic approaches, gynaecological malignancies still present as a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Cervical cancer, although largely preventable through vaccination and regular screening, remains the fourth most common and most lethal cancer type in women, while the available treatment schemes still pose a fertility threat. Ovarian cancer is associated with high morbidity rates, primarily due to lack of symptoms and high relapse rates following treatment, whereas endometrial cancer, although usually curable by surgery, it still represents a therapeutic problem. On the other hand, benign abnormalities, such as fibroids, endometriosis, placental, and embryo implantation disorders, although not life-threatening, significantly affect women's life and fertility and have high socio-economic impacts. In the last decade, targeted gene therapy approaches toward both malignant and benign gynaecological abnormalities have led to promising results, setting the ground for successful clinical trials. The above therapeutic strategies employ both viral and non-viral systems for mutation compensation, suicide gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, antiangiogenesis and immunopotentiation. This review discusses all the major advances in gene therapy of gynaecological disorders and highlights the novel and potentially therapeutic perspectives associated with such an approach.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers14133238
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Metabolic rewiring is associated with HPV-specific profiles in cervical cancer cell lines.

    Pappa, Kalliopi I / Daskalakis, George / Anagnou, Nicholas P

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 17718

    Abstract: Both HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancers are associated with aberrant metabolism, although the oncogenic drivers remain elusive. Here we show the assessment of the metabolomic profiles of four distinct cervical cell lines, a normal and three ... ...

    Abstract Both HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancers are associated with aberrant metabolism, although the oncogenic drivers remain elusive. Here we show the assessment of the metabolomic profiles of four distinct cervical cell lines, a normal and three cancer cell lines, one HPV-negative (C33A) and two HPV-positive (SiHa HPV16+, HeLa HPV18+), employing an ultra performance liquid chromatography and a high resolution mass spectrometry. Out of the total 462 metabolites, 248 to 326 exhibited statistically significant differences, while Random Forests analysis identified unique molecules for each cell line. The two HPV+ cell lines exhibited features of Warburg metabolism, consistent with the role of the HPV E6 protein. SiHa and HeLa cells displayed purine salvage pathway activity, while C33A cells revealed synthesis of cytidine, via a novel mechanism. These data document a highly dynamic HPV-specific rewiring of metabolic pathways occurring in cervical cancer. Therefore, this approach can eventually provide novel mechanistic insights into cervical carcinogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Line, Tumor ; Cervix Uteri/metabolism ; Cervix Uteri/pathology ; Cervix Uteri/virology ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Niacin/metabolism ; Nucleic Acids/metabolism ; Papillomavirus Infections/metabolism ; Papillomavirus Infections/pathology ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology ; Proteomics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
    Chemical Substances Nucleic Acids ; Niacin (2679MF687A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-96038-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Mimiviruses: Giant viruses with novel and intriguing features (Review).

    Kalafati, Eleni / Papanikolaou, Eleni / Marinos, Evangelos / Anagnou, Nicholas P / Pappa, Kalliopi I

    Molecular medicine reports

    2022  Volume 25, Issue 6

    Abstract: The Mimivirus is a giant virus that infects amoebae and was long considered to be a bacterium due to its size. The viral particles are composed of a protein capsid of ~500 nm in diameter, which is enclosed in a polysaccharide layer in which ~120‑140 nm ... ...

    Abstract The Mimivirus is a giant virus that infects amoebae and was long considered to be a bacterium due to its size. The viral particles are composed of a protein capsid of ~500 nm in diameter, which is enclosed in a polysaccharide layer in which ~120‑140 nm long fibers are embedded, resulting in an overall diameter of 700 nm. The virus has a genome size of 1.2 Mb DNA, and surprisingly, replicates only in the cytoplasm of the infected cells without entering the nucleus, which is a unique characteristic among DNA viruses. Their existence is undeniable; however, as with any novel discovery, there is still uncertainty concerning their pathogenicity mechanisms in humans and the nature of the Mimivirus virophage resistance element system (MIMIVIRE), a term given to describe the immune network of the Mimivirus, which closely resembles the CRISPR‑Cas system. The scope of the present review is to discuss the recent developments derived from structural and functional studies performed on the distinctive characteristics of the Mimivirus, and from studies concerning their putative clinical relevance in humans.
    MeSH term(s) Amoeba ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Capsid ; Giant Viruses/genetics ; Humans ; Mimiviridae/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-04
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2469505-1
    ISSN 1791-3004 ; 1791-2997
    ISSN (online) 1791-3004
    ISSN 1791-2997
    DOI 10.3892/mmr.2022.12723
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Optimized γ-Globin Lentiviral Vector GGHI-mB-3D Leads to Nearly Therapeutic HbF Levels In Vitro in CD34

    Drakopoulou, Ekati / Georgomanoli, Maria / Lederer, Carsten W / Panetsos, Fottes / Kleanthous, Marina / Voskaridou, Ersi / Valakos, Dimitrios / Papanikolaou, Eleni / Anagnou, Nicholas P

    Viruses

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 12

    Abstract: We have previously demonstrated that both the original γ-globin lentiviral vector (LV) GGHI and the optimized GGHI-mB-3D LV, carrying the novel regulatory elements of the 3D HPFH-1 enhancer and the 3' β-globin UTR, can significantly increase HbF ... ...

    Abstract We have previously demonstrated that both the original γ-globin lentiviral vector (LV) GGHI and the optimized GGHI-mB-3D LV, carrying the novel regulatory elements of the 3D HPFH-1 enhancer and the 3' β-globin UTR, can significantly increase HbF production in thalassemic CD34
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; gamma-Globins/genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Lentivirus/genetics ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics ; beta-Thalassemia/therapy ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy
    Chemical Substances gamma-Globins ; Fetal Hemoglobin (9034-63-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14122716
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: p16/Ki-67 Dual Staining Is a Reliable Biomarker for Risk Stratification for Patients With Borderline/Mild Cytology in Cervical Cancer Screening.

    Magkana, Maria / Mentzelopoulou, Panagiota / Magkana, Ekaterini / Pampanos, Andreas / Vrachnis, Nikolaos / Kalafati, Eleni / Daskalakis, Georgios / Domali, Ekaterini / Thomakos, Nikolaos / Rodolakis, Alexandros / Anagnou, Nicholas P / Pappa, Kalliopi I

    Anticancer research

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) 2599–2606

    Abstract: Background/aim: To evaluate p16/Ki-67 dual-staining performance for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in the management of women with minor cervical abnormalities.: Patients and methods: All 759 enrolled ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim: To evaluate p16/Ki-67 dual-staining performance for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in the management of women with minor cervical abnormalities.
    Patients and methods: All 759 enrolled patients were tested for cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and dual p16/Ki-67 staining.
    Results: Positivity rates for HR-HPV and dual staining increased as dysplasia was worsened from non-CIN (37.6% and 0%) to CIN1 (62.5% and 1.6%) and CIN2+ (98.7% and 97.3%), respectively. HPV18 and HPV16 exhibited the highest odds ratios (53.16 and 11.31) in the CIN2+ group. Both p16/Ki-67 dual staining and HR-HPV presented similar sensitivities (97.3% and 98.7%, respectively) for CIN2+ detection. Dual staining specificity, however, was 99.3%, significantly higher compared to HR-HPV testing (52.2%). The utility of dual staining was evaluated in different screening strategies and appeared to reduce the number of colposcopies required for the detection of CIN2+ cases.
    Conclusion: p16/Ki-67 dual-staining cytology is a surrogate triage biomarker in cytology-based screening programs, with high performance for efficient risk stratification of women with mild cervical abnormalities.
    MeSH term(s) Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/diagnosis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Risk Assessment ; Staining and Labeling ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Ki-67 Antigen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604549-2
    ISSN 1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
    ISSN (online) 1791-7530
    ISSN 0250-7005
    DOI 10.21873/anticanres.15738
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Novel structural approaches concerning HPV proteins: Insight into targeted therapies for cervical cancer (Review).

    Pappa, Kalliopi I / Kontostathi, Georgia / Lygirou, Vasiliki / Zoidakis, Jerome / Anagnou, Nicholas P

    Oncology reports

    2018  Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 1547–1554

    Abstract: Cervical cancer incidence is tightly linked to HPV infection, and particularly virus types 16 and 18 cause the majority of cases presenting with pre-cancerous stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Structural and functional information ... ...

    Abstract Cervical cancer incidence is tightly linked to HPV infection, and particularly virus types 16 and 18 cause the majority of cases presenting with pre-cancerous stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Structural and functional information concerning HPV proteins can offer novel insight into the mechanism(s) of cancer progression in the cervical epithelium. Recently, novel structural determinants of the interactions of viral proteins with their targets in keratinocytes have been elucidated. These exciting findings open the way for the development of targeted anti-oncogenic therapies, and may eventually allow the introduction of novel approaches for a rational cervical cancer treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Epithelium/pathology ; Epithelium/virology ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Human papillomavirus 16/chemistry ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics ; Human papillomavirus 16/pathogenicity ; Human papillomavirus 18/chemistry ; Human papillomavirus 18/genetics ; Human papillomavirus 18/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/chemistry ; Keratinocytes/virology ; Precancerous Conditions/genetics ; Precancerous Conditions/pathology ; Precancerous Conditions/virology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry ; Viral Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Viral Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-09
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1222484-4
    ISSN 1791-2431 ; 1021-335X
    ISSN (online) 1791-2431
    ISSN 1021-335X
    DOI 10.3892/or.2018.6257
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Major challenges for gene therapy of thalassemia and sickle cell disease.

    Papanikolaou, Eleni / Anagnou, Nicholas P

    Current gene therapy

    2010  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 404–412

    Abstract: Gene therapy utilizing retroviral vectors is being postulated as a real therapeutic alternative for many hemopoietic inherited diseases, such as β-thalassemia or sickle cell disease. A major limitation of current vectors is their inability to achieve ... ...

    Abstract Gene therapy utilizing retroviral vectors is being postulated as a real therapeutic alternative for many hemopoietic inherited diseases, such as β-thalassemia or sickle cell disease. A major limitation of current vectors is their inability to achieve efficient gene transfer into quiescent cells, such as human CD34+ cells that reside in the Go phase of the cell cycle and are highly enriched in hemopoietic stem cells. For that reason, lentiviral vectors (LVs) were proven to be more efficient than oncoretroviral vectors. Additional problems of these vectors are a) the low titers observed due to regulatory elements of the β-globin locus, used for the improvement of the transgene's expression b) the eventual silencing of the transgene and c) the toxicity posed on CD34+ cells due to the usage of VSV-G as an envelope protein. These facts hamper their application for gene therapy of hematopoietic cells. Thus, the major current drawbacks of the field affecting therapeutic efficacy, include 1) insufficient transduction efficiency of the target hemopoietic stem cells, 2) inconsistent expression of the transgene, 3) putative aberrant expression near integration sites raising safety issues and 4) lack of long term expression of the transgene exhibiting eventual silencing. This review presents the current status of globin gene therapy for the hemoglobin disorders, reviews the recent results and discusses how the knowledge gained from these trials can be used to develop a safe and effective gene therapy approach for the treatment of β-thalassemia and SCD.
    MeSH term(s) Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Genetic Therapy/trends ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Thalassemia/genetics ; Thalassemia/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-08-09
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2146187-9
    ISSN 1875-5631 ; 1566-5232
    ISSN (online) 1875-5631
    ISSN 1566-5232
    DOI 10.2174/156652310793180724
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The Q192R polymorphism of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene is associated with susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus in the Greek population.

    Pappa, Kalliopi I / Gazouli, Maria / Anastasiou, Eleni / Loutradis, Dimitrios / Anagnou, Nicholas P

    Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology

    2017  Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 617–620

    Abstract: A key factor protecting from oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is paraoxonase-1 (PON1). Inconclusive and limited data exist regarding the effect of a coding polymorphism (Q192R) of the PON1 gene in ... ...

    Abstract A key factor protecting from oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is paraoxonase-1 (PON1). Inconclusive and limited data exist regarding the effect of a coding polymorphism (Q192R) of the PON1 gene in conferring susceptibility to both states. In the present study, we investigated the association between the PON1 gene and the risk for GDM in the Greek population and assessed for the first time its transcriptional efficiency. We studied 185 women with GDM and 104 non-diabetic controls for the PON1 polymorphism. For PON1 mRNA expression, peripheral leucocytes were harvested from 20 GDM and 20 control women, harboring different genotypes for the polymorphism, using real-time quantitative PCR. The RR genotype and the R allele of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were significantly associated with an increased risk for GDM (p = 0.012 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, there was no statistical correlation between the individual metabolic parameters tested and the three genotypes. Finally, the expression levels of PON1 mRNA in GDM patients did not exhibit any statistical difference compared with normal controls (p = 0.138). These data independently document that the Q192R polymorphism is closely associated with GDM susceptibility, while the PON1 gene expression is not impaired in GDM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639237-4
    ISSN 1473-0766 ; 0951-3590
    ISSN (online) 1473-0766
    ISSN 0951-3590
    DOI 10.1080/09513590.2017.1302419
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: High resolution analysis of the intracellular proteome of cervical cancer cell lines unveils novel regulators of cervical carcinogenesis.

    Pappa, Kalliopi I / Lygirou, Vasiliki / Kontostathi, Georgia / Makridakis, Manousos / Vougas, Konstantinos / Sfakianakis, Antonios / Daskalakis, George / Zoidakis, Jerome / Anagnou, Nicholas P

    Oncology reports

    2019  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 1441–1450

    Abstract: Cervical cancer remains the fourth most common and most lethal type of cancer in women, despite the applied regular screening and prevention strategies, while the available treatment schemes still pose a threat to fertility. Substantial understanding of ... ...

    Abstract Cervical cancer remains the fourth most common and most lethal type of cancer in women, despite the applied regular screening and prevention strategies, while the available treatment schemes still pose a threat to fertility. Substantial understanding of the underlying mechanisms and development of novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches are critical steps for improving cervical cancer management. Towards this goal, a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted between three cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa: HPV18+, SiHa: HPV16+, C33A: HPV‑) and normal cervical keratinocytes (HCK1T). The total cell extract of each cell line was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‑MS/MS). Differential expression analysis revealed 919, 826 and 1,370 deregulated proteins in the comparisons of HeLa, SiHa and C33A with HCK1T cell lines, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins highlighted common cancer characteristics such as high metabolic demands and increased cell turnover, confirming the validity of the proteomic results. Extensive literature mining of the consistently differentially expressed proteins that resulted from the three comparisons was performed leading to a shortlist of 21 proteins that are potentially involved in cervical malignancy. The criteria for this shortlisting were the association of the proteins with various types of cancer, while there is no study as yet associating their expression to cervical cancer. Moreover, the expression trend of two of the shortlisted proteins was validated using western blot analysis. The proteomic datasets generated in this study can be utilized to enrich the current knowledge on cervical cancer pathology and unveil key molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the shortlist of consistently deregulated proteins between cervical cancer cell lines and normal cervical keratinocytes can be used for validation in clinical samples and in functional investigation experiments that could ultimately lead to the discovery of novel disease biomarkers and drug targets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-08
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1222484-4
    ISSN 1791-2431 ; 1021-335X
    ISSN (online) 1791-2431
    ISSN 1021-335X
    DOI 10.3892/or.2019.7269
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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