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  1. Article ; Online: Making sense of and working with COVID-19 related guidelines and information in Danish general practice-A qualitative study.

    Andersen, Julie Høgsgaard / Møller, Anne / Due, Tina Drud

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) e0281579

    Abstract: Background: Attempts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have involved a massive flow of guidelines and information to health professionals on how to reorganize clinical work and handle patients with COVID-19. The aim of this paper is to investigate how ... ...

    Abstract Background: Attempts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have involved a massive flow of guidelines and information to health professionals on how to reorganize clinical work and handle patients with COVID-19. The aim of this paper is to investigate how Danish general practitioners (GPs) made sense of and worked with guidelines and associated information on COVID-19 in the first months of the pandemic.
    Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with 13 GPs in the beginning of the pandemic and again approximately three months later. Between the two interviews, they wrote daily notes for 20 days. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and the material was analyzed using thematic network analysis.
    Results: The interviewed GPs found the situation urgent and serious, and they spent a lot of time reading and working with COVID-19 related guidelines and associated information. Keeping up-to-date with and implementing guidelines was challenging due to the many sources of information and the constant guideline revisions. The GPs were able to assess patients' risk status but were challenged by the changing guidelines regarding this. The GPs found that deciding whether a COVID-19 patient needed to be admitted to hospital was relatively straightforward. An important final challenge was discrepancies between the government's public announcements regarding which patients could be tested for COVID-19, the guidelines provided to GPs, and the local testing capacities, which gave GPs extra work.
    Conclusion: In an urgent situation like the COVID-19 pandemic it is crucial to secure good communication between the government, health authorities, professional medical societies, and health professionals. Improved practices of collaboration between health authorities and professional societies could improve communication in future health crises and relieve GPs of some of the work involved in keeping up-to-date with information flows, constantly reviewing new guidelines, and dealing with communicative inconsistencies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; General Practice ; Qualitative Research ; General Practitioners ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Denmark/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0281579
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  2. Article ; Online: Managing persistent physical symptoms when being social and active is the norm: a qualitative study among young people in Denmark.

    Andersen, Julie Høgsgaard / Risør, Mette Bech / Frostholm, Lisbeth / Rask, Mette Trøllund / Rosendal, Marianne / Rask, Charlotte Ulrikka

    BMC public health

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 1949

    Abstract: Background: An increasing number of young people in Western countries report persistent physical symptoms (PPS). PPS may disturb everyday activities and they may have negative consequences for later adult mental and physical health. Still little is ... ...

    Abstract Background: An increasing number of young people in Western countries report persistent physical symptoms (PPS). PPS may disturb everyday activities and they may have negative consequences for later adult mental and physical health. Still little is known about how young people handle PPS in their everyday lives. This study examines how young people with PPS attempt to manage their symptoms while staying engaged in their daily activities and what is at stake in these attempts.
    Methods: This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 11 young people with PPS. Photo-elicitation was used to capture the participants' experiences as they occurred in their everyday lives. The data material was analysed using a thematic analysis approach, as well as theory on subjectivity and social acceleration.
    Results: The participants employed alleviating measures and tried to find patterns between their activities and the severity of their symptoms in order to adjust their activity level. Decisions not to participate in social activities were accompanied by feelings of missing out. The participants' attempts at adjusting their activity level was challenged by norms of being social and active, and they experienced difficulty prioritizing their activities and explaining their symptoms to others.
    Conclusion: PPS shaped the participants' sense of how to act towards their bodies and social relationships in interaction with societal norms. The participants' subject formation and symptom experiences should thus be seen as a biosocial process.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Qualitative Research ; Interpersonal Relations ; Denmark
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-023-16910-2
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  3. Article ; Online: Use of alternative consultation forms in Danish general practice in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic - a qualitative study.

    Due, Tina Drud / Thorsen, Thorkil / Andersen, Julie Høgsgaard

    BMC family practice

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 108

    Abstract: Background: Attempts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have led to radical reorganisations of health care systems worldwide. General practitioners (GPs) provide the vast majority of patient care, and knowledge of their experiences with providing care for ... ...

    Abstract Background: Attempts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have led to radical reorganisations of health care systems worldwide. General practitioners (GPs) provide the vast majority of patient care, and knowledge of their experiences with providing care for regular health issues during a pandemic is scarce. Hence, in a Danish context we explored how GPs experienced reorganising their work in an attempt to uphold sufficient patient care while contributing to minimizing the spread of COVID-19. Further, in relation to this, we examined what guided GPs' choices between telephone, video and face-to-face consultations.
    Methods: This study consisted of qualitative interviews with 13 GPs. They were interviewed twice, approximately three months apart in the initial phase of the pandemic, and they took daily notes for 20 days. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and inductively analysed.
    Results: The GPs re-organised their clinical work profoundly. Most consultations were converted to video or telephone, postponed or cancelled. The use of video first rose, but soon declined, once again replaced by an increased use of face-to-face consultations. When choosing between consultation forms, the GPs took into account the need to minimise the risk of COVID-19, the central guidelines, and their own preference for face-to-face consultations. There were variations over time and between the GPs regarding which health issues were dealt with by using video and/or the telephone. For some health issues, the GPs generally deemed it acceptable to use video or telephone, postpone or cancel appointments for a short term, and in a crisis situation. They experienced relational and technical limitations with video consultation, while diagnostic uncertainty was not regarded as a prominent issue CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates how the GPs experienced telephone and video consultations as being useful in a pandemic situation when face-to-face consultations had to be severely restricted. The GPs did, however, identify several limitations similar to those known in non-pandemic times. The weighing of pros and cons and their willingness to use these alternatives shifted and generally diminished when face-to-face consultations were once again deemed viable. In case of future pandemics, such alternatives seem valuable, at least for a short term.
    MeSH term(s) Attitude of Health Personnel ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Clinical Decision-Making/methods ; Denmark/epidemiology ; General Practice/methods ; General Practice/organization & administration ; General Practice/trends ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Pandemics ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/organization & administration ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends ; Qualitative Research ; Remote Consultation/methods ; Remote Consultation/organization & administration ; Remote Consultation/trends ; Telephone ; Videoconferencing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2296
    ISSN (online) 1471-2296
    DOI 10.1186/s12875-021-01468-y
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  4. Article ; Online: Unknown fates of (brain) oxidation or UFO: Close encounters with neuronal senescence.

    Walton, Chaska C / Andersen, Julie K

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2019  Volume 134, Page(s) 695–701

    Abstract: Oxidative stress has long been considered a key component contributing to pathologies associated with brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed mechanisms involved are varied, but recently have been suggested to include ... ...

    Abstract Oxidative stress has long been considered a key component contributing to pathologies associated with brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed mechanisms involved are varied, but recently have been suggested to include induction of cellular senescence, a cellular growth arrest state characterized by the secretion of pre-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. The post-mitotic status of neurons has been traditionally considered to prohibit cellular senescence, however recent studies have provided compelling evidence that neurons may be capable of undergoing senescence in response to oxidative stress and other factors. Development of senolytics, small molecules that selectively induce senescent cell death, could represent a paradigm change for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD, PD). However, their use depends on unequivocal validation that neurons can senesce and that they do not have detrimental off-target effects in other cell types in the brain and elsewhere.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cellular Senescence ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.012
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2109: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: mTORC2: The other mTOR in autophagy regulation.

    Ballesteros-Álvarez, Josué / Andersen, Julie K

    Aging cell

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 8, Page(s) e13431

    Abstract: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has gathered significant attention as a ubiquitously expressed multimeric kinase with key implications for cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This kinase forms the central core of two distinct complexes, ... ...

    Abstract The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has gathered significant attention as a ubiquitously expressed multimeric kinase with key implications for cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This kinase forms the central core of two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which share the ability of integrating environmental, nutritional, and hormonal cues but which regulate separate molecular pathways that result in different cellular responses. Particularly, mTORC1 has been described as a major negative regulator of endosomal biogenesis and autophagy, a catabolic process that degrades intracellular components and organelles within the lysosomes and is thought to play a key role in human health and disease. In contrast, the role of mTORC2 in the regulation of autophagy has been considerably less studied despite mounting evidence this complex may regulate autophagy in a different and perhaps complementary manner to that of mTORC1. Genetic ablation of unique subunits is currently being utilized to study the differential effects of the two mTOR complexes. RICTOR is the best-described subunit specific to mTORC2 and as such has become a useful tool for investigating the specific actions of this complex. The development of complex-specific inhibitors for mTORC2 is also an area of intense interest. Studies to date have demonstrated that mTORC1/2 complexes each signal to a variety of exclusive downstream molecules with distinct biological roles. Pinpointing the particular effects of these downstream effectors is crucial toward the development of novel therapies aimed at accurately modulating autophagy in the context of human aging and disease.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagy/immunology ; Humans ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2113083-8
    ISSN 1474-9726 ; 1474-9718
    ISSN (online) 1474-9726
    ISSN 1474-9718
    DOI 10.1111/acel.13431
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    Zs.A 6581: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: The intestinal immune system and gut barrier function in obesity and ageing

    Shemtov, Sarah J. / Emani, Rohini / Bielska, Olga / Covarrubias, Anthony J. / Verdin, Eric / Andersen, Julie K. / Winer, Daniel A.

    The FEBS Journal. 2023 Sept., v. 290, no. 17 p.4163-4186

    2023  

    Abstract: Obesity and ageing predispose to numerous, yet overlapping chronic diseases. For example, metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Low‐grade chronic inflammation ...

    Abstract Obesity and ageing predispose to numerous, yet overlapping chronic diseases. For example, metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Low‐grade chronic inflammation of tissues, such as the liver, visceral adipose tissue and neurological tissues, is considered a significant contributor to these chronic diseases. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to understand what drives this inflammation in affected tissues. Recent evidence, especially in the context of obesity, suggests that the intestine plays an important role as the gatekeeper of inflammatory stimuli that ultimately fuels low‐grade chronic tissue inflammation. In addition to metabolic diseases, abnormalities in the intestinal mucosal barrier have been linked to a range of other chronic inflammatory conditions, such as neurodegeneration and ageing. The flow of inflammatory stimuli from the gut is in part controlled by local immunological inputs impacting the intestinal barrier. Here, we will review the impact of obesity and ageing on the intestinal immune system and its downstream consequences on gut barrier function, which is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and age‐related diseases. In particular, we will discuss the effects of age‐related intestinal dysfunction on neurodegenerative diseases.
    Keywords absorption barrier ; adipose tissue ; immune system ; inflammation ; insulin resistance ; intestines ; liver ; mortality ; neurodegenerative diseases ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; obesity ; pathogenesis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Size p. 4163-4186.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note REVIEW
    ZDB-ID 2173655-8
    ISSN 1742-4658 ; 1742-464X
    ISSN (online) 1742-4658
    ISSN 1742-464X
    DOI 10.1111/febs.16558
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  7. Article ; Online: Reciprocal nutritional provisioning between leafcutter ants and their fungal cultivar mediates performance of symbiotic farming systems

    Bolander, Mille / Andersen, Julie Elmegaard / Conlon, Benjamin H. / Arnan, Xavier / Michelsen, Anders / Shik, Jonathan Zvi

    Functional Ecology. 2023 Dec., v. 37, no. 12 p.3079-3090

    2023  

    Abstract: Optimized food acquisition is challenging because foraged diet items are chemically complex and often nutritionally imbalanced. These challenges are likely magnified when foraged foods are used to provision others (e.g. offspring, nestmates, symbionts) ... ...

    Abstract Optimized food acquisition is challenging because foraged diet items are chemically complex and often nutritionally imbalanced. These challenges are likely magnified when foraged foods are used to provision others (e.g. offspring, nestmates, symbionts) with different nutritional requirements. We used a theoretical framework of nutritional niches to study these provisioning challenges in leafcutter ants that cultivate a fungal symbiont with nutrients derived from freshly foraged plant fragments. While the leaf‐cutting behaviours of free‐ranging foragers are well studied, little is known about how colonies use these plant fragments to produce their fungal crop within underground nest chambers. For instance, gardener ants are known to convert vegetation into a nutritional mulch that they plant on the fungus garden. However, it remains poorly understood how the ants use this mulch to target the specific nutritional needs of their fungal crop, and whether the cultivar signals if provisioned mulch meets its nutritional needs. Towards answers, we performed three experiments to assess the precision and specificity of nutritional regulation in farming systems of the Panamanian leafcutter ant Acromyrmex echinatior. A laboratory feeding experiment with nutritionally defined diets showed that ant farmers collect a specific intake target for protein and carbohydrates and then linked strict protein regulation by foragers to the cultivar's fundamental niche for protein. An in vitro experiment with the fungal cultivar in isolation did not detect a signal of protein stress that could be used by the ants to regulate their provisioning behaviour, but it did identify an elevated fatty acid that may reinforce optimal nutritional provisioning if detected by gardening ants. A feeding experiment with isotopically labelled diets then revealed nutrient‐specific and caste‐specific allocation timelines, with nitrogen being assimilated into the cultivar's nutritional rewards before being exclusively consumed by developing brood. In turn, these combined results help resolve the integrated behaviours that give rise to resilient leafcutter farming productivity. We further show how nutritional niches can help disentangle reciprocal provisioning dynamics between symbionts as well as the nutritional transactions that more generally mediate symbiotic stability (e.g. sanctioning, screening, policing). Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Keywords Acromyrmex echinatior ; cultivars ; diet ; fatty acids ; fungi ; fungus gardens ; isotope labeling ; mulches ; nitrogen ; optimal nutrition ; progeny ; symbionts ; vegetation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-12
    Size p. 3079-3090.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020307-X
    ISSN 1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
    ISSN (online) 1365-2435
    ISSN 0269-8463
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.14437
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  8. Article ; Online: Screening Method for Identifying Toxicants Capable of Inducing Astrocyte Senescence.

    Woods, Georgia / Andersen, Julie K

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2018  Volume 166, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–24

    Abstract: Cellular senescence is a tumor-suppressive mechanism which leads to near irreversible proliferative arrest. However, senescent cells can cause tissue dysfunction, in large part because they express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ... ...

    Abstract Cellular senescence is a tumor-suppressive mechanism which leads to near irreversible proliferative arrest. However, senescent cells can cause tissue dysfunction, in large part because they express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) involving secretion of, amongst other factors, proinflammatory cytokines known to compromise neuronal health. Therefore, established neurotoxicants may cause neurotoxicity in vivo, in part by triggering mitotic cells in the brain to undergo senescence and adopt an inflammatory SASP which in turn could cause deleterious effects to surrounding neurons. To begin to address this hypothesis, we examined whether we could screen known neurotoxicants for their ability to cause astrocytes (a mitotic cell type especially important for maintaining neuronal health) to undergo senescence. For this purpose, we utilized inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived human astrocytes and screened an 80 compound neurotoxicant library provided by the Biomolecular Screening Branch of the NIEHS National Toxicology Program. Here we present a screening method based on induction of the senescent marker, senescent-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). We describe in detail an automated method for the unbiased quantitation of percentage of SA-β-gal + astrocytes. Although our results suggest that conducting an SA-β-gal senescence screen using human inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes may be feasible, they also highlight challenges that likely preclude its adaptation to high-throughput. We also explore the possibility of using primary mouse astrocytes for this purpose and explain why this platform is problematic and very unlikely to yield meaningful results, even in small screens with compound replicates.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects ; Astrocytes/enzymology ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cellular Senescence/drug effects ; Histocytochemistry/methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Primary Cell Culture ; Small Molecule Libraries/toxicity ; beta-Galactosidase/analysis ; beta-Galactosidase/biosynthesis
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Small Molecule Libraries ; GLB1 protein, human (EC 3.2.1.23) ; beta-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfy181
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1709: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Atrial fibrillation-a complex polygenetic disease.

    Andersen, Julie H / Andreasen, Laura / Olesen, Morten S

    European journal of human genetics : EJHG

    2020  Volume 29, Issue 7, Page(s) 1051–1060

    Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia. Epidemiological studies have documented a substantial genetic component. More than 160 genes have been associated with AF during the last decades. Some of these were discovered by classical ... ...

    Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia. Epidemiological studies have documented a substantial genetic component. More than 160 genes have been associated with AF during the last decades. Some of these were discovered by classical linkage studies while the majority relies on functional studies or genome-wide association studies. In this review, we will evaluate the genetic basis of AF and the role of both common and rare genetic variants in AF. Rare variants in multiple ion-channel genes as well as gap junction and transcription factor genes have been associated with AF. More recently, a growing body of evidence has implicated structural genes with AF. An increased burden of atrial fibrosis in AF patients compared with non-AF patients has also been reported. These findings challenge our traditional understanding of AF being an electrical disease. We will focus on several quantitative landmark papers, which are transforming our understanding of AF by implicating atrial cardiomyopathies in the pathogenesis. This new AF research field may enable better diagnostics and treatment in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis ; Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/etiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/therapy ; Genetic Association Studies/methods ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1141470-4
    ISSN 1476-5438 ; 1018-4813
    ISSN (online) 1476-5438
    ISSN 1018-4813
    DOI 10.1038/s41431-020-00784-8
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  10. Article: Loss-of-Function Variants in the

    Clausen, Alexander Guldmann / Vad, Oliver Bundgaard / Andersen, Julie Husted / Olesen, Morten Salling

    Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 650667

    Abstract: Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the genes driving these associations and how they contribute to the AF pathogenesis remains poorly understood. To identify ... ...

    Abstract Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the genes driving these associations and how they contribute to the AF pathogenesis remains poorly understood. To identify genes likely to be driving the observed association, we searched the FinnGen study consisting of 12,859 AF cases and 73,341 controls for rare genetic variants predicted to cause loss-of-function. A specific splice site variant was found in the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2781496-8
    ISSN 2297-055X
    ISSN 2297-055X
    DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650667
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