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Artikel ; Online: Broken tails in Holstein dairy cattle: A cross-sectional study.

Olsen, Hannah E / Anderson, Karly N / Creutzinger, Katherine C / Vogel, Kurt D

JDS communications

2023 Band 4, Heft 4, Seite(n) 265–268

Abstract: Dairy cows are regularly handled when moved to the milking parlor and during other routine procedures. Low-stress handling methods are important in avoiding negative welfare states for dairy cattle. Tail twisting is used by some handlers to prompt cattle ...

Abstract	Dairy cows are regularly handled when moved to the milking parlor and during other routine procedures. Low-stress handling methods are important in avoiding negative welfare states for dairy cattle. Tail twisting is used by some handlers to prompt cattle movement. However, when used inappropriately with excessive force, tail twisting can lead to a broken tail. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine cow-level factors that may be associated with the prevalence of broken tails in dairy cattle. A subset of 229 Holstein dairy cows (68 primiparous and 161 multiparous) at a single dairy were assessed for broken tails from the larger herd (N = 1,356). Tails were visually assessed for the presence of fractures by a single trained observer. A tail was classified as unfractured if it laid straight when at rest and as fractured if there were deviations in the tail when at rest. Poisson regression models were used to identify associations between cow-level characteristics and broken tails and compute adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). The prevalence of broken tails was 45.8% (105/229) at the time of assessment. Multiparous cows had a greater prevalence of broken tails than primiparous cows [PR = 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-2.59]. The prevalence of broken tails was also greater for cows treated for mastitis ≥2 times than cows treated once for mastitis (PR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.08-3.13) and cows never treated for mastitis (PR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02-1.82). Results from this study indicated that the longer a cow was present on the farm and the more times she was treated for mastitis, the more likely she was to experience a broken tail. These findings suggest that the relationship between dairy cow handling, health, and welfare is a multifactorial issue.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-02
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-9102
ISSN (online)	2666-9102
DOI	10.3168/jdsc.2022-0254
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Assessment of United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service Humane Handling Enforcement Actions: 2018-2020.

Anderson, Karly N / Kirk, Ashlynn A / Vogel, Kurt D

Translational animal science

2022 Band 7, Heft 1, Seite(n) txac153

Abstract: Federally inspected slaughter establishments in the United States must adhere to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act and regulations that enforce it. Failure to comply with this law results in a Humane Handling Enforcement Action ( ...

Abstract	Federally inspected slaughter establishments in the United States must adhere to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act and regulations that enforce it. Failure to comply with this law results in a Humane Handling Enforcement Action (
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-12-01
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txac153
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Quantification of cooling effects on basic tissue measurements and exposed cross-sectional brain area of cadaver heads from Holstein cows > 30 mo of age.

Anderson, Karly N / Hamilton, Emma M / Kirk, Ashlynn A / Reyes, Arquimides A / Woiwode, Ruth / Zhitnitskiy, Perle E / Vogel, Kurt D

Translational animal science

2024 Band 8, Seite(n) txae042

Abstract: Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is the primary method of preslaughter stunning for cattle and is also used for on-farm euthanasia. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of cooling on the soft tissue thickness, cranial thickness, total ... ...

Abstract	Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is the primary method of preslaughter stunning for cattle and is also used for on-farm euthanasia. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of cooling on the soft tissue thickness, cranial thickness, total tissue thickness, and cross-sectional brain area of cadaver heads collected from mature (> 30 mo of age) dairy cows following the application of a PCB stun in a frontal placement. Hide-on cadaver heads were obtained from culled dairy cows (
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-03-16
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txae042
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Relationship of tissue dimensions and three captive bolt application sites on cadaver heads from mature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) <200 kg body weight.

Anderson, Karly N / Kirk, Ashlynn A / Berger, Jennifer / Reyes, Arquimides A / Woiwode, Ruth / Zhitnitskiy, Perle E / Vogel, Kurt D

Journal of animal science

2024 Band 102

Abstract: Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is a common method of euthanasia for swine but has not been evaluated for mature swine < 200 kg body weight (BW). The objectives were to determine tissue depth, brain contact plane, and visible brain tissue damage (brain ... ...

Abstract	Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is a common method of euthanasia for swine but has not been evaluated for mature swine < 200 kg body weight (BW). The objectives were to determine tissue depth, brain contact plane, and visible brain tissue damage (brain damage[BD]) for the common FRONTAL (F) and alternative TEMPORAL (T) and BEHIND EAR (BE) placements for PCB use on sows and boars weighing < 200 kg. Cadaver heads were obtained from 30 sows and 30 boars (estimated BW, mean ± SD; sows: 165.8 ± 22.4 kg; boars: 173.6 ± 21.4 kg) from a slaughter establishment after electrical stunning and exsanguination. Heads were cooled at 2 to 4 °C for approximately 64 h. A Jarvis PAS-Type P 0.25R PCB with a Long Stunning Rod Nosepiece Assembly and a 3.5 GR power load was used for all PCB applications at the following placements: F-3.5 cm superior to the optic orbits at midline, T-at the depression posterior to the lateral canthus of the eye within the plane between the lateral canthus and the base of the ear, or BE-directly caudal to the pinna of the ear on the same plane as the eyes and targeting the middle of the opposite eye. For sows, the bolt path was in the brain for 10/10 (100.0%, 95% CI: 69.2% to 100.0%) F, T, and BE heads. In heads that could reliably be assessed for BD, BD was detected in 10/10 (100.0%, 95% CI: 69.2% to 100.0%) F heads, 9/9 (100.0%, 95% CI: 66.4% to 100.0%) T heads, and 0/10 (0.0%, 95% CI: 0.0% to 30.1%) BE heads. For boars, the bolt path was in the plane of the brain for 8/9 (88.9%, 95% CI: 51.8% to 99.7%) F heads, 9/10 (90.0%, 95% CI: 55.5% to 99.7%) T heads, and 11/11 (100.0%, 95% CI: 71.5% to 100.0%) BE heads. In heads that could reliably be assessed for BD, BD was detected in 8/9 (88.9%, 95% CI: 51.7% to 99.7%) F heads, 7/10 (70.0%, 95% CI: 34.8% to 93.3%) T heads, and 4/11 (36.4%, 95% CI: 10.9% to 69.2%) BE heads. Tissue depth was reported as mean ± SE followed by 95% one-sided upper reference limit (URL). For sows, total tissue thickness differed (P < 0.05) between placements (F: 49.41 ± 2.74 mm, URL: 70.0 mm; T: 62.83 ± 1.83 mm, URL: 76.6 mm; BE: 84.63 ± 3.67 mm; URL: 112.3 mm). Total tissue thickness differed (P < 0.05) between placements for boars (F: 54.73 ± 3.23 mm, URL: 77.6 mm; T: 70.72 ± 3.60 mm, URL: 96.3 mm; BE: 92.81 ± 5.50 mm; URL: 135.3 mm). For swine between 120 and 200 kg BW, the F placement may have the greatest likelihood for successful euthanasia due to the least total tissue thickness and may present less risk for failure than the T and BE placements.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Swine ; Male ; Female ; Head ; Brain ; Body Weight ; Sus scrofa
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-15
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.1093/jas/skae045
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: History and best practices of captive bolt euthanasia for swine.

Anderson, Karly N / Deen, John / Karczewski, Jerry / Zhitnitskiy, Perle E / Vogel, Kurt D

Translational animal science

2022 Band 6, Heft 2, Seite(n) txac065

Abstract: The definition of animal welfare includes how an animal dies. As such, euthanasia is intrinsically linked to animal welfare, and ensuring a good death through effective, safe, and validated practices is a critical piece of promoting positive animal ... ...

Abstract	The definition of animal welfare includes how an animal dies. As such, euthanasia is intrinsically linked to animal welfare, and ensuring a good death through effective, safe, and validated practices is a critical piece of promoting positive animal welfare. The objective of this review is to provide a better understanding of the literature on the euthanasia of swine via penetrating captive bolt (
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-05-23
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txac065
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Evaluation of tissue depth, captive bolt penetration force and energy, and potential for bolt-thalamus contact in cadaver heads from physically castrated market barrows and immunocastrated boars.

Hamilton, Emma M / Anderson, Karly N / Kirk, Ashlynn A / Bishop, Katherine D / Shakal, Joseph S / Vogel, Kurt D

Translational animal science

2023 Band 7, Heft 1, Seite(n) txad103

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to describe tissue thicknesses of cadaver heads from physically castrated market barrows (PC MARKET BARROWS) and immunocastrated boars (IC BOARS) at the frontal penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placement. Other ... ...

Abstract	The main objective of this study was to describe tissue thicknesses of cadaver heads from physically castrated market barrows (PC MARKET BARROWS) and immunocastrated boars (IC BOARS) at the frontal penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placement. Other objectives were to describe differences in bolt force and energy requirements to penetrate and describe potential for bolt-thalamus contact. Forty-four heads were obtained from PC MARKET BARROWS (
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-08-28
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txad103
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Quantification of cooling effects on basic tissue measurements and exposed cross-sectional brain area of cadaver heads from market pigs.

Anderson, Karly N / Albers, Sarah E / Allen, Kaysie J / Bishop, Katherine D / Greco, Brian J / Huber, Christina M / Kirk, Ashlynn A / Olsen, Hannah / Vogel, Kurt D

Translational animal science

2021 Band 5, Heft 1, Seite(n) txab001

Abstract: The objective of this project was to determine the impact of cooling on the soft tissue thickness, cranial thickness, and cross-sectional brain area of cadaver heads from market pigs. Documenting the effect of cooling on tissue dimensions of swine heads ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this project was to determine the impact of cooling on the soft tissue thickness, cranial thickness, and cross-sectional brain area of cadaver heads from market pigs. Documenting the effect of cooling on tissue dimensions of swine heads is valuable and important for future investigations of physical stunning and euthanasia methods that use cadaver heads. Scalded and dehaired cadaver heads with intact jowls were sourced from market pigs stunned with CO
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-11
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-2102
ISSN (online)	2573-2102
DOI	10.1093/tas/txab001
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Relationship of tissue dimensions and three captive bolt placements on cadaver heads from mature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) > 200 kg body weight.

Anderson, Karly N / Allen, Kaysie J / Baysinger, Angela / Benjamin, Madonna / Berger, Jennifer / Claus, James R / Greco, Brian J / Massie, Emily A / O'Brien, Brett / Ramirez, Alejandro / Rendahl, Aaron K / Reyes, Arquimides A / Zhitnitskiy, Perle E / Vogel, Kurt D

Journal of animal science

2022 Band 99, Heft 12

Abstract: Three penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placements were tested on cadaver heads from swine with estimated body weight (BW) >200 kg (sows = 232.9 ± 4.1 kg; boars = 229.3 ± 2.6 kg). The objectives were to determine tissue depth, cross-sectional brain area, ... ...

Abstract	Three penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placements were tested on cadaver heads from swine with estimated body weight (BW) >200 kg (sows = 232.9 ± 4.1 kg; boars = 229.3 ± 2.6 kg). The objectives were to determine tissue depth, cross-sectional brain area, visible brain damage (BD), regions of BD, and bolt-brain contact; and determine relationships between external head dimensions and tissue depth at each placement. A Jarvis PAS-Type P 0.25R PCB with a Long Stunning Rod Nosepiece Assembly and 3.5 g power loads was used at the following placements on heads from 111 sows and 46 boars after storage at 2 to 4 °C for ~62 h before treatment: FRONTAL (F)-3.5 cm superior to the optic orbits at midline, TEMPORAL (T)-at the depression posterior to the lateral canthus of the eye within the plane between the lateral canthus and the base of the ear, or BEHIND EAR (BE)-directly caudal to the pinna of the ear on the same plane as the eyes and targeting the middle of the opposite eye. For sows, the bolt path was in the plane of the brain for 42/42 (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.6% to 100.0%) F heads, 39/40 (97.5%, 95% CI: 86.8% to 99.9%) T heads, and 34/39 (87.5%, 95% CI: 72.6% to 95.7%) BE heads; for the heads that could reliably be assessed for BD damage was detected in 25/26 (96.2%, 95% CI: 80.4% to 99.9%) F heads, 24/35 (68.6%, 95% CI: 50.7% to 83.2%) T heads, and 5/40 (12.5%, 95% CI: 4.2% to 26.8%) BE heads. For boars, the bolt path was in the plane of the brain for 17/17 (100.0%, 95% CI: 80.5% to 100.0%) F heads, 18/18 (100.0%, 95% CI: 81.5% to 100.0%) T heads, and 14/14 (100.0%, 95% CI: 76.8% to 100.0%) BE heads; damage was detected in 11/12 (91.7%, 95% CI: 61.5% to 99.8%) F heads, 2/15 (13.3%, 95% CI: 1.7% to 40.5%) T heads, and 7/14 (50.0%, 95% CI: 23.0% to 77.0%) BE heads. Tissue depth was reported as mean ± standard error followed by 95% one-sided upper reference limit (URL). For sows, total tissue thickness was different (P < 0.05) between placements (F: 52.7 ± 1.0 mm, URL: 64.1 mm; T: 69.8 ± 1.4 mm, URL: 83.9 mm; BE: 89.3 ± 1.5 mm, URL: 103.4 mm). In boars, total tissue thickness was different (P < 0.05) between placements (F: 41.2 ± 2.1 mm, URL: 56.3 mm; T: 73.2 ± 1.5 mm, URL: 83.4 mm; BE: 90.9 ± 3.5 mm, URL: 113.5 mm). For swine > 200 kg BW, F placement may be more effective than T or BE due to less soft tissue thickness, which may reduce concussive force. The brain was within the plane of bolt travel for 100% of F heads with BD for 96.2% and 91.7% of F sow and boar heads, respectively.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Body Weight ; Cadaver ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Head ; Male ; Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Swine Diseases
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-11-07
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.1093/jas/skab327
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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