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Article ; Online: Bulk segregant linkage mapping for rodent and human malaria parasites.

Li, Xue / Kumar, Sudhir / Brenneman, Katelyn Vendrely / Anderson, Tim J C

2022 Volume 91, Page(s) 102653

Abstract: In 2005 Richard Carter's group surprised the malaria genetics community with an elegant approach to rapidly mapping the genetic basis of phenotypic traits in rodent malaria parasites. This approach, which he termed "linkage group selection", utilized ... ...

Abstract	In 2005 Richard Carter's group surprised the malaria genetics community with an elegant approach to rapidly mapping the genetic basis of phenotypic traits in rodent malaria parasites. This approach, which he termed "linkage group selection", utilized bulk pools of progeny, rather than individual clones, and exploited simple selection schemes to identify genome regions underlying resistance to drug treatment (or other phenotypes). This work was the first application of "bulk segregant" methodologies for genetic mapping in microbes: this approach is now widely used in yeast, and across multiple recombining pathogens ranging from Aspergillus fungi to Schistosome parasites. Genetic crosses of human malaria parasites (for which Richard Carter was also a pioneer) can now be conducted in humanized mice, providing new opportunities for exploiting bulk segregant approaches for a wide variety of malaria parasite traits. We review the application of bulk segregant approaches to mapping malaria parasite traits and suggest additional developments that may further expand the utility of this powerful approach.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromosome Mapping/methods ; Crosses, Genetic ; Humans ; Malaria/parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Parasites ; Rodentia
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1363151-2
ISSN	1873-0329 ; 1383-5769
ISSN (online)	1873-0329
ISSN	1383-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.parint.2022.102653
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Article: Bulk segregant linkage mapping for rodent and human malaria parasites

Li, Xue / Kumar, Sudhir / Brenneman, Katelyn Vendrely / Anderson, Tim J.C.

Parasitology international. 2022 Aug. 19,

2022

Abstract	In 2005 Richard Carter's group surprised the malaria genetics community with an elegant approach to rapidly mapping the genetic basis of phenotypic traits in rodent malaria parasites. This approach, which he termed “linkage group selection”, utilized bulk pools of progeny, rather than individual clones, and exploited simple selection schemes to identify genome regions underlying resistance to drug treatment (or other phenotypes). This work was the first application of “bulk segregant” methodologies for genetic mapping in microbes: this approach is now widely used in yeast, and across multiple recombining pathogens ranging from Aspergillus fungi to Schistosome parasites. Genetic crosses of human malaria parasites (for which Richard Carter was also a pioneer) can now be conducted in humanized mice, providing new opportunities for exploiting bulk segregant approaches for a wide variety of malaria parasite traits. We review the application of bulk segregant approaches to mapping malaria parasite traits and suggest additional developments that may further expand the utility of this powerful approach.
Keywords	Aspergillus ; drug therapy ; genome ; humans ; linkage groups ; malaria ; parasites ; parasitology ; phenotype ; progeny ; rodents ; yeasts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0819
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1363151-2
ISSN	1383-5769
ISSN	1383-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.parint.2022.102653
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Article ; Online: Variations in the patterns of prevalence and therapy in Australasian Parkinson's disease patients of different ethnicities.

Alamri, Yassar / Pitcher, Toni / Anderson, Tim J

BMJ neurology open

2020 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) e000033

Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly after Alzheimer's disease. It is expected that PD cumulative incidence will increase in the future, as there are far more people surviving into late age than ... ...

Abstract	Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly after Alzheimer's disease. It is expected that PD cumulative incidence will increase in the future, as there are far more people surviving into late age than there ever used to be. While most commonly idiopathic, rare forms of PD can be familial/genetic. In addition, socioeconomic, cultural and genetic factors may influence the way in which anti-parkinsonian medications are prescribed, and how patients respond to them. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of genetic variation on the epidemiology and therapeutics of PD, focusing on data from New Zealand and Australia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-23
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2632-6140
ISSN (online)	2632-6140
DOI	10.1136/bmjno-2019-000033
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Book ; Online: Popular Music in a Digital Music Economy

Anderson, Tim J

Problems and Practices for an Emerging Service Industry

(Routledge Research in Music)

2013

Abstract: In the late 1990s, the MP3 became the de facto standard for digital audio files and the networked computer began to claim a significant place in the lives of more and more listeners. The dovetailing of these two circumstances is the basis of a new mode ... ...

Series title	Routledge Research in Music
Abstract	In the late 1990s, the MP3 became the de facto standard for digital audio files and the networked computer began to claim a significant place in the lives of more and more listeners. The dovetailing of these two circumstances is the basis of a new mode of musical production and distribution where new practices emerge. This book is not a definitive statement about what the new music industry is. Rather, it is devoted to what this new industry is becoming by examining these practices as experiments, dedicated to negotiating what is replacing an ""object based"" industry oriented around the produ
Language	English
Size	Online-Ressource (417 p)
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	Description based upon print version of record
ISBN	9780415890632 ; 0415890632
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Article ; Online: Non-Contact Hand Movement Analysis for Optimal Configuration of Smart Sensors to Capture Parkinson's Disease Hand Tremor.

Khwaounjoo, Prashanna / Singh, Gurleen / Grenfell, Sophie / Özsoy, Burak / MacAskill, Michael R / Anderson, Tim J / Çakmak, Yusuf O

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 22, Issue 12

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease affects millions worldwide with a large rise in expected burden over the coming decades. More easily accessible tools and techniques to diagnose and monitor Parkinson’s disease can improve the quality of life of patients. With the ... ...

Abstract	Parkinson’s disease affects millions worldwide with a large rise in expected burden over the coming decades. More easily accessible tools and techniques to diagnose and monitor Parkinson’s disease can improve the quality of life of patients. With the advent of new wearable technologies such as smart rings and watches, this is within reach. However, it is unclear what method for these new technologies may provide the best opportunity to capture the patient-specific severity. This study investigates which locations on the hand can be used to capture and monitor maximal movement/tremor severity. Using a Leap Motion device and custom-made software the volume, velocity, acceleration, and frequency of Parkinson’s (n = 55, all right-handed, majority right-sided onset) patients’ hand locations (25 joints inclusive of all fingers/thumb and the wrist) were captured simultaneously. Distal locations of the right hand, i.e., the ends of fingers and the wrist showed significant trends (p < 0.05) towards having the largest movement velocities and accelerations. The right hand, compared with the left hand, showed significantly greater volumes, velocities, and accelerations (p < 0.01). Supplementary analysis showed that the volumes, acceleration, and velocities had significant correlations (p < 0.001) with clinical MDS-UPDRS scores, indicating the potential suitability of using these metrics for monitoring disease progression. Maximal movements at the distal hand and wrist area indicate that these locations are best suited to capture hand tremor movements and monitor Parkinson’s disease.
MeSH term(s)	Hand ; Humans ; Movement ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Tremor/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s22124613
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Article ; Online: Exploring eye movements of Parkinson's disease patients performing the Judgement of line orientation test.

Alamri, Yassar / Dalrymple-Alford, John / MacAskill, Michael / Anderson, Tim J

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

2020 Volume 76, Page(s) 183–188

Abstract: Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are reported to score significantly lower on the Judgement of Line Orientation (JLO) test compared with controls. The traditional method of scoring JLO ignores potentially interesting information on the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are reported to score significantly lower on the Judgement of Line Orientation (JLO) test compared with controls. The traditional method of scoring JLO ignores potentially interesting information on the mechanism of errors made. Aim: The aim of the current study was to analyse the performance of PD patients on the JLO while monitoring eye movements. Employing eye tracking methods while PD participants attempt JLO items may prove valuable in further characterising error-patterns. Methods: We recruited three groups, each comprising 16 participants: PD participants with normal cognition (PD-N), PD participants with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and matched controls. Results: The mean correct response rates were high: 93% (±6) for controls, 88% (±12) for PD-N and 87% (±11) for PD-MCI; the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.21). Participants made more errors as they progressed from easy to harder item (r = 0.7; p = 0.02). Using the Ska classification, error types QO1 and QO3 were by far and away the most common. The mean amplitudes of saccadic eye movements were 5.9° (±0.9) for controls, 5.7° (±1.1) for PD-N, and 5.5° (±1.0) for PD-MCI. The differences among the three groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.64). As a whole, participant fixation patterns were similar throughout the JLO task. For the reference lines, most fixations were made on the distal ends. Fixations on the test lines, on the other hand, appeared to vary among trials, dependent on whether the response was correct or incorrect. Conclusions: There were few differences among the study groups in test performance-eye movement associations. However, we gained important insights into oculomotor behaviour during JLO test completion in both healthy controls and PD patients which could reflect the underlying disease state as we hypothesised.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Parkinson Disease/psychology ; Saccades
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-21
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1193674-5
ISSN	1532-2653 ; 0967-5868
ISSN (online)	1532-2653
ISSN	0967-5868
DOI	10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.031
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Article ; Online: Childbirth and Delayed Parkinson's Onset: A Reproducible Nonbiological Artifact of Societal Change.

MacAskill, Michael R / Myall, Daniel J / Shoorangiz, Reza / Anderson, Tim J / Pitcher, Toni L

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

2020 Volume 35, Issue 7, Page(s) 1268–1271

Abstract: Background: Uncontrolled studies have reported associations between later Parkinson's disease onset in women and a history of giving birth, with age at onset delayed by nearly 3 years per child. We tested this association in two independent data sets, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Uncontrolled studies have reported associations between later Parkinson's disease onset in women and a history of giving birth, with age at onset delayed by nearly 3 years per child. We tested this association in two independent data sets, but, as a control to test for nonbiological explanations, also included men with PD. Methods: We analyzed valid cases from the Parkinson's Progressive Markers Initiative incident sample (145 women, 276 men) and a prevalent sample surveyed by the New Zealand Brain Research Institute (210 women, 394 men). Results: The association was present in both women and men in the Parkinson's Progressive Markers Initiative study, and absent in both in the New Zealand Brain Research Institute study. This is consistent with generational differences common to men and women, which confound with age at onset in incident-dominant samples. Conclusions: Despite being replicable in certain circumstances, associations between childbirth and later PD onset are an artifact of generational cohort differences. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
MeSH term(s)	Age of Onset ; Artifacts ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis ; Parkinson Disease/epidemiology ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	607633-6
ISSN	1531-8257 ; 0885-3185
ISSN (online)	1531-8257
ISSN	0885-3185
DOI	10.1002/mds.28135
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Article ; Online: Altered nucleus accumbens functional connectivity precedes apathy in Parkinson's disease.

Morris, Lee-Anne / Harrison, Samuel J / Melzer, Tracy R / Dalrymple-Alford, John C / Anderson, Tim J / MacAskill, Michael R / Le Heron, Campbell J

Brain : a journal of neurology

2023 Volume 146, Issue 7, Page(s) 2739–2752

Abstract: Work in animal and human neuroscience has identified neural regions forming a network involved in the production of motivated, goal-directed behaviour. In particular, the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex are recognized as key network nodes ...

Abstract	Work in animal and human neuroscience has identified neural regions forming a network involved in the production of motivated, goal-directed behaviour. In particular, the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex are recognized as key network nodes underlying decisions of whether to exert effort for reward, to drive behaviour. Previous work has convincingly shown that this cognitive mechanism, known as effort-based decision making, is altered in people with Parkinson's disease with a syndrome of reduced goal-directed behaviour-apathy. Building on this work, we investigated whether the neural regions implementing effort-based decision-making were associated with apathy in Parkinson's disease, and more importantly, whether changes to these regions were evident prior to apathy development. We performed a large, multimodal neuroimaging analysis in a cohort of people with Parkinson's disease (n = 199) with and without apathy at baseline. All participants had ∼2-year follow-up apathy scores, enabling examination of brain structure and function specifically in those with normal motivation who converted to apathy by ∼2-year follow-up. In addition, of the people with normal motivation, a subset (n = 56) had follow-up neuroimaging data, allowing for examination of the 'rate of change' in key nodes over time in those who did, and did not, convert to apathy. Healthy control (n = 54) data were also included to aid interpretation of findings. Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was higher in people with normal motivation who later converted to apathy compared to those who did not, whereas no structural differences were evident between these groups. In contrast, grey matter volume in these regions was reduced in the group with existing apathy. Furthermore, of those with normal motivation who had undergone longitudinal neuroimaging, converters to apathy showed a higher rate of change in grey matter volume within the nucleus accumbens. Overall, we show that changes in functional connectivity between nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex precedes apathy in people with Parkinson's disease, with conversion to apathy associated with higher rate of grey matter volume loss in nucleus accumbens, despite no baseline differences. These findings significantly add to an accumulating body of transdiagnostic evidence that apathy arises from disruption to key nodes within a network in which normal goal-directed behaviour is instantiated, and raise the possibility of identifying those at risk for developing apathy before overt motivational deficits have arisen.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Apathy ; Parkinson Disease ; Nucleus Accumbens/diagnostic imaging ; Brain ; Gray Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awad113
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Article ; Online: Acquired Stuttering in Parkinson's Disease.

Gooch, Eloïse A / Horne, Kyla-Louise / Melzer, Tracy R / McAuliffe, Megan J / MacAskill, Michael / Dalrymple-Alford, John C / Anderson, Tim J / Theys, Catherine

Movement disorders clinical practice

2023 Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) 956–966

Abstract: Background: Parkinson's disease frequently causes communication impairments, but knowledge about the occurrence of new-onset stuttering is limited.: Objectives: To determine the presence of acquired neurogenic stuttering and its relationship with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Parkinson's disease frequently causes communication impairments, but knowledge about the occurrence of new-onset stuttering is limited. Objectives: To determine the presence of acquired neurogenic stuttering and its relationship with cognitive and motor functioning in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Method: Conversation, picture description, and reading samples were collected from 100 people with Parkinson's disease and 25 controls to identify the presence of stuttered disfluencies (SD) and their association with neuropsychological test performance and motor function. Results: Participants with Parkinson's disease presented with twice as many stuttered disfluencies during conversation (2.2% ± 1.8%SD) compared to control participants (1.2% ± 1.2%SD; Conclusion: One in five participants with Parkinson's disease presented with acquired neurogenic stuttering, suggesting that speech disfluency assessment, monitoring and intervention should be part of standard care. Conversation was the most informative task for identifying stuttered disfluencies. The frequency of stuttered disfluencies was higher in participants with worse motor functioning, and lower cognitive functioning. This challenges previous suggestions that the development of stuttered disfluencies in Parkinson's disease has purely a motoric basis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2330-1619
ISSN (online)	2330-1619
DOI	10.1002/mdc3.13758
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Article: Qualitative analysis of Parkinson's disease information on social media: the case of YouTube™.

Al-Busaidi, Ibrahim Saleh / Anderson, Tim J / Alamri, Yassar

The EPMA journal

2017 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 273–277

Abstract: Introduction: There is a paucity of data pertaining to the usefulness of information presented on social media platforms on chronic neuropsychiatric conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to examine the quality of YouTube™ ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is a paucity of data pertaining to the usefulness of information presented on social media platforms on chronic neuropsychiatric conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to examine the quality of YouTube™ videos that deliver general information on PD and the availability and design of instructional videos addressing the caregiving role in PD. Methods: YouTube™ was searched using the keyword "Parkinson's disease" for relevant videos. Videos were assessed for usefulness and accuracy based on pre-defined criteria. Data on video characteristics including total viewership, duration, ratings, and source of videos were collated. Instructional PD videos that addressed the role of caregivers were examined closely for the design and scope of instructional content. Results: A total of 100 videos met the inclusion criteria. Just under a third of videos (28%) was uploaded by trusted academic organisations. Overall, 15% of PD videos were found to be somewhat useful and only 4% were assessed as providing very useful PD information; 3% of surveyed videos were misleading. The mean number of video views (regardless of video source) was not significantly different between the different video ratings ( Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the usefulness of PD information on the largest video-sharing website, YouTube™. In general, the overall quality of information presented in the videos screened was mediocre. Viewership of accurate vs. misleading information was, however, very similar. Therefore, healthcare providers should direct PD patients and their families to the resources that provide reliable and accurate information.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2545928-4
ISSN	1878-5085 ; 1878-5077
ISSN (online)	1878-5085
ISSN	1878-5077
DOI	10.1007/s13167-017-0113-7
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