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  1. AU="André D. Gouws"
  2. AU="Valdivielso, Pedro"
  3. AU=Kim Hye-Jung AU=Kim Hye-Jung
  4. AU="Mathieu Joron"
  5. AU="Haque, Md Sajedul"
  6. AU="Suvorov, V."
  7. AU="Chua, John Jia En" AU="Chua, John Jia En"
  8. AU="Landers, Connor"
  9. AU="Philippe, Catherine"
  10. AU=Oh Djin-Ye
  11. AU="Ghersi, Davina"
  12. AU="Ferrara, Gia"
  13. AU="Fernández Olmo, Rosa"
  14. AU="Ulbricht, J."
  15. AU="Kemp, E."
  16. AU="Bajtai, Eszter"
  17. AU="Tam, Ka Cheung"
  18. AU="Richardson, Susan E"
  19. AU="Generoso, Erika Marie G"
  20. AU="Moustafa, Ahmed M"
  21. AU="da Cruz, Luciana D"
  22. AU="Ratnayake, Jithendra"
  23. AU="Halesh, L H"
  24. AU=Babajanyan S G
  25. AU="Haruhara, Kotaro"
  26. AU="Wang, Che-Wei"
  27. AU="Eisenberg, Marcia"
  28. AU="Ufnalska, Sylwia"
  29. AU="Leroux, Dominique"
  30. AU="Gallagher, Timothy J"
  31. AU=Baggish Aaron
  32. AU="Bush, Ashley I"
  33. AU="Carr, Kenneth D."
  34. AU="Spiro, Stephen"
  35. AU="Roberts, William Clifford"
  36. AU="Park, Hyungjong"
  37. AU="Das, Debasish"
  38. AU="Sanz-Magro, Adrián"
  39. AU="Fan, Shanhui"
  40. AU="Ellonen, Pekka"
  41. AU="Lambert, T"
  42. AU="Vivekanandan, Rajesh"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Assessing the structure of the posterior visual pathway in bilateral macular degeneration

    Holly D. H. Brown / Richard P. Gale / André D. Gouws / Richard J. W. Vernon / Archana Airody / Rachel L. W. Hanson / Heidi A. Baseler / Antony B. Morland

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Band 14

    Abstract: Abstract Macular degeneration (MD) embodies a collection of disorders causing a progressive loss of central vision. Cross-sectional MRI studies have revealed structural changes in the grey and white matter in the posterior visual pathway in MD but there ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Macular degeneration (MD) embodies a collection of disorders causing a progressive loss of central vision. Cross-sectional MRI studies have revealed structural changes in the grey and white matter in the posterior visual pathway in MD but there remains a need to understand how such changes progress over time. To that end we assessed the posterior pathway, characterising the visual cortex and optic radiations over a ~ 2-year period in MD patients and controls. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the former. Reduced cortical thickness and white matter integrity were observed in patients compared to controls, replicating previous findings. While faster, neither the rate of thinning in visual cortex nor the reduction in white matter integrity during the ~ 2-year period reached significance. We also measured cortical myelin density; cross-sectional data showed this was higher in patients than controls, likely as a result of greater thinning of non-myelinated tissue in patients. However, we also found evidence of a greater rate of loss of myelin density in the occipital pole in the patient group indicating that the posterior visual pathway is at risk in established MD. Taken together, our results revealed a broad decline in grey and white matter in the posterior visual pathway in bilateral MD; cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy show hints of an accelerated rate of loss also, with larger effects emerging in the occipital pole.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Nature Portfolio
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Stimulus specific cortical activity associated with ignoring distraction during working memory encoding and maintenance

    Charlotte Ashton / Andre D. Gouws / Marcus Glennon / Abhishek Das / Yit-Keat Chen / Charlotte Chrisp / Ismail Felek / Theodore P. Zanto / Fiona McNab

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Band 12

    Abstract: Abstract Distraction disrupts Working Memory (WM) performance, but how the brain filters distraction is not known. One possibility is that neural activity associated with distractions is suppressed relative to a baseline/passive task (biased competition). ...

    Abstract Abstract Distraction disrupts Working Memory (WM) performance, but how the brain filters distraction is not known. One possibility is that neural activity associated with distractions is suppressed relative to a baseline/passive task (biased competition). Alternatively, distraction may be denied access to WM, with no suppression. Furthermore, behavioural work indicates separate mechanisms for ignoring distractions which occur (1) while we put information into WM (Encoding Distraction, ED) and (2) while we maintain already encoded information during the WM delay period (Delay Distraction, DD). Here we used fMRI in humans to measure category-sensitive cortical activity and probe the extent to which ED/DD mechanisms involve enhancement/suppression during a WM task. We observed significant enhancement of task-relevant activity, relative to a passive view task, which did not differ according to whether or when distractors appeared. For both ED and DD we found no evidence of suppression, but instead a robust increase in stimulus specific activity in response to additional stimuli presented during the passive view task, which was not seen for the WM task, when those additional stimuli were to be ignored. The results indicate that ED/DD resistance does not necessarily involve suppression of distractor-related activity. Rather, a rise in distractor-associated activity is prevented when distractors are presented, supporting models of input gating, and providing a potential mechanism by which input-gating might be achieved.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 150
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Nature Portfolio
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Structural changes to primary visual cortex in the congenital absence of cone input in achromatopsia

    Barbara Molz / Anne Herbik / Heidi A. Baseler / Pieter B. de Best / Richard W. Vernon / Noa Raz / Andre D. Gouws / Khazar Ahmadi / Rebecca Lowndes / Rebecca J. McLean / Irene Gottlob / Susanne Kohl / Lars Choritz / John Maguire / Martin Kanowski / Barbara Käsmann-Kellner / Ilse Wieland / Eyal Banin / Netta Levin /
    Michael B. Hoffmann / Antony B. Morland

    NeuroImage: Clinical, Vol 33, Iss , Pp 102925- (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Autosomal recessive Achromatopsia (ACHM) is a rare inherited disorder associated with dysfunctional cone photoreceptors resulting in a congenital absence of cone input to visual cortex. This might lead to distinct changes in cortical architecture with a ... ...

    Abstract Autosomal recessive Achromatopsia (ACHM) is a rare inherited disorder associated with dysfunctional cone photoreceptors resulting in a congenital absence of cone input to visual cortex. This might lead to distinct changes in cortical architecture with a negative impact on the success of gene augmentation therapies. To investigate the status of the visual cortex in these patients, we performed a multi-centre study focusing on the cortical structure of regions that normally receive predominantly cone input. Using high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans and surface-based morphometry, we compared cortical thickness, surface area and grey matter volume in foveal, parafoveal and paracentral representations of primary visual cortex in 15 individuals with ACHM and 42 normally sighted, healthy controls (HC). In ACHM, surface area was reduced in all tested representations, while thickening of the cortex was found highly localized to the most central representation. These results were comparable to more widespread changes in brain structure reported in congenitally blind individuals, suggesting similar developmental processes, i.e., irrespective of the underlying cause and extent of vision loss. The cortical differences we report here could limit the success of treatment of ACHM in adulthood. Interventions earlier in life when cortical structure is not different from normal would likely offer better visual outcomes for those with ACHM.
    Schlagwörter Achromatopsia ; sMRI ; Surface-based morphology ; Plasticity ; Primary visual cortex ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Differences in selectivity to natural images in early visual areas (V1–V3)

    David D. Coggan / Luke A. Allen / Oliver R. H. Farrar / Andre D. Gouws / Antony B. Morland / Daniel H. Baker / Timothy J. Andrews

    Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2017  Band 8

    Abstract: Abstract High-level regions of the ventral visual pathway respond more to intact objects compared to scrambled objects. The aim of this study was to determine if this selectivity for objects emerges at an earlier stage of processing. Visual areas (V1–V3) ...

    Abstract Abstract High-level regions of the ventral visual pathway respond more to intact objects compared to scrambled objects. The aim of this study was to determine if this selectivity for objects emerges at an earlier stage of processing. Visual areas (V1–V3) were defined for each participant using retinotopic mapping. Participants then viewed intact and scrambled images from different object categories (bottle, chair, face, house, shoe) while neural responses were measured using fMRI. Our rationale for using scrambled images is that they contain the same low-level properties as the intact objects, but lack the higher-order combinations of features that are characteristic of natural images. Neural responses were higher for scrambled than intact images in all regions. However, the difference between intact and scrambled images was smaller in V3 compared to V1 and V2. Next, we measured the spatial patterns of response to intact and scrambled images from different object categories. We found higher within-category compared to between category correlations for both intact and scrambled images demonstrating distinct patterns of response. Spatial patterns of response were more distinct for intact compared to scrambled images in V3, but not in V1 or V2. These findings demonstrate the emergence of selectivity to natural images in V3.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 571
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Nature Portfolio
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Surface-Based Analyses of Anatomical Properties of the Visual Cortex in Macular Degeneration.

    Doety Prins / Tina Plank / Heidi A Baseler / André D Gouws / Anton Beer / Antony B Morland / Mark W Greenlee / Frans W Cornelissen

    PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 1, p e

    2016  Band 0146684

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION:Macular degeneration (MD) can cause a central visual field defect. In a previous study, we found volumetric reductions along the entire visual pathways of MD patients, possibly indicating degeneration of inactive neuronal tissue. This may ... ...

    Abstract INTRODUCTION:Macular degeneration (MD) can cause a central visual field defect. In a previous study, we found volumetric reductions along the entire visual pathways of MD patients, possibly indicating degeneration of inactive neuronal tissue. This may have important implications. In particular, new therapeutic strategies to restore retinal function rely on intact visual pathways and cortex to reestablish visual function. Here we reanalyze the data of our previous study using surface-based morphometry (SBM) rather than voxel-based morphometry (VBM). This can help determine the robustness of the findings and will lead to a better understanding of the nature of neuroanatomical changes associated with MD. METHODS:The metrics of interest were acquired by performing SBM analysis on T1-weighted MRI data acquired from 113 subjects: patients with juvenile MD (JMD; n = 34), patients with age-related MD (AMD; n = 24) and healthy age-matched controls (HC; n = 55). RESULTS:Relative to age-matched controls, JMD patients showed a thinner cortex, a smaller cortical surface area and a lower grey matter volume in V1 and V2, while AMD patients showed thinning of the cortex in V2. Neither patient group showed a significant difference in mean curvature of the visual cortex. DISCUSSION:The thinner cortex, smaller surface area and lower grey matter volume in the visual cortex of JMD patients are consistent with our previous results showing a volumetric reduction in their visual cortex. Finding comparable results using two rather different analysis techniques suggests the presence of marked cortical degeneration in the JMD patients. In the AMD patients, we found a thinner cortex in V2 but not in V1. In contrast to our previous VBM analysis, SBM revealed no volumetric reductions of the visual cortex. This suggests that the cortical changes in AMD patients are relatively subtle, as they apparently can be missed by one of the methods.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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