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  1. Article ; Online: Ethical Shortcomings of QALY: Discrimination Against Minorities in Public Health.

    Andrade, Gabriel

    Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

    2024  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Despite progress, discrimination in public health remains a problem. A significant aspect of this problem relates to how medical resources are allocated. The paradigm of quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) dictates that medical resources should be ... ...

    Abstract Despite progress, discrimination in public health remains a problem. A significant aspect of this problem relates to how medical resources are allocated. The paradigm of quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) dictates that medical resources should be allocated on the basis of units measured as length of life and quality of life that are expected after the implementation of a treatment. In this article, I discuss some of the ethical shortcomings of QALY, by focusing on some of its flawed moral aspects, as well as the way it relates to discrimination on the basis of age, race, and disability status. I argue that while this approach seeks to maximize efficiency, it does not place sufficient value on the preservation of life itself. Even more concerning is the fact that the use of QALY disproportionately harms minorities. While QALY is a well-intentioned approach to the allocation of scarce healthcare resources, new alternatives must be sought.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1146581-5
    ISSN 1469-2147 ; 0963-1801
    ISSN (online) 1469-2147
    ISSN 0963-1801
    DOI 10.1017/S0963180123000580
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3650: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: Predictive demographic factors of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in Venezuela: A cross-sectional study.

    Andrade, G

    Vacunas

    2021  Volume 23, Page(s) S22–S25

    Abstract: Objective: To assess if seven demographic variables (age, gender, religion, ethnicity, income, educational level, and political views) are predictive of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy.: Material and methods: 327 participants completed a survey asking ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess if seven demographic variables (age, gender, religion, ethnicity, income, educational level, and political views) are predictive of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy.
    Material and methods: 327 participants completed a survey asking questions regarding each of the variables.
    Results: Age, gender and political views have no statistically significant correlation with vaccine hesitancy. Ethnicity and religion are predictive of vaccine hesitancy. Income has a weak negative correlation with Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, and educational level has a moderate negative correlation with Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy.
    Conclusion: In order to curb Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, public health authorities in Venezuela need to focus efforts on marginalized ethnic groups, Protestants, and those with lower levels of education.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-07
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1576-9887
    ISSN 1576-9887
    DOI 10.1016/j.vacun.2021.07.009
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  3. Article ; Online: Electric shortages and mental health in Maracaibo, Venezuela: A cross-sectional study.

    Andrade, Gabriel

    Journal of community psychology

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 5, Page(s) 2193–2201

    Abstract: For the past 10 years, Venezuela has undergone a severe electric crisis. However, not all regions have been equally affected. The city of Maracaibo has endured more blackouts than other cities, and they have now become routine. This article sought to ... ...

    Abstract For the past 10 years, Venezuela has undergone a severe electric crisis. However, not all regions have been equally affected. The city of Maracaibo has endured more blackouts than other cities, and they have now become routine. This article sought to study the impact of electric shortages on the mental health of Maracaibo's inhabitants. Using a sample from all districts in the city, the study sought to test if there are correlations between the number of hours without electricity (per week), and four dimensions of mental health: anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, and boredom. Results came out showing that there are moderate correlations across all four variables.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mental Health ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Venezuela ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491194-2
    ISSN 1520-6629 ; 0090-4392
    ISSN (online) 1520-6629
    ISSN 0090-4392
    DOI 10.1002/jcop.23022
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  4. Article ; Online: A national analysis of the medical schools of training for merit award-winning laboratory medical doctors working in Britain.

    Steele, S / Andrade, G

    BMC medical education

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 222

    Abstract: Aims: To inform the discussion regarding the origins of Laboratory Medical Consultant clinical merit award holders (LMC) whether the awards came from the Clinical Excellence Awards (CEA) or Distinction Awards (DA) schemes.: Methods: Setting - CEA is ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To inform the discussion regarding the origins of Laboratory Medical Consultant clinical merit award holders (LMC) whether the awards came from the Clinical Excellence Awards (CEA) or Distinction Awards (DA) schemes.
    Methods: Setting - CEA is a scheme to financially reward senior doctors in England and Wales who are assessed to be working over and above the standard expected of their role. The DA scheme is the parallel and equivalent scheme in Scotland. Participants - All of the merit award holders in the 2019 round. Design - This involved a secondary analysis of the complete 2019 published dataset of award winners. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-square tests set at p < 0.05 level for statistical significance.
    Results: The top five medical schools (London University, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Oxford) were responsible for 68.4% of the LMC merit award holders in the 2019 round. 97.9% of the LMC merit award holders were from European medical schools, whereas 90.9% of the non-LMC award holders were from European medical schools. The LMCs with A plus or platinum awards came from only six medical schools: Aberdeen, Edinburgh, London University, Oxford, Sheffield and Southampton. In contrast, the B or silver/bronze LMC award holders came from a more diverse background of 13 medical schools.
    Conclusions: The majority of LMC merit award holders originated from only five university medical schools. All the LMCs with A plus or platinum awards came from only six university medical schools. There is an apparent overrepresentation of a small number of medical schools of origin amongst those LMCs that hold national merit awards.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Awards and Prizes ; Physicians/statistics & numerical data ; Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Europe/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2044473-4
    ISSN 1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
    ISSN (online) 1472-6920
    ISSN 1472-6920
    DOI 10.1186/s12909-023-04161-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Afro-Venezuelans' Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Its Association with Levels of Depression.

    Andrade, Gabriel

    Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 1018–1024

    Abstract: Venezuela is one of the Latin American nations that has traditionally participated in the myth of racial democracy. According to this myth, inasmuch as Venezuela is a racially mixed country, racism is largely absent. That has made virtually invisible the ...

    Abstract Venezuela is one of the Latin American nations that has traditionally participated in the myth of racial democracy. According to this myth, inasmuch as Venezuela is a racially mixed country, racism is largely absent. That has made virtually invisible the plight of Afro-Venezuelans, who continue to suffer discrimination. In the present study, 402 Afro-Venezuelans were surveyed regarding their perceived discrimination and their levels of depression. Results came out showing that, compared to white Venezuelans, Afro-Venezuelans are more likely to suffer both perceived discrimination and depression. Likewise, it was also found that among Afro-Venezuelans, perceived discrimination has a statistically significant correlation with depression. However, one particular marker of depression (suicidal ideation) does not have correlation with any dimension of perceived discrimination.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Racism ; Ethnicity ; Depression ; Perceived Discrimination ; Venezuela
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2760524-3
    ISSN 2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
    ISSN (online) 2196-8837
    ISSN 2197-3792
    DOI 10.1007/s40615-022-01289-4
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  6. Article ; Online: Perceived ethnic discrimination and job satisfaction amongst mental health nurses of color in Venezuela.

    Andrade, Gabriel

    Archives of psychiatric nursing

    2022  Volume 40, Page(s) 91–96

    Abstract: Venezuela's social and economic crisis of the past eight years has had an impact on healthcare services. However, because Venezuela has traditionally been thought to be a country with low levels of racism, it has been assumed that mental health nurses' ... ...

    Abstract Venezuela's social and economic crisis of the past eight years has had an impact on healthcare services. However, because Venezuela has traditionally been thought to be a country with low levels of racism, it has been assumed that mental health nurses' satisfaction is the same across ethnic groups. The present study tests that hypothesis. Results come out showing that, as compared to whites, mental health nurses of color in Venezuela have lower levels of job satisfaction, and higher levels of perceived ethnic discrimination. Results also show that amongst mental health nurses of color in Venezuela, perceived ethnic discrimination and job satisfaction are negatively correlated.
    MeSH term(s) Ethnicity ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Mental Health ; Racism ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Venezuela
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639197-7
    ISSN 1532-8228 ; 0883-9417
    ISSN (online) 1532-8228
    ISSN 0883-9417
    DOI 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.04.010
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2271: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article ; Online: Nightmare experiences and perceived ethnic discrimination amongst female university students in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study.

    Campo Redondo, Maria / Andrade, Gabriel

    Journal of sleep research

    2024  , Page(s) e14148

    Abstract: Perceived ethnic discrimination is known to be associated with anxiety and depression, and in turn, anxiety and depression are known to be associated with nightmare frequency and distress. This elicits a question: is perceived ethnic discrimination ... ...

    Abstract Perceived ethnic discrimination is known to be associated with anxiety and depression, and in turn, anxiety and depression are known to be associated with nightmare frequency and distress. This elicits a question: is perceived ethnic discrimination associated with nightmare frequency and distress? In this study, 179 female university students from the United Arab Emirates were assessed to answer that question. Results showed that while anxiety and depression were related to nightmare experiences, perceived ethnic discrimination was a stronger predictor of nightmare experiences. We posit two explanations for this finding: one based on psychoanalytical insights, and the other based on the Disposition-Stress model with neurobiological correlates. No significant differences were found across ethnicity when it comes to nightmare experiences or perceived ethnic discrimination. This is an encouraging sign of optimal societal integration in the United Arab Emirates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1122722-9
    ISSN 1365-2869 ; 0962-1105
    ISSN (online) 1365-2869
    ISSN 0962-1105
    DOI 10.1111/jsr.14148
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    Zs.A 3464: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MO 343: Show issues

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  8. Article ; Online: Vaccine hesitancy and religiosity in a sample of university students in Venezuela.

    Andrade, Gabriel

    Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 12, Page(s) 5162–5167

    Abstract: The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela has made it difficult to satisfactorily manage the COVID-19 pandemic in that nation. A vaccination program has begun, but its pace has been slow, as compared to vaccination in other countries. One considerable ...

    Abstract The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela has made it difficult to satisfactorily manage the COVID-19 pandemic in that nation. A vaccination program has begun, but its pace has been slow, as compared to vaccination in other countries. One considerable obstacle faced by vaccination efforts in Venezuela is vaccine hesitancy. Differences across religious groups regarding vaccine hesitancy in Venezuela have not been sufficiently explored. The present study consists of a sample of 230 university students in Venezuela, assessing their intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Their responses are compared across religious affiliations, and correlated with three variables: belief in vaccine conspiracy theories, religiosity, and acceptance of the theory of evolution. Results come out showing that Protestants are the religious group most hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccine, followed by Catholics and the non-religious. Results also show that vaccine hesitancy is correlated with vaccine conspiracy theories and acceptance of the theory of evolution, but not with religiosity itself.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Students ; Universities ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Venezuela
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2664176-8
    ISSN 2164-554X ; 2164-5515
    ISSN (online) 2164-554X
    ISSN 2164-5515
    DOI 10.1080/21645515.2021.1981737
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    Zs.A 6967: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: Arabic speakers offer more utilitarian responses when thinking about the trolley dilemma in English.

    Andrade, Gabriel

    Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 8, Page(s) 6933–6935

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2021598-8
    ISSN 1936-4733 ; 1046-1310
    ISSN (online) 1936-4733
    ISSN 1046-1310
    DOI 10.1007/s12144-021-01976-1
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  10. Article ; Online: Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, conspiracist beliefs, paranoid ideation and perceived ethnic discrimination in a sample of University students in Venezuela.

    Andrade, Gabriel

    Vaccine

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 47, Page(s) 6837–6842

    Abstract: Due to complex social, political and economic causes, Venezuela has encountered difficulties managing the Covid-19 pandemic. Although a vaccination program has started, it is still comparatively slow and largely inefficient. One particular challenge has ... ...

    Abstract Due to complex social, political and economic causes, Venezuela has encountered difficulties managing the Covid-19 pandemic. Although a vaccination program has started, it is still comparatively slow and largely inefficient. One particular challenge has been vaccine hesitancy. Venezuelan policymakers have traditionally not rendered much attention to ethnic disparities. In this study, we assess whether vaccine hesitancy varies across ethnic groups, in a sample of 273 Venezuelan university students. Results come out showing that marginalized ethnic groups in Venezuela are more prone to vaccine hesitancy, and also have greater levels of acceptance regarding conspiracy theories. Coefficients of correlation of ethnic discrimination with vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs are moderate. Coefficients of correlation of paranoid ideation with vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs are weak. This suggests that in order to successfully complete the vaccination program, policymakers in Venezuela must begin to approach racial disparities.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Students ; Universities ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Venezuela
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.037
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    Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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