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  1. Article ; Online: Diagnosis support systems for rare diseases

    Carole Faviez / Xiaoyi Chen / Nicolas Garcelon / Antoine Neuraz / Bertrand Knebelmann / Rémi Salomon / Stanislas Lyonnet / Sophie Saunier / Anita Burgun

    Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a scoping review

    2020  Volume 16

    Abstract: Abstract Introduction Rare diseases affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Delayed diagnosis is frequent due to lack of knowledge of most clinicians and a small number of expert centers. Consequently, computerized diagnosis support systems ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Introduction Rare diseases affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Delayed diagnosis is frequent due to lack of knowledge of most clinicians and a small number of expert centers. Consequently, computerized diagnosis support systems have been developed to address these issues, with many relying on rare disease expertise and taking advantage of the increasing volume of generated and accessible health-related data. Our objective is to perform a review of all initiatives aiming to support the diagnosis of rare diseases. Methods A scoping review was conducted based on methods proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A charting form for relevant study analysis was developed and used to categorize data. Results Sixty-eight studies were retained at the end of the charting process. Diagnosis targets varied from 1 rare disease to all rare diseases. Material used for diagnosis support consisted mostly of phenotype concepts, images or fluids. Fifty-seven percent of the studies used expert knowledge. Two-thirds of the studies relied on machine learning algorithms, and one-third used simple similarities. Manual algorithms were encountered as well. Most of the studies presented satisfying performance of evaluation by comparison with references or with external validation. Fourteen studies provided online tools, most of which aimed to support the diagnosis of all rare diseases by considering queries based on phenotype concepts. Conclusion Numerous solutions relying on different materials and use of various methodologies are emerging with satisfying preliminary results. However, the variability of approaches and evaluation processes complicates the comparison of results. Efforts should be made to adequately validate these tools and guarantee reproducibility and explicability.
    Keywords Scoping review ; Rare disease ; Genetic diseases ; Diagnosis ; Clinical decision support ; Artificial intelligence ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Labeling for Big Data in radiation oncology

    Jean-Emmanuel Bibault / Eric Zapletal / Bastien Rance / Philippe Giraud / Anita Burgun

    PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 1, p e

    The Radiation Oncology Structures ontology.

    2018  Volume 0191263

    Abstract: Leveraging Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Oncology Information Systems (OIS) has great potential to generate hypotheses for cancer treatment, since they directly provide medical data on a large scale. In order to gather a significant amount of ... ...

    Abstract Leveraging Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Oncology Information Systems (OIS) has great potential to generate hypotheses for cancer treatment, since they directly provide medical data on a large scale. In order to gather a significant amount of patients with a high level of clinical details, multicenter studies are necessary. A challenge in creating high quality Big Data studies involving several treatment centers is the lack of semantic interoperability between data sources. We present the ontology we developed to address this issue.Radiation Oncology anatomical and target volumes were categorized in anatomical and treatment planning classes. International delineation guidelines specific to radiation oncology were used for lymph nodes areas and target volumes. Hierarchical classes were created to generate The Radiation Oncology Structures (ROS) Ontology. The ROS was then applied to the data from our institution.Four hundred and seventeen classes were created with a maximum of 14 children classes (average = 5). The ontology was then converted into a Web Ontology Language (.owl) format and made available online on Bioportal and GitHub under an Apache 2.0 License. We extracted all structures delineated in our department since the opening in 2001. 20,758 structures were exported from our "record-and-verify" system, demonstrating a significant heterogeneity within a single center. All structures were matched to the ROS ontology before integration into our clinical data warehouse (CDW).In this study we describe a new ontology, specific to radiation oncology, that reports all anatomical and treatment planning structures that can be delineated. This ontology will be used to integrate dosimetric data in the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris CDW that stores data from 6.5 million patients (as of February 2017).
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Comparison of methods for early-readmission prediction in a high-dimensional heterogeneous covariates and time-to-event outcome framework

    Simon Bussy / Raphaël Veil / Vincent Looten / Anita Burgun / Stéphane Gaïffas / Agathe Guilloux / Brigitte Ranque / Anne-Sophie Jannot

    BMC Medical Research Methodology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Background Choosing the most performing method in terms of outcome prediction or variables selection is a recurring problem in prognosis studies, leading to many publications on methods comparison. But some aspects have received little attention. ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Choosing the most performing method in terms of outcome prediction or variables selection is a recurring problem in prognosis studies, leading to many publications on methods comparison. But some aspects have received little attention. First, most comparison studies treat prediction performance and variable selection aspects separately. Second, methods are either compared within a binary outcome setting (where we want to predict whether the readmission will occur within an arbitrarily chosen delay or not) or within a survival analysis setting (where the outcomes are directly the censored times), but not both. In this paper, we propose a comparison methodology to weight up those different settings both in terms of prediction and variables selection, while incorporating advanced machine learning strategies. Methods Using a high-dimensional case study on a sickle-cell disease (SCD) cohort, we compare 8 statistical methods. In the binary outcome setting, we consider logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB) and neural network (NN); while on the survival analysis setting, we consider the Cox Proportional Hazards (PH), the CURE and the C-mix models. We also propose a method using Gaussian Processes to extract meaningfull structured covariates from longitudinal data. Results Among all assessed statistical methods, the survival analysis ones obtain the best results. In particular the C-mix model yields the better performances in both the two considered settings (AUC =0.94 in the binary outcome setting), as well as interesting interpretation aspects. There is some consistency in selected covariates across methods within a setting, but not much across the two settings. Conclusions It appears that learning withing the survival analysis setting first (so using all the temporal information), and then going back to a binary prediction using the survival estimates gives significantly better prediction performances than the ones obtained by models ...
    Keywords Hospital readmission risk ; High-dimensional prediction ; Survival analysis ; Machine learning methods ; Sickle-cell disease ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Healthcare trajectory of children with rare bone disease attending pediatric emergency departments

    David Dawei Yang / Geneviève Baujat / Antoine Neuraz / Nicolas Garcelon / Claude Messiaen / Arnaud Sandrin / Gérard Cheron / Anita Burgun / Zagorka Pejin / Valérie Cormier-Daire / François Angoulvant

    Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Background Children with rare bone diseases (RBDs), whether medically complex or not, raise multiple issues in emergency situations. The healthcare burden of children with RBD in emergency structures remains unknown. The objective of this study ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Children with rare bone diseases (RBDs), whether medically complex or not, raise multiple issues in emergency situations. The healthcare burden of children with RBD in emergency structures remains unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the place of the pediatric emergency department (PED) in the healthcare of children with RBD. Methods We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study at a French university hospital. We included all children under the age of 18 years with RBD who visited the PED in 2017. By cross-checking data from the hospital clinical data warehouse, we were able to trace the healthcare trajectories of the patients. The main outcome of interest was the incidence (IR) of a second healthcare visit (HCV) within 30 days of the index visit to the PED. The secondary outcomes were the IR of planned and unplanned second HCVs and the proportion of patients classified as having chronic medically complex (CMC) disease at the PED visit. Results The 141 visits to the PED were followed by 84 s HCVs, giving an IR of 0.60 [95% CI: 0.48–0.74]. These second HCVs were planned in 60 cases (IR = 0.43 [95% CI: 0.33–0.55]) and unplanned in 24 (IR = 0.17 [95% CI: 0.11–0.25]). Patients with CMC diseases accounted for 59 index visits (42%) and 43 s HCVs (51%). Multivariate analysis including CMC status as an independent variable, with adjustment for age, yielded an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of second HCVs of 1.51 [95% CI: 0.98–2.32]. The IRR of planned second HCVs was 1.20 [95% CI: 0.76–1.90] and that of unplanned second HCVs was 2.81 [95% CI: 1.20–6.58]. Conclusion An index PED visit is often associated with further HCVs in patients with RBD. The IRR of unplanned second HCVs was high, highlighting the major burden of HCVs for patients with chronic and severe disease.
    Keywords Rare disease/pathology ; Bone disease/pathology ; Healthcare delivery ; Pediatric emergency medicine ; Multiple chronic medical conditions ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Reorganisation of GP surgeries during the COVID-19 outbreak

    Rosy Tsopra / Paul Frappe / Sven Streit / Ana Luisa Neves / Persijn J. Honkoop / Ana Belen Espinosa-Gonzalez / Berk Geroğlu / Tobias Jahr / Heidrun Lingner / Katarzyna Nessler / Gabriella Pesolillo / Øyvind Stople Sivertsen / Hans Thulesius / Raluca Zoitanu / Anita Burgun / Shérazade Kinouani

    BMC Family Practice, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    analysis of guidelines from 15 countries

    2021  Volume 16

    Abstract: Abstract Background General practitioners (GPs) play a key role in managing the COVID-19 outbreak. However, they may encounter difficulties adapting their practices to the pandemic. We provide here an analysis of guidelines for the reorganisation of GP ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background General practitioners (GPs) play a key role in managing the COVID-19 outbreak. However, they may encounter difficulties adapting their practices to the pandemic. We provide here an analysis of guidelines for the reorganisation of GP surgeries during the beginning of the pandemic from 15 countries. Methods A network of GPs collaborated together in a three-step process: (i) identification of key recommendations of GP surgery reorganisation, according to WHO, CDC and health professional resources from health care facilities; (ii) collection of key recommendations included in the guidelines published in 15 countries; (iii) analysis, comparison and synthesis of the results. Results Recommendations for the reorganisation of GP surgeries of four types were identified: (i) reorganisation of GP consultations (cancelation of non-urgent consultations, follow-up via e-consultations), (ii) reorganisation of GP surgeries (area partitioning, visual alerts and signs, strict hygiene measures), (iii) reorganisation of medical examinations by GPs (equipment, hygiene, partial clinical examinations, patient education), (iv) reorganisation of GP staff (equipment, management, meetings, collaboration with the local community). Conclusions We provide here an analysis of guidelines for the reorganisation of GP surgeries during the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak from 15 countries. These guidelines focus principally on clinical care, with less attention paid to staff management, and the area of epidemiological surveillance and research is largely neglected. The differences of guidelines between countries and the difficulty to apply them in routine care, highlight the need of advanced research in primary care. Thereby, primary care would be able to provide recommendations adapted to the real-world settings and with stronger evidence, which is especially necessary during pandemics.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; General Practitioner ; Primary care ; Clinical Practice Guidelines ; Pandemic ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Leveraging the EHR4CR platform to support patient inclusion in academic studies

    Yannick Girardeau / Justin Doods / Eric Zapletal / Gilles Chatellier / Christel Daniel / Anita Burgun / Martin Dugas / Bastien Rance

    BMC Medical Research Methodology, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    challenges and lessons learned

    2017  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Background The development of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in hospitals offers the ability to reuse data from patient care activities for clinical research. EHR4CR is a European public-private partnership aiming to develop a computerized ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The development of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in hospitals offers the ability to reuse data from patient care activities for clinical research. EHR4CR is a European public-private partnership aiming to develop a computerized platform that enables the re-use of data collected from EHRs over its network. However, the reproducibility of queries may depend on attributes of the local data. Our objective was 1/ to describe the different steps that were achieved in order to use the EHR4CR platform and 2/ to identify the specific issues that could impact the final performance of the platform. Methods We selected three institutional studies covering various medical domains. The studies included a total of 67 inclusion and exclusion criteria and ran in two University Hospitals. We described the steps required to use the EHR4CR platform for a feasibility study. We also defined metrics to assess each of the steps (including criteria complexity, normalization quality, and data completeness of EHRs). Results We identified 114 distinct medical concepts from a total of 67 eligibility criteria Among the 114 concepts: 23 (20.2%) corresponded to non-structured data (i.e. for which transformation is needed before analysis), 92 (81%) could be mapped to terminologies used in EHR4CR, and 86 (75%) could be mapped to local terminologies. We identified 51 computable criteria following the normalization process. The normalization was considered by experts to be satisfactory or higher for 64.2% (43/67) of the computable criteria. All of the computable criteria could be expressed using the EHR4CR platform. Conclusions We identified a set of issues that could affect the future results of the platform: (a) the normalization of free-text criteria, (b) the translation into computer-friendly criteria and (c) issues related to the execution of the query to clinical data warehouses. We developed and evaluated metrics to better describe the platforms and their result. These metrics could be used for future reports of ...
    Keywords Clinical trial ; Patient recruitment ; Electronic health records ; Clinical trial recruitment system ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 005
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: A novel data-driven workflow combining literature and electronic health records to estimate comorbidities burden for a specific disease

    Jean-Baptiste Escudié / Bastien Rance / Georgia Malamut / Sherine Khater / Anita Burgun / Christophe Cellier / Anne-Sophie Jannot

    BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a case study on autoimmune comorbidities in patients with celiac disease

    2017  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Background Data collected in EHRs have been widely used to identifying specific conditions; however there is still a need for methods to define comorbidities and sources to identify comorbidities burden. We propose an approach to assess ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Data collected in EHRs have been widely used to identifying specific conditions; however there is still a need for methods to define comorbidities and sources to identify comorbidities burden. We propose an approach to assess comorbidities burden for a specific disease using the literature and EHR data sources in the case of autoimmune diseases in celiac disease (CD). Methods We generated a restricted set of comorbidities using the literature (via the MeSH® co-occurrence file). We extracted the 15 most co-occurring autoimmune diseases of the CD. We used mappings of the comorbidities to EHR terminologies: ICD-10 (billing codes), ATC (drugs) and UMLS (clinical reports). Finally, we extracted the concepts from the different data sources. We evaluated our approach using the correlation between prevalence estimates in our cohort and co-occurrence ranking in the literature. Results We retrieved the comorbidities for 741 patients with CD. 18.1% of patients had at least one of the 15 studied autoimmune disorders. Overall, 79.3% of the mapped concepts were detected only in text, 5.3% only in ICD codes and/or drugs prescriptions, and 15.4% could be found in both sources. Prevalence in our cohort were correlated with literature (Spearman’s coefficient 0.789, p = 0.0005). The three most prevalent comorbidities were thyroiditis 12.6% (95% CI 10.1–14.9), type 1 diabetes 2.3% (95% CI 1.2–3.4) and dermatitis herpetiformis 2.0% (95% CI 1.0–3.0). Conclusion We introduced a process that leveraged the MeSH terminology to identify relevant autoimmune comorbidities of the CD and several data sources from EHRs to phenotype a large population of CD patients. We achieved prevalence estimates comparable to the literature.
    Keywords Autoimmune diseases ; Celiac disease ; Electronic health records ; Icd 10 ; Phenotype ; Prevalence study ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Radiomics and Machine Learning for Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers

    Paul Giraud / Philippe Giraud / Anne Gasnier / Radouane El Ayachy / Sarah Kreps / Jean-Philippe Foy / Catherine Durdux / Florence Huguet / Anita Burgun / Jean-Emmanuel Bibault

    Frontiers in Oncology, Vol

    2019  Volume 9

    Abstract: Introduction: An increasing number of parameters can be considered when making decisions in oncology. Tumor characteristics can also be extracted from imaging through the use of radiomics and add to this wealth of clinical data. Machine learning can ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: An increasing number of parameters can be considered when making decisions in oncology. Tumor characteristics can also be extracted from imaging through the use of radiomics and add to this wealth of clinical data. Machine learning can encompass these parameters and thus enhance clinical decision as well as radiotherapy workflow.Methods: We performed a description of machine learning applications at each step of treatment by radiotherapy in head and neck cancers. We then performed a systematic review on radiomics and machine learning outcome prediction models in head and neck cancers.Results: Machine Learning has several promising applications in treatment planning with automatic organ at risk delineation improvements and adaptative radiotherapy workflow automation. It may also provide new approaches for Normal Tissue Complication Probability models. Radiomics may provide additional data on tumors for improved machine learning powered predictive models, not only on survival, but also on risk of distant metastasis, in field recurrence, HPV status and extra nodal spread. However, most studies provide preliminary data requiring further validation.Conclusion: Promising perspectives arise from machine learning applications and radiomics based models, yet further data are necessary for their implementation in daily care.
    Keywords radiomics ; machine learning in head and neck cancer ; predictive medicine ; radiation oncology ; treatment planning ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Next generation phenotyping using narrative reports in a rare disease clinical data warehouse

    Nicolas Garcelon / Antoine Neuraz / Rémi Salomon / Nadia Bahi-Buisson / Jeanne Amiel / Capucine Picard / Nizar Mahlaoui / Vincent Benoit / Anita Burgun / Bastien Rance

    Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Background Secondary use of data collected in Electronic Health Records opens perspectives for increasing our knowledge of rare diseases. The clinical data warehouse (named Dr. Warehouse) at the Necker-Enfants Malades Children’s Hospital ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Secondary use of data collected in Electronic Health Records opens perspectives for increasing our knowledge of rare diseases. The clinical data warehouse (named Dr. Warehouse) at the Necker-Enfants Malades Children’s Hospital contains data collected during normal care for thousands of patients. Dr. Warehouse is oriented toward the exploration of clinical narratives. In this study, we present our method to find phenotypes associated with diseases of interest. Methods We leveraged the frequency and TF-IDF to explore the association between clinical phenotypes and rare diseases. We applied our method in six use cases: phenotypes associated with the Rett, Lowe, Silver Russell, Bardet-Biedl syndromes, DOCK8 deficiency and Activated PI3-kinase Delta Syndrome (APDS). We asked domain experts to evaluate the relevance of the top-50 (for frequency and TF-IDF) phenotypes identified by Dr. Warehouse and computed the average precision and mean average precision. Results Experts concluded that between 16 and 39 phenotypes could be considered as relevant in the top-50 phenotypes ranked by descending frequency discovered by Dr. Warehouse (resp. between 11 and 41 for TF-IDF). Average precision ranges from 0.55 to 0.91 for frequency and 0.52 to 0.95 for TF-IDF. Mean average precision was 0.79. Our study suggests that phenotypes identified in clinical narratives stored in Electronic Health Record can provide rare disease specialists with candidate phenotypes that can be used in addition to the literature. Conclusions Clinical Data Warehouses can be used to perform Next Generation Phenotyping, especially in the context of rare diseases. We have developed a method to detect phenotypes associated with a group of patients using medical concepts extracted from free-text clinical narratives.
    Keywords Data warehouse ; Next generation phenotyping ; Data mining ; Rare diseases ; Natural language processing ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Author Correction

    Jean-Emmanuel Bibault / Philippe Giraud / Martin Housset / Catherine Durdux / Julien Taieb / Anne Berger / Romain Coriat / Stanislas Chaussade / Bertrand Dousset / Bernard Nordlinger / Anita Burgun

    Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    Deep Learning and Radiomics predict complete response after neo-adjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer

    2018  Volume 2

    Abstract: A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. ...

    Abstract A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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