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Article ; Online: Women’s Activism in Pakistan

Anjum Gulnaz

Open Cultural Studies, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 36-

Role of Religious Nationalism and Feminist Ideology Among Self-Identified Conservatives and Liberals

2020 Volume 49

Abstract: This paper explores women’s activism and political engagement in contemporary Pakistan. In this exploration with self-identified liberal and conservative groups of women, emerged their experiences and narratives about Feminism and Nationalism with a ... ...

Abstract	This paper explores women’s activism and political engagement in contemporary Pakistan. In this exploration with self-identified liberal and conservative groups of women, emerged their experiences and narratives about Feminism and Nationalism with a common moderator being religious affiliations. In this qualitative and phenomenological exploration, the informants belonged to various self-identified liberal and conservative women-led organizations. To this end, 20 women (age-range 23-48 years) were interviewed. Results indicated that gender roles and feminism were seen very differently between the two groups; gender and national identity were closely associated with Islamic values and there was a negative association between nationalism and feminist ideology. Women from liberal organizations, mostly feminists, emphasized pro-public-sphere engagement of women, rebelling against religious fundamentalism. On the contrary, many self-reported conservative women proclaimed nationalist, anti-feminists (they did not identify as Islamic feminists) and pro-private-sphere engagement of women. Many of the liberal informants complained about Pakistan’s misogynistic society and hurdles they faced in demanding equal opportunities for women. This research has implications for gender equality and female identity in the context of nationalism, women’s mobility and entitlement to the public sphere. The study also has applied significance for prejudices and stereotypes that make it difficult for women, to break away from fixed categories of gender role expectations. This paper informs academics and practitioners on socially and politically engaged Pakistani women’s views regarding these narratives. The study concluded that women’s activism is influenced by their religious views and their religious interpretation of feminism and nationalism in Pakistani society.
Keywords	feminism and nationalism ; feminism in pakistan ; religious nationalism ; gender equality ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	De Gruyter
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Advancing equity in cross-cultural psychology: embracing diverse epistemologies and fostering collaborative practices.

Anjum, Gulnaz / Aziz, Mudassar

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1368663

Abstract: Psychology, and cross-cultural psychology (CCP) in particular, plays a pivotal role in understanding the intricate relationship between culture and human behavior. This paper sheds light on the challenges of inequity and marginalization, especially ... ...

Abstract	Psychology, and cross-cultural psychology (CCP) in particular, plays a pivotal role in understanding the intricate relationship between culture and human behavior. This paper sheds light on the challenges of inequity and marginalization, especially concerning scholarship from the Global South, which have roots in historical colonial practices. It highlights how intellectual extractivism and the predominance of Western research methodologies often overlook the contributions of Global South scholars and indigenous ways of knowing. Such imbalances risk narrowing the scope of psychological inquiry, privileging American and European perspectives, and undermining the richness of global human experiences. This paper calls for a shift toward more equitable collaborations and the recognition of diverse epistemologies. By advocating for genuine representation in research and valuing local knowledge, it proposes pathways for a more inclusive and authentic exploration of human behavior across cultures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1368663
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Article ; Online: StresSense: Real-Time detection of stress-displaying behaviors.

Saddaf Khan, Nida / Qadir, Saleeta / Anjum, Gulnaz / Uddin, Nasir

International journal of medical informatics

2024 Volume 185, Page(s) 105401

Abstract: Background: Wrist-worn gadgets like smartphones are ideal for unobtrusively gathering user data, in various fields such as health and fitness monitoring, communication, and productivity enhancement. They seamlessly integrate into users' daily lives, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Wrist-worn gadgets like smartphones are ideal for unobtrusively gathering user data, in various fields such as health and fitness monitoring, communication, and productivity enhancement. They seamlessly integrate into users' daily lives, providing valuable insights and features without the need for constant attention or disruption. In sensitive domains like mental health, these devices provide user-friendly, privacy-protected means of diagnosis and treatment, offering a secure and cost-effective avenue for seeking help. Objectives: This study addresses the limitations of traditional mental health assessment techniques, such as intrusive sensing and subjective self-reporting, by harnessing the unobtrusive data collection capabilities of smartphones. Equipped with accelerometers and other sensors, these devices offer a novel approach to mental health research. Our objective was to develop methods for real-time detection of stress and boredom behavior markers using smart devices and machine learning algorithms. Methodology: By leveraging data from accelerometers (A), gyroscopes (G), and magnetometers (M), we compiled a dataset indicative of stress-related behaviors and trained various machine-learning models for predictive accuracy. The methodology involved collecting data from motion sensors (A, G, and M) on the dominant arm's wrist-worn smartphone, followed by data preprocessing, transformation from time series format, and training a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for activity recognition. Findings: Remarkably, the DNN achieved an accuracy of 93.50% on test data, outperforming traditional and ensemble machine learning methods across different window sizes, and demonstrated real-time accuracy of 77.78%, validating its practical application. Conclusion: In conclusion, this research presents a novel dataset for detecting stress and boredom behaviors using smartphones, reducing reliance on costly devices and offering a more objective assessment. It also proposes a DNN-based method for wrist-worn devices to accurately identify complex activities associated with stress and boredom, with benefits in terms of privacy and user convenience. This advancement represents a significant contribution to the field of mental health research, providing a less intrusive and more user-friendly approach to monitoring mental well-being.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smartphone ; Mental Health ; Exercise ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Algorithms
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1466296-6
ISSN	1872-8243 ; 1386-5056
ISSN (online)	1872-8243
ISSN	1386-5056
DOI	10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105401
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Article ; Online: Extreme Reactions to Globalization: Investigating Indirect, Longitudinal, and Experimental Effects of the Globalization-Radicalization Nexus.

Ozer, Simon / Obaidi, Milan / Anjum, Gulnaz

Personality & social psychology bulletin

2023 , Page(s) 1461672231167694

Abstract: Radicalization-as a complex process of adopting extremist attitudes-includes maladaptive responses to the transformative power of globalization. Globalization contains sociocultural disruptive and acculturative processes, initiating exclusionary and ... ...

Abstract	Radicalization-as a complex process of adopting extremist attitudes-includes maladaptive responses to the transformative power of globalization. Globalization contains sociocultural disruptive and acculturative processes, initiating exclusionary and integrative reactions. These reactions have dissimilarly been associated with aspects of extremism. In seven preregistered studies (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047603-6
ISSN	1552-7433 ; 0146-1672
ISSN (online)	1552-7433
ISSN	0146-1672
DOI	10.1177/01461672231167694
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Article: Life and mental health in limbo of the Ukraine war: How can helpers assist civilians, asylum seekers and refugees affected by the war?

Anjum, Gulnaz / Aziz, Mudassar / Hamid, Hadar Khasrow

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1129299

Abstract: The terror spread by the war disrupts lives and severs families, leaving individuals and communities devastated. People are left to fend for themselves on multiple levels, especially psychologically. It is well documented that war adversely affects non- ... ...

Abstract	The terror spread by the war disrupts lives and severs families, leaving individuals and communities devastated. People are left to fend for themselves on multiple levels, especially psychologically. It is well documented that war adversely affects non-combatant civilians, both physically and psychologically. However, how the war puts civilians' lives in a limbo is an under-researched area. This paper focuses on three aspects: (1) how the mental health and well-being of Ukrainian civilians, asylum seekers, and refugees are affected by the war caused limbo; (2) what factors affect this process of being stuck in the limbo of war; and (3) how psychologists and helpers in the war-ridden and host countries can provide meaningful support. Based on the authors' own practical work with Ukrainian civilians, refugees, and professional helpers during the war, this paper provides an overview of multi-level factors that impact human psyches in a war, and possible ways to help those who are living in the war limbo. In this research and experiential learning-based review, we offer some helpful strategies, action plans, and resources for the helpers including psychologists, counselors, volunteers, and relief workers. We emphasize that the effects of war are neither linear nor equal for all civilians and refugees. Some will recover and return to a routine life while others will experience panic attacks, trauma, depression, and even PTSD, which can also surface much later and can prolong over the years. Hence, we provide experience-based ways of dealing with short-term and prolonged trauma of living with war and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mental health professionals and other helpers in Ukraine and in host countries can use these helping strategies and resources to provide effective support for Ukrainians and for war refugees in general.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129299
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Article: Vulnerabilities associated with slow-onset events (SoEs) of climate change: multi-level analysis in the context of Pakistan

Anjum, Gulnaz / Fraser, Arabella

Current opinion in environmental sustainability. 2021 June, v. 50

2021

Abstract: This paper explores physical, psychological, social, and institutional vulnerabilities associated with slow-onset events (SoEs) of climate change. Based on review of interdisciplinary research in the context of Pakistan, this paper reviews the relevance ... ...

Abstract	This paper explores physical, psychological, social, and institutional vulnerabilities associated with slow-onset events (SoEs) of climate change. Based on review of interdisciplinary research in the context of Pakistan, this paper reviews the relevance of multi-level vulnerabilities and how they exacerbate impacts of SoEs of climate change. The physical vulnerabilities of climate change have been relatively well researched; however, research on the psychological, social, and institutional vulnerabilities and their intersectional associations with SoEs have been rare. Therefore, this review highlights the need for understanding multi-level vulnerabilities of high-risk groups in Pakistan. This paper emphasizes the need to work with an integrated approach for vulnerabilities of marginalized subgroups such as gender (women’s marginalized status), socio-economic status (lower SES), displacement history, and migration background. Finally, we propose the need for inclusive policy building sensitive to the demands of vulnerable groups in Karachi and elsewhere in Pakistan. We hope that this multilevel and inclusive framework has the potential to guide practitioners, and especially those who are least prepared for the slow-onset events of climate change.
Keywords	climate change ; environmental sustainability ; gender ; interdisciplinary research ; issues and policy ; socioeconomic status ; Pakistan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-06
Size	p. 54-63.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2514810-2
ISSN	1877-3435
ISSN	1877-3435
DOI	10.1016/j.cosust.2021.02.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Between victory and peace: Unravelling the paradox of hope in intractable conflicts.

Shani, Maor / Kunst, Jonas R / Anjum, Gulnaz / Obaidi, Milan / Leshem, Oded Adomi / Antonovsky, Roman / van Zalk, Maarten / Halperin, Eran

The British journal of social psychology

2024

Abstract: Previous research on group-based hope has predominantly focused on positive intergroup outcomes, such as peace and harmony. In this paper, we demonstrate that hope experienced towards group-centric political outcomes, such as a victory in a conflict and ... ...

Abstract	Previous research on group-based hope has predominantly focused on positive intergroup outcomes, such as peace and harmony. In this paper, we demonstrate that hope experienced towards group-centric political outcomes, such as a victory in a conflict and defeating the enemy, can be detrimental to peace. In Study 1, conducted among Israeli Jews, hope for victory over the Palestinians was uniquely associated with more support for extreme war policies, whereas hope for peace generally showed the opposite associations. In Study 2, we replicated these results among Muslim Pakistanis regarding the Pakistan-India dispute. Notably, in both Studies 1 and 2, only hope for victory significantly predicted personal violent extremist intentions. In Study 3, conducted with a representative sample of Israeli Jews, we found three latent profiles of hope: victory hopers, peace hopers, and dual hopers (hoping for both peace and victory). Finally, in preregistered Study 4, we longitudinally investigated how hopes for victory and peace changed from a relatively calm period in 2021 to the Israel-Hamas War of 2023, utilizing a Bivariate Latent Change Score analysis. Increases in hope for victory during the highly intense war explained the increase in support for violence. We discuss implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	625325-8
ISSN	2044-8309 ; 0144-6665
ISSN (online)	2044-8309
ISSN	0144-6665
DOI	10.1111/bjso.12722
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Article ; Online: Cultural threat perceptions predict violent extremism via need for cognitive closure.

Obaidi, Milan / Anjum, Gulnaz / Bierwiaczonek, Kinga / Dovidio, John F / Ozer, Simon / Kunst, Jonas R

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 20, Page(s) e2213874120

Abstract: Understanding the psychological processes that drive violent extremism is a pressing global issue. Across six studies, we demonstrate that perceived cultural threats lead to violent extremism because they increase people's need for cognitive closure (NFC) ...

Abstract	Understanding the psychological processes that drive violent extremism is a pressing global issue. Across six studies, we demonstrate that perceived cultural threats lead to violent extremism because they increase people's need for cognitive closure (NFC). In general population samples (from Denmark, Afghanistan, Pakistan, France, and an international sample) and a sample of former Mujahideen in Afghanistan, single-level and multilevel mediation analyses revealed that NFC mediated the association between perceived cultural threats and violent extremist outcomes. Further, in comparisons between the sample of former Afghan Mujahideen and the general population sample from Afghanistan following the known-group paradigm, the former Mujahideen scored significantly higher on cultural threat, NFC, and violent extremist outcomes. Moreover, the proposed model successfully differentiated former Afghan Mujahideen participants from the general Afghan participants. Next, two preregistered experiments provided causal support for the model. Experimentally manipulating the predictor (cultural threat) in Pakistan led to higher scores on the mediator (NFC) and dependent variables (violent extremist outcomes). Finally, an experiment conducted in France demonstrated the causal effect of the mediator (NFC) on violent extremist outcomes. Two internal meta-analyses using state-of-the-art methods (i.e., meta-analytic structural equation modeling and pooled indirect effects analyses) further demonstrated the robustness of our results across the different extremist outcomes, designs, populations, and settings. Cultural threat perceptions seem to drive violent extremism by eliciting a need for cognitive closure.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Violence/psychology ; Terrorism/psychology ; Aggression ; Afghanistan ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2213874120
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Article ; Online: Group-Based Relative Deprivation Explains Endorsement of Extremism Among Western-Born Muslims.

Obaidi, Milan / Bergh, Robin / Akrami, Nazar / Anjum, Gulnaz

Psychological science

2019 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 596–605

Abstract: Although jihadist threats are regarded as foreign, most Islamist terror attacks in Europe and the United States have been orchestrated by Muslims born and raised in Western societies. In the present research, we explored a link between perceived ... ...

Abstract	Although jihadist threats are regarded as foreign, most Islamist terror attacks in Europe and the United States have been orchestrated by Muslims born and raised in Western societies. In the present research, we explored a link between perceived deprivation of Western Muslims and endorsement of extremism. We suggest that Western-born Muslims are particularly vulnerable to the impact of perceived relative deprivation because comparisons with majority groups' peers are more salient for them than for individuals born elsewhere. Thus, we hypothesized that Western-born, compared with foreign-born, Muslims would score higher on four predictors of extremism (e.g., violent intentions), and group-based deprivation would explain these differences. Studies 1 to 6 ( Ns = 59, 232, 259, 243, 104, and 366, respectively) confirmed that Western-born Muslims scored higher on all examined predictors of extremism. Mediation and meta-analysis showed that group-based relative deprivation accounted for these differences. Study 7 ( N = 60) showed that these findings are not generalizable to non-Muslims.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Islam/psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prejudice ; Religion and Psychology ; Terrorism/psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2022256-7
ISSN	1467-9280 ; 0956-7976
ISSN (online)	1467-9280
ISSN	0956-7976
DOI	10.1177/0956797619834879
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Article ; Online: eBook Short Notes on the Economy during the COVID-19 Crisis. Vol-Ii

Hyder, Asma / Mahmood, Zafar / Ullah, Wali / Anjum, Gulnaz / Nakhoda, Aadil / Shabbar, Shagufta / Iqbal, Nasir / Khalid, Shehriyar

SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

2020

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.2139/ssrn.3632167
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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