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Article ; Online: Comparison of Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Profiles of Enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. Obtained from Humans, Domestic Pigs, Wild Boars, Rodents, Pork and Dog Food

Axel Sannö / Thomas Rosendal / Anna Aspán / Annette Backhans / Magdalena Jacobson

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 3055, p

2023 Volume 3055

Abstract: The enteropathogenic Yersinia genus is commonly detected in wildlife including wild boars. Difficulties in its cultivation may hamper subsequent epidemiological studies and outbreak investigations. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis ( ... ...

Abstract	The enteropathogenic Yersinia genus is commonly detected in wildlife including wild boars. Difficulties in its cultivation may hamper subsequent epidemiological studies and outbreak investigations. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis has proven useful in source attribution and epidemiological studies but has hitherto relied on the analysis of isolates. In the present study, MLVA profiles generated from 254 isolates of Y. enterocolitica indicated similarities between human, pig and rodent isolates. Further, MLVA analyses of 13 Y. pseudotuberculosis pure-cultured isolates were compared to MLVA analyses performed directly on the 14 PCR-positive enrichment broths from which the isolates originated, which showed matching MLVA profiles. This indicates that MLVA analysis performed directly on enrichment broths could be a useful method for molecular epidemiological investigations. In addition, 10 out of 32 samples of wild boar minced meat obtained from private hunters and from approved wild-game-handling establishments were PCR-positive for the presence of Y. enterocolitica and may indicate a risk for public health.
Keywords	Y. enterocolitica ; Y. pseudotuberculosis ; multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Repeated nasopharyngeal lavage predicts freedom from silent carriage of Streptococcus equi after a strangles outbreak

John Pringle / Anna Aspán / Miia Riihimäki

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Vol 36, Iss 2, Pp 787-

2022 Volume 791

Abstract: Abstract Background The value of repeated nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL) to detect silent carriers of Streptococcus equi has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives Determine if results of serial testing for S. equi by NPL predicts subsequent true ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The value of repeated nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL) to detect silent carriers of Streptococcus equi has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives Determine if results of serial testing for S. equi by NPL predicts subsequent true carrier status as determined by both NPL and guttural pouch lavage. Animals An outbreak of strangles with 100% morbidity in 41 mature Icelandic horses was followed prospectively to investigate development of silent carriers. All were initially positive to S. equi on NPL. The farm was closed to horse movement during the entire study. Methods Prospective observational study. Testing for S. equi was performed by NPL at weeks 18, 28, 29, and 30 postindex case and subsequently at week 45 by both NPL and guttural pouch lavage. Carrier status at week 45 was compared to results obtained at weeks 18, 28, 29, and 30. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Comparisons were made using Fisher's exact test or the Freeman‐Halton extension with a P < .05 level of significance. Results Of 24 noncarriers at week 45, only 4 horses were negative on all 3 consecutive weekly NPL samples at weeks 28 to 30. However, 10 of the 11 horses with at least 3 negative NPL obtained from weeks 18, 28, 29, and 30 were S. equi‐free at week 45 (P = .03). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Repeated NPL on at least 3 separate occasions can assist in predicting S. equi carrier‐free status in horses after recovery from a strangles outbreak.
Keywords	clinical trials ; evidence based medicine ; nasopharyngeal lavage ; silent carrier ; strangles ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Presence of Anaplasma spp. and Their Associated Antibodies in the Swedish Goat Population

Sara Lysholm / Frida Ådén / Anna Aspán / Ann Högberg / Jonas Johansson Wensman / Anna Omazic

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 333, p

2023 Volume 333

Abstract: Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that has a severe impact on livestock production and welfare. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the presence of Anaplasma spp. and associated antibodies in a subset of the Swedish goat population. In 2020, ...

Abstract	Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that has a severe impact on livestock production and welfare. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the presence of Anaplasma spp. and associated antibodies in a subset of the Swedish goat population. In 2020, six goat herds located in different parts of Sweden were visited and whole blood and serum samples were collected. The whole blood samples ( n = 40) were analysed for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , A. ovis and A. capra using quantitative and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serum samples ( n = 59) were analysed for the presence of antibodies to Anaplasma spp. using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the same analysis was carried out on additional serum samples previously collected in 2018, 2019 and 2020 ( n = 166). One goat (2.5%) tested positive for the presence of A. phagocytophilum genetic material, while the seropositivity rate ranged from 20 to 71%, depending on the surveyed year and area. These results indicate widespread exposure to Anaplasma spp. in the Swedish goat population. To inform future risk assessments and control efforts, further research is warranted to determine the prevalence of anaplasmosis and its impact on goat farming in Sweden.
Keywords	Anaplasmosis ; Anaplasma spp ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum ; Anaplasma ovis ; Anaplasma capra ; goat ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Streptococcus suis in Swedish grower pigs

Anna Werinder / Anna Aspán / Annette Backhans / Marie Sjölund / Bengt Guss / Magdalena Jacobson

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 62, Iss 1, Pp 1-

occurrence, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background Streptococcus suis is a major cause of meningitis, arthritis, and pneumonia in pigs worldwide, and an emerging pathogen in humans. In Sweden, S. suis has previously received little attention but has in recent years become increasingly ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Streptococcus suis is a major cause of meningitis, arthritis, and pneumonia in pigs worldwide, and an emerging pathogen in humans. In Sweden, S. suis has previously received little attention but has in recent years become increasingly recognized as affecting the pig production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence, serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. suis in Swedish grower pigs from herds with and without reported S. suis associated disease, as well as possible associations between S. suis associated disease and selected environmental and production factors. Swab samples were taken from the tonsils of clinically healthy 8–13-week-old grower pigs from ten case herds and ten control herds. Isolates were cultured, identified using MALDI–TOF MS, and serotyped using latex agglutination. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 188 isolates was tested using broth microdilution. Production data was gathered and environmental parameters were measured on the farms. Results Streptococcus suis was isolated from 95% of the sampled pigs in both the case and the control herds. Serotypes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, and 17–34 were detected, although a majority of the isolates (81.5%) were non-typeable. There was less diversity among the serotypes isolated from the case herds than among those from the control herds; four and nine different serotypes, respectively. Isolates resistant to penicillin (3.8%) were reported for the first time in Sweden. Tetracycline resistance was common (88.4%). No association was noted between the production and the environmental factors investigated, and the carriership of S. suis. Conclusions The carriership of S. suis was found to be higher in clinically healthy Swedish pigs than previously estimated, and for the first time, the presence of Swedish isolates resistant to penicillin was reported. Many of the most commonly disease-associated serotypes, e.g. serotypes 2, 9, 3, and 7, were detected in healthy grower pigs although further studies ...
Keywords	Antibiotic resistance ; Bacteria ; Environmental factors ; Infectious diseases ; Meningitis ; Microbiology ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Long term dynamics of a Streptococcus equi ssp equi outbreak, assessed by qPCR and culture and seM sequencing in silent carriers of strangles

Riihimäki, Miia / Anna Aspán / Helena Ljung / John Pringle

Veterinary microbiology. 2018 Sept., v. 223

2018

Abstract: The aim of the study was to use culture, qPCR and seM sequencing to map Streptococcus equi subspec. equi (S.equi) isolates in long term carrier animals. A strangles outbreak affecting 41 Icelandic horses was followed to determine strangles free status ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the study was to use culture, qPCR and seM sequencing to map Streptococcus equi subspec. equi (S.equi) isolates in long term carrier animals. A strangles outbreak affecting 41 Icelandic horses was followed to determine strangles free status using nasal and/or guttural pouch lavages collected serially on eleven separate occasions over 13 months. Ten persistent carriers, of which eight had repeated culture positive samples for S. equi, were selected for the study. Of 115 samples collected, 61 were S. equi positive on qPCR; from which 32 were also culture positive. Amplification of parts of the gene encoding the M-protein seM was performed on isolated colony material (n = 32) or, where only PCR product was obtained, directly on the DNA sample (n = 29) with a nested amplification approach. The seM sequence could be determined for six of the 29 samples that were solely qPCR positive. The outbreak was due to a S. equi strain of seM type 72. Three months after initial sampling isolates from two horses had seM gene sequences with one amino acid change. After six months S. equi with truncated seM genes were found in two horses; one variant in a single horse once, and in the other horse a variant that persisted and that was later identified in two additional horses. Non- mucoid S. equi colonies were found in two horses. Importantly, after acute strangles outbreaks many horses not only remain persistently qPCR positive for S. equi but are also intermittently culture positive.
Keywords	amino acids ; DNA ; genes ; guttural pouch ; horses ; Icelandic (horse breed) ; nose ; nucleotide sequences ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; strangles ; Streptococcus equi
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 107-112.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	753154-0
ISSN	1873-2542 ; 0378-1135
ISSN (online)	1873-2542
ISSN	0378-1135
DOI	10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.016
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Distribution of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. and Salmonella spp. in the Swedish wild boar population, and assessment of risk factors that may affect their prevalence

Axel Sannö / Thomas Rosendal / Anna Aspán / Annette Backhans / Magdalena Jacobson

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 60, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background Pure Eurasian wild boars and/or hybrids with domestic pigs are present in the wild on most continents. These wild pigs have been demonstrated to carry a large number of zoonotic and epizootic pathogens such as Salmonella spp., ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Pure Eurasian wild boars and/or hybrids with domestic pigs are present in the wild on most continents. These wild pigs have been demonstrated to carry a large number of zoonotic and epizootic pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Wild boar populations throughout Europe are growing and more and more wild boar meat is being consumed, the majority within the homes of hunters without having passed a veterinary inspection. The aim of this study was to investigate if factors such as population density, level of artificial feeding, time since establishment of a given population, and the handling of animal by-products from slaughtered animals could influence the presence of these pathogens in the wild boar. Results In total, 90 wild boars from 30 different populations in Sweden were sampled and analysed using a protocol combining pre-cultivation and PCR-detection. The results showed that 27% of the sampled wild boars were positive for Salmonella spp., 31% were positive for Y. enterocolitica and 22% were positive for Y. pseudotuberculosis. In 80% of the sampled populations, at least one wild boar was positive for one of these enteropathogens and in total, 60% of the animals carried at least one of the investigated enteropathogens. The presumptive risk factors were analysed using a case–control approach, however, no significant associations were found. Conclusion Human enteropathogens are commonly carried by wild boars, mainly in the tonsils, and can thus constitute a risk for contamination of the carcass and meat during slaughter. Based on the present results, the effect of reducing population densities and number of artificial feeding places might be limited.
Keywords	Human enteropathogens ; Risk factors ; Sweden ; Salmonella spp ; Wild boars ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The prevalence and genomic context of Shiga toxin 2a genes in E. coli found in cattle.

Tomas Jinnerot / Angeles Tatiana Ponton Tomaselli / Gro Skøien Johannessen / Robert Söderlund / Anne Margrete Urdahl / Anna Aspán / Camilla Sekse

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e

2020 Volume 0232305

Abstract: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that cause severe disease predominantly carry the toxin gene variant stx2a. However, the role of Shiga toxin in the ruminant reservoirs of this zoonotic pathogen is poorly understood and strains that cause ... ...

Abstract	Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that cause severe disease predominantly carry the toxin gene variant stx2a. However, the role of Shiga toxin in the ruminant reservoirs of this zoonotic pathogen is poorly understood and strains that cause severe disease in humans (HUSEC) likely constitute a small and atypical subset of the overall STEC flora. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of stx2a in samples from cattle and to isolate and characterize stx2a-positive E. coli. In nationwide surveys in Sweden and Norway samples were collected from individual cattle or from cattle herds, respectively. Samples were tested for Shiga toxin genes by real-time PCR and amplicon sequencing and stx2a-positive isolates were whole genome sequenced. Among faecal samples from Sweden, stx1 was detected in 37%, stx2 in 53% and stx2a in 5% and in skin (ear) samples in 64%, 79% and 2% respectively. In Norway, 79% of the herds were positive for stx1, 93% for stx2 and 17% for stx2a. Based on amplicon sequencing the most common stx2 types in samples from Swedish cattle were stx2a and stx2d. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 39 stx2a-positive isolates collected from both countries revealed substantial diversity with 19 different sequence types. Only a few classical LEE-positive strains similar to HUSEC were found among the stx2a-positive isolates, notably a single O121:H19 and an O26:H11. Lineages known to include LEE-negative HUSEC were also recovered including, such as O113:H21 (sequence type ST-223), O130:H11 (ST-297), and O101:H33 (ST-330). We conclude that E. coli encoding stx2a in cattle are ranging from strains similar to HUSEC to unknown STEC variants. Comparison of isolates from human HUS cases to related STEC from the ruminant reservoirs can help identify combinations of virulence attributes necessary to cause HUS, as well as provide a better understanding of the routes of infection for rare and emerging pathogenic STEC.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Distribution of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. and Salmonella spp. in the Swedish wild boar population, and assessment of risk factors that may affect their prevalence

Sannö, Axel / Thomas Rosendal / Anna Aspán / Annette Backhans / Magdalena Jacobson

Acta veterinaria scandinavica. 2018 Dec., v. 60, no. 1

2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pure Eurasian wild boars and/or hybrids with domestic pigs are present in the wild on most continents. These wild pigs have been demonstrated to carry a large number of zoonotic and epizootic pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Yersinia ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Pure Eurasian wild boars and/or hybrids with domestic pigs are present in the wild on most continents. These wild pigs have been demonstrated to carry a large number of zoonotic and epizootic pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Wild boar populations throughout Europe are growing and more and more wild boar meat is being consumed, the majority within the homes of hunters without having passed a veterinary inspection. The aim of this study was to investigate if factors such as population density, level of artificial feeding, time since establishment of a given population, and the handling of animal by-products from slaughtered animals could influence the presence of these pathogens in the wild boar. RESULTS: In total, 90 wild boars from 30 different populations in Sweden were sampled and analysed using a protocol combining pre-cultivation and PCR-detection. The results showed that 27% of the sampled wild boars were positive for Salmonella spp., 31% were positive for Y. enterocolitica and 22% were positive for Y. pseudotuberculosis. In 80% of the sampled populations, at least one wild boar was positive for one of these enteropathogens and in total, 60% of the animals carried at least one of the investigated enteropathogens. The presumptive risk factors were analysed using a case–control approach, however, no significant associations were found. CONCLUSION: Human enteropathogens are commonly carried by wild boars, mainly in the tonsils, and can thus constitute a risk for contamination of the carcass and meat during slaughter. Based on the present results, the effect of reducing population densities and number of artificial feeding places might be limited.
Keywords	Salmonella ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; animal byproducts ; enteropathogens ; epizootic diseases ; humans ; hunters ; hybrids ; meat ; nutritional support ; population density ; protocols ; risk assessment ; risk factors ; slaughter ; swine ; tonsils ; wild boars ; Sweden
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 40.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	40137-7
ISSN	1751-0147 ; 0044-605X
ISSN (online)	1751-0147
ISSN	0044-605X
DOI	10.1186/s13028-018-0395-3
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers.

Ellen Ruth A Morris / Ashley G Boyle / Miia Riihimäki / Anna Aspán / Eman Anis / Andrew E Hillhouse / Ivan Ivanov / Angela I Bordin / John Pringle / Noah D Cohen

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e

2021 Volume 0252804

Abstract: Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (SEE) is a host-restricted bacterium that causes the common infectious upper respiratory disease known as strangles in horses. Perpetuation of SEE infection appears attributable to inapparent carrier horses because it ... ...

Abstract	Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (SEE) is a host-restricted bacterium that causes the common infectious upper respiratory disease known as strangles in horses. Perpetuation of SEE infection appears attributable to inapparent carrier horses because it neither persists long-term in the environment nor infects other host mammals or vectors, and infection results in short-lived immunity. Whether pathogen factors enable SEE to remain in horses without causing clinical signs remains poorly understood. Thus, our objective was to use next-generation sequencing technologies to characterize the genome, methylome, and transcriptome of isolates of SEE from horses with acute clinical strangles and inapparent carrier horses-including isolates recovered from individual horses sampled repeatedly-to assess pathogen-associated changes that might reflect specific adaptions of SEE to the host that contribute to inapparent carriage. The accessory genome elements and methylome of SEE isolates from Sweden and Pennsylvania revealed no significant or consistent differences between acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE. RNA sequencing of SEE isolates from Pennsylvania demonstrated no genes that were differentially expressed between acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE. The absence of specific, consistent changes in the accessory genomes, methylomes, and transcriptomes of acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE indicates that adaptations of SEE to the host are unlikely to explain the carrier state of SEE. Efforts to understand the carrier state of SEE should instead focus on host factors.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Lambs Undergoing Prophylactic Treatment Against Ticks on Two Swedish Farms

Giulio Grandi / Anna Aspán / Jenny Pihl / Katarina Gustafsson / Fredrik Engström / Tomas Jinnerot / Robert Söderlund / Jan Chirico

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2018 Volume 5

Abstract: Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), especially Anaplasma phagocytophilum, cause disease in grazing livestock. Tick prophylaxis is, therefore, a routine practice in sheep flocks in Sweden, especially in central, southern, and coastal areas of the country where ... ...

Abstract	Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), especially Anaplasma phagocytophilum, cause disease in grazing livestock. Tick prophylaxis is, therefore, a routine practice in sheep flocks in Sweden, especially in central, southern, and coastal areas of the country where ixodid ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis punctata) are present. In the present study, the status of infection by A. phagocytophilum and other TBPs in lambs treated with tick prophylaxis has been assessed serologically and with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood samples (n = 78) from lambs (n = 20) subjected to regular tick prophylactic treatment (flumethrin, Bayticol®) at two sites in different regions in Sweden (Östergötland, Gotland) were collected on four occasions from May until July 2013. The severity of clinical signs in Anaplasma-infected animals is known to differ between these two regions. In total, 20% of blood samples were PCR-positive for A. phagocytophilum. Serological analyses showed that 33% of all collected samples were positive for A. phagocytophilum, while 2.5% were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and 13% for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Percentages of lambs positive were 75 and 45% for A. phagocytophilum antibodies and DNA, respectively, while 10 and 45% were serologically positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. and TBEV, respectively. Sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes from Anaplasma PCR positive samples revealed presence of A. phagocytophilum in all animals in Östergötland, while sequences consistent with A. phagocytophilum as well as A. capra and A. bovis were found on the island of Gotland. This is the first report of the occurrence of the latter two species in Sweden.
Keywords	tick prophylaxis ; tick-borne pathogens ; sheep ; serology ; polymerase chain reaction ; 16S rRNA sequencing ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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