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Article ; Online: Genetic characterization of Bacillus anthracis strains circulating in Italy from 1972 to 2018.

Valeria Rondinone / Luigina Serrecchia / Antonio Parisi / Antonio Fasanella / Viviana Manzulli / Dora Cipolletta / Domenico Galante

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 1, p e

2020 Volume 0227875

Abstract: In Italy anthrax is an endemic disease, with a few outbreaks occurring almost every year. We surveyed 234 B. anthracis strains from animals (n = 196), humans (n = 3) and the environment (n = 35) isolated during Italian outbreaks in the years 1972-2018. ... ...

Abstract	In Italy anthrax is an endemic disease, with a few outbreaks occurring almost every year. We surveyed 234 B. anthracis strains from animals (n = 196), humans (n = 3) and the environment (n = 35) isolated during Italian outbreaks in the years 1972-2018. Despite the considerable genetic homogeneity of B. anthracis, the strains were effectively differentiated using canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (CanSNPs) assay and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The phylogenetic identity was determined through the characterization of 14 CanSNPs. In addition, a subsequent 31-loci MLVA assay was also used to further discriminate B. anthracis genotypes into subgroups. The analysis of 14 CanSNPs allowed for the identification of four main lineages: A.Br.011/009, A.Br.008/011 (respectively belonging to A.Br.008/009 sublineage, also known Trans-Eurasian or TEA group), A.Br.005/006 and B.Br.CNEVA. A.Br.011/009, the most common subgroup of lineage A, is the major genotype of B. anthracis in Italy. The MLVA analysis revealed the presence of 55 different genotypes in Italy. Most of the genotypes are genetically very similar, supporting the hypothesis that all strains evolved from a local common ancestral strain, except for two genotypes representing the branch A.Br.005/006 and B.Br.CNEVA. The genotyping analysis applied in this study remains a very valuable tool for studying the diversity, evolution, and molecular epidemiology of B. anthracis.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Do We Really Need Hazard Prevention at the Expense of Safeguarding Death Dignity in COVID-19?

Cristoforo Pomara / Francesco Sessa / Domenico Galante / Lorenzo Pace / Antonio Fasanella / Nunzio Di Nunno / Massimiliano Esposito / Monica Salerno

Diagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 1913, p

2021 Volume 1913

Abstract: To date, little is known regarding the transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection for subjects involved in handling, transporting, and examining deceased persons with known or suspected COVID-19 positivity at the time of death. This experimental study ... ...

Abstract	To date, little is known regarding the transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection for subjects involved in handling, transporting, and examining deceased persons with known or suspected COVID-19 positivity at the time of death. This experimental study aims to define if and/or how long SARS-CoV-2 persists with replication capacity in the tissues of individuals who died with/from COVID-19, thereby generating infectious hazards. Sixteen patients who died with/from COVID-19 who underwent autopsy between April 2020 and April 2021 were included in this study. Based on PMI, all samples were subdivided into two groups: ‘short PMI’ group (eight subjects who were autopsied between 12 to 72 h after death); ‘long PMI’ (eight subjects who were autopsied between 24 to 78 days after death). All patients tested positive for RT-PCR at nasopharyngeal swab both before death and on samples collected during post-mortem investigation. Moreover, a lung specimen was collected and frozen at −80 °C in order to perform viral culture. The result was defined based on the cytopathic effect (subjective reading) combined with the positivity of the RT-PCR test (objective reading) in the supernatant. Only in one sample (PMI 12 h), virus vitality was demonstrated. This study, supported by a literature review, suggests that the risk of cadaveric infection in cases of a person who died from/with COVID-19 is extremely low in the first hours after death, becoming null after 12 h after death, confirming the World Health Organization (WHO) assumed in March 2020 and suggesting that the corpse of a subject who died from/with COVID-19 should be generally considered not infectious.
Keywords	autopsy ; COVID-19 ; RT-PCR ; SARS-CoV-2 ; viral transmission ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genotyping Bacillus anthracis Strains of Albania

ARDI PEÇULI / ANTONIO FASANELLA / BIZENA BIJO

Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 41-

2016 Volume 44

Abstract: Anthrax in Albania is an endemic disease characterized by few outbreaks involving a very low number of animals. 11 strains of Bacillus spp isolated from died animals of different regions of Albania were examined. The analysis revealed that only 8 strains ...

Abstract	Anthrax in Albania is an endemic disease characterized by few outbreaks involving a very low number of animals. 11 strains of Bacillus spp isolated from died animals of different regions of Albania were examined. The analysis revealed that only 8 strains were confirmed as Bacillus anthracis. The analysis of CanSNPs showed that all isolates belong to lineage A major subgroup A Br. 008/009 ( TransEurasian or TEA strains). The MLVA test at 15 loci showed three different genotypes: Albania GT/1, Albania GT / 2 and Albania GT/3.
Keywords	Bacillus anthracis ; Real time PCR ; MLVA ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972 ; Agriculture ; S
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Agricultural University of Tirana
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An Outbreak of Human Systemic Anthrax, including One Case of Anthrax Meningitis, Occurred in Calabria Region (Italy)

Maurizio Guastalegname / Valeria Rondinone / Giuseppe Lucifora / Alfredo Vallone / Laura D’Argenio / Giovanni Petracca / Antonia Giordano / Luigina Serrecchia / Viviana Manzulli / Lorenzo Pace / Antonio Fasanella / Domenico Simone / Dora Cipolletta / Domenico Galante

Life, Vol 12, Iss 909, p

A Description of a Successful One Health Approach

2022 Volume 909

Abstract: In this report, three cases of human cutaneous anthrax are described, one complicated by meningitis, and all were linked to a single infected bullock. A 41-year-old male truck driver, along with two male slaughterhouse workers, 45 and 42, were ... ...

Abstract	In this report, three cases of human cutaneous anthrax are described, one complicated by meningitis, and all were linked to a single infected bullock. A 41-year-old male truck driver, along with two male slaughterhouse workers, 45 and 42, were hospitalized for necrotic lesions of the arm associated with edema of the limb and high fever. All three patients were involved in transporting a bullock to the slaughterhouse. Microbiological examination on the prescapular lymph node and a piece of muscle from the bullock carcass showed the presence of Bacillus anthracis . The three patients underwent a biopsy of the affected tissues, and all samples tested positive for B. anthracis DNA using PCR. Furthermore, the truck driver also complained of an intense headache, and a CSF sampling was performed, showing him positive for B. anthracis by PCR, confirming the presumptive diagnosis of meningitis. Fast diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for the management of human anthrax. Cooperation between human and veterinary medicine proved successful in diagnosing and resolving three human anthrax cases, confirming the reliability of the One Health approach for the surveillance of zoonoses.
Keywords	Bacillus anthracis ; One Health ; cutaneous anthrax ; meningitis ; antibiotic treatment ; epidemiology ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Correlation between In Vitro Neutralization Assay and Serological Tests for Protective Antibodies Detection

Maria Addolorata Bonifacio / Riccardo Laterza / Angela Vinella / Annalisa Schirinzi / Mariangela Defilippis / Francesca Di Serio / Angelo Ostuni / Antonio Fasanella / Maria Addolorata Mariggiò

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 9566, p

2022 Volume 9566

Abstract: Serological assays are useful in investigating the development of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of epidemiological studies focusing on the spread of protective immunity. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is the gold ... ...

Abstract	Serological assays are useful in investigating the development of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of epidemiological studies focusing on the spread of protective immunity. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is the gold standard method to assess the titer of protective antibodies in serum samples. However, to provide a result, the PRNT requires several days, skilled operators, and biosafety level 3 laboratories. Therefore, alternative methods are being assessed to establish a relationship between their outcomes and PRNT results. In this work, four different immunoassays (Roche Elecsys ® Anti SARS-CoV-2 S, Snibe MAGLUMI ® SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG, Snibe MAGLUMI ® 2019-nCoV IgG, and EUROIMMUN ® SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA assays, respectively) have been performed on individuals healed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The correlation between each assay and the reference method has been explored through linear regression modeling, as well as through the calculation of Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients. Furthermore, the ability of serological tests to discriminate samples with high titers of neutralizing antibodies (>160) has been assessed by ROC curve analyses, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and positive predictive agreement. The EUROIMMUN ® NeutraLISA assay displayed the best correlation with PRNT results (Pearson and Spearman coefficients equal to 0.660 and 0.784, respectively), as well as the ROC curve with the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (0.857, 0.889, and 0.829, respectively).
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; antibodies ; diagnostics ; serological test ; surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) ; plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Production of a Bacillus anthracis Secretome with Suitable Characteristics as Antigen in a Complement Fixation Test

Domenico Galante / Viviana Manzulli / Adelia Donatiello / Antonio Fasanella / Barbara Chirullo / Massimiliano Francia / Valeria Rondinone / Luigina Serrecchia / Lorenzo Pace / Michela Iatarola / Michela Tarantino / Rosanna Adone

Life, Vol 12, Iss 312, p

2022 Volume 312

Abstract: In this study, we cultured the Bacillus anthracis vaccine strain Sterne 34F2 in a medium containing EDTA, and we assessed the best conditions to inhibit the activity of zinc-dependent metalloproteases to obtain a secretome containing a high concentration ...

Abstract	In this study, we cultured the Bacillus anthracis vaccine strain Sterne 34F2 in a medium containing EDTA, and we assessed the best conditions to inhibit the activity of zinc-dependent metalloproteases to obtain a secretome containing a high concentration of non-degraded PA (PA 83 ), as evaluated by the SDS-PAGE analysis. Then, we used this secretome as the antigen in a Complement Fixation Test (CFT) to monitor the production of antibodies against PA 83 in the sera of rabbits vaccinated with Sterne 34F2 and then infected with a B. anthracis virulent strain to evaluate the potency of the vaccine. The PAS-based CFT results were compared with those obtained by using a commercial ELISA kit. The two serological tests gave similar results in terms of specificity and sensitivity, as the kinetics of the antibodies production was very similar. The Sterne 34F2 vaccine induced an antibody response to PA 83 , whose titer was not inferior to 1:8 in PAS-based CFT and 42 kU/mL in PA 83 -based ELISA, respectively, in all vaccinated rabbits. Our opinion is that the PAS-based CFT can be successfully employed in humans and in animals for epidemiological retrospective studies or post-vaccination monitoring. We also suggest the use of our method to test the efficacy of veterinary anthrax vaccines.
Keywords	Bacillus anthracis ; Complement Fixation Test ; ELISA ; secretome ; vaccination ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Use of Canonical Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (CanSNPs) to characterize Bacillus anthracis outbreak strains in Zambia between 1990 and 2014

Antonio Fasanella / Luigina Serrecchia / Alexandra Chiaverini / Giuliano Garofolo / Geoffrey M. Muuka / Lucas Mwambazi

PeerJ, Vol 6, p e

2018 Volume 5270

Abstract: Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is an old and neglected zoonosis that continues to raise concerns in Southern Africa. In this study, twenty (20) slides with suspected isolates of B. anthracis from anthrax cases between 1990 and 2014 and two (2) from ...

Abstract	Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is an old and neglected zoonosis that continues to raise concerns in Southern Africa. In this study, twenty (20) slides with suspected isolates of B. anthracis from anthrax cases between 1990 and 2014 and two (2) from that of a vaccine strain were analysed using MLVA with 15 VNTRs and CanSNPs test. The results from the CanSNPs indicate that all anthrax outbreaks in Zambia between 1990 and 2014 were caused by the lineage A.Br.005/006 of the clade A. This indicates a common ancestral origin of the B. anthracis circulating in the country. This data has described several environmental, wildlife, livestock and human cases that occurred in a 24 year period, from the major areas where anthrax is endemic. The molecular characterization of isolates from anthrax outbreaks in Zambia has revealed a genetic structure in agreement with previous studies from neighbouring countries. Further studies are needed to elucidate how to better manage anthrax outbreaks and define the risk maps of Zambia.
Keywords	Anthrax ; Bacillus anthracis ; CanSNPs ; Zambia ; Outbreaks ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Classification and management of animal anthrax outbreaks based on the source of infection

Antonio Fasanella / Rosanna Adone / Martin Hugh-Jones

Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vol 50, Iss 2, Pp 192-

2014 Volume 195

Abstract: Anthrax is a non-contagious infectious disease; it primarily affects herbivores, but all mammals, including humans, can be affected. Humans may contract anthrax directly or indirectly from infected animals. Veterinary surveillance systems, providing ... ...

Abstract	Anthrax is a non-contagious infectious disease; it primarily affects herbivores, but all mammals, including humans, can be affected. Humans may contract anthrax directly or indirectly from infected animals. Veterinary surveillance systems, providing information about animal and human cases, should increase the efficacy of the animal anthrax management in order to protect population. Any aspect of the disease should be carefully monitored to implement effective prevention and control strategies. In this paper we propose a new, detailed classification of anthrax outbreaks, based on the source of the infection and the risk level for humans. We describe three different types of animal outbreaks and suggest the most effective procedures for their management and prevention.
Keywords	animal ; anthrax ; classification ; human ; outbreak ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Publishing date	2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Kurtis srl
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Classification and management of animal anthrax outbreaks based on the source of infection

Antonio Fasanella / Rosanna Adone / Martin Hugh-Jones

Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vol 50, Iss 2, Pp 192-

2014 Volume 195

Abstract	Anthrax is a non-contagious infectious disease; it primarily affects herbivores, but all mammals, including humans, can be affected. Humans may contract anthrax directly or indirectly from infected animals. Veterinary surveillance systems, providing information about animal and human cases, should increase the efficacy of the animal anthrax management in order to protect population. Any aspect of the disease should be carefully monitored to implement effective prevention and control strategies. In this paper we propose a new, detailed classification of anthrax outbreaks, based on the source of the infection and the risk level for humans. We describe three different types of animal outbreaks and suggest the most effective procedures for their management and prevention.
Keywords	animal ; anthrax ; classification ; human ; outbreak ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Classification and management of animal anthrax outbreaks based on the source of infection

Antonio Fasanella / Rosanna Adone / Martin Hugh-Jones

Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vol 50, Iss 2, Pp 192-

2014 Volume 195

Abstract	Anthrax is a non-contagious infectious disease; it primarily affects herbivores, but all mammals, including humans, can be affected. Humans may contract anthrax directly or indirectly from infected animals. Veterinary surveillance systems, providing information about animal and human cases, should increase the efficacy of the animal anthrax management in order to protect population. Any aspect of the disease should be carefully monitored to implement effective prevention and control strategies. In this paper we propose a new, detailed classification of anthrax outbreaks, based on the source of the infection and the risk level for humans. We describe three different types of animal outbreaks and suggest the most effective procedures for their management and prevention.
Keywords	animal ; anthrax ; classification ; human ; outbreak ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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